BruxismNCT05764694
Correlation Between the Occurrence of School Bullying, Victimization, and the Occurrence of Deleterious Oral Habits.
An observational study of Bruxism and Nail Biting, run by Cairo University.
Trial summary
To determine the correlation between the occurrence of bullying, victimization, and deleterious oral habit in a group of Egyptian school children. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 8 to 10 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Bruxism, Nail Biting, Bullying of Child
- What is being tested?
- bullied children
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- How many people
- 356 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- 1 Sep 2023to Nov 2024
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 8 to 10 years
- All sexes
- Child
Study population: Egyptian school children, aged between 8-10 years, who attend school and their parents
Who may be able to join
- Children between 8 to 10 years
- Children who attended schools
- Egyptian children
Who cannot join
- Children who were taking antidepressants and anticonvulsant drugs
- Children with cognitive/neurological disorders
- Children with any syndromes such as ectodermal dysplasia or Down syndrome
- Children with a history of an obvious alternative cause for malocclusion (e.g., trauma)
- Participants' caregivers refuse to give consent
Trial locations and contacts
No sites are listed yet.
About this study
Official title: Correlation Between Occurrence of Bullying, Victimization and Deleterious Oral Habits Among School Children in Cairo Governorate, Egypt: Cross-Sectional Study
To determine the correlation between the occurrence of bullying, victimization, and deleterious oral habit in a group of Egyptian school children.
Read the detailed description
Bullying is a major educational and public health problem among school-aged children that has a short and long negative effect on their physiological and psychosocial health.
Bullying among school children is widely spreading and has different forms including physical as hitting, kicking, or verbal as an insult social as spreading rumors or the social exclusion or psychological as stalking or cyberbullying as online hacking.
Bullying affects children greatly in different manners as lack of self-esteem, lack of concentration, depression, anxiety, and expressing feeling of loneliness. The World Health Organization (WHO) stated that "the frequency of bullying was estimated to be 8- 30 % and may reach 50% in many studies and In Egypt, the prevalence of bullying according to UNICEF was 77.8% among adolescent rural school students in other words 1 in 3 students experience bullying regularly, a recent study in Egypt showed the prevalence of bullying and victimization was high (67.5%) among studied group.
Deleterious oral habits are one of the public health problems that are commonly seen among children, it is defined as repeated orofacial muscular activities without a functional benefit Deleterious oral habits depend mainly on frequency, onset, and duration of habit which causes malocclusion such as open bite, deep bite, crossbite, and overjet that affects children's quality of life and cause psychological and esthetic problem, recent study In Alexandria, Egypt found that most seen oral habits in age 6 to 12 years are nail-biting 41.07% then tongue thrust 29.4% then mouth breathing with 15.9% and the least thumb sucking with 15.1%.
Children exposed to emotional stress and anxiety as bullying or need for comfort is considered as a main contributing factor to having an oral habit as children use oral habit as a source of safety and as a mechanism to release tension, pain, and anger through it. It is seen in children as bruxism, pacifier sucking, thumb sucking, mouth breathing, tongue thrusting, lip sucking, and biting and nail-biting.
Children at age of 8 years start to interact more with each other and become more observed so dental appearance becomes a site for bullying. the relationship between oral habit and bullying should be investigated because this type of abuse is a huge problem with serious psychosocial problems, Where the prevalence of children/adolescents being bullied ranges from 5.7% to 20.6%, bullied students are more likely to experience serious academic, social, psychological, and oral health problems there for more research into bullying is required to develop effective bullying prevention programs.
- Conditions
- Bruxism, Nail Biting, Bullying of Child, Bullying
- Being tested
- bullied children
- Medical subject headings
- Bruxism, Nail Biting, Bullying
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
bullied childrenOther
A questionnaire will be answered by parent to measure the primary outcome of the study, which is Presence, duration, and frequency of Oral habits (Bruxism, Nail biting) in addition to a questionnaire answered by child to measure the secondary outcome which is Prevalence of Bullying and victimization.
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Presence, duration, and frequency of Oral habits (Bruxism, Nail biting)
Measure presence, duration, and frequency of Oral habits (Bruxism, Nail biting) through a questionnaire answered by parent including 3 questions with answeres yes and no or a. Did not notice in the past couple of months b. Only once or twice c. 2 or 3 times a month d. About once a week e. Several times a week
Measured: baseline
Secondary outcomes (1)
Prevalence of Bullying and victimization
Measure Prevalence of Bullying and victimization through a questionnaire answered by the child
Measured: baseline
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted13 Mar 2023
- Study start1 Sep 2023 (estimated)
- Primary completionSep 2024 (estimated)
- Study completionNov 2024 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (11)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for BruxismStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Cairo UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 356 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Cairo University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, yousra el-sayed taha, Cairo University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05764694
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- effect of bullying on children
- Status last verified
- Mar 2023
- First submitted
- 28 Feb 2023
- Last updated
- 14 Mar 2023
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Publications
Weng X, Chui WH, Liu L. Bullying Behaviors among Macanese Adolescents-Association with Psychosocial Variables. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Aug 7;14(8):887. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14080887.
PubMed 28783110Alonso LS, Serra-Negra JM, Abreu LG, Martins IM, Tourino LFPG, Vale MP. Association between possible awake bruxism and bullying among 8- to 11-year-old children/adolescents. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2022 Jan;32(1):41-48. doi: 10.1111/ipd.12789. Epub 2021 May 7.
PubMed 33730369Ahmed GK, Metwaly NA, Elbeh K, Galal MS, Shaaban I. Prevalence of school bullying and its relationship with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder: a cross-sectional study. Egypt J Neurol Psychiatr Neurosurg. 2022;58(1):60. doi: 10.1186/s41983-022-00494-6. Epub 2022 May 23.
PubMed 35645553Kyriakides L, Kaloyirou C, Lindsay G. An analysis of the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire using the Rasch measurement model. Br J Educ Psychol. 2006 Dec;76(Pt 4):781-801. doi: 10.1348/000709905X53499.
PubMed 17094886Gaete J, Valenzuela D, Godoy MI, Rojas-Barahona CA, Salmivalli C, Araya R. Validation of the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ-R) Among Adolescents in Chile. Front Psychol. 2021 Apr 12;12:578661. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.578661. eCollection 2021.
PubMed 33912096Beckman L, Hellstrom L, von Kobyletzki L. Cyber bullying among children with neurodevelopmental disorders: A systematic review. Scand J Psychol. 2020 Feb;61(1):54-67. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12525. Epub 2019 Feb 28.
PubMed 30820957Dubey VP, Kievisiene J, Rauckiene-Michealsson A, Norkiene S, Razbadauskas A, Agostinis-Sobrinho C. Bullying and Health Related Quality of Life among Adolescents-A Systematic Review. Children (Basel). 2022 May 24;9(6):766. doi: 10.3390/children9060766.
PubMed 35740703Gomez-Baya D, Garcia-Moro FJ, Nicoletti JA, Lago-Urbano R. A Cross-National Analysis of the Effects by Bullying and School Exclusion on Subjective Happiness in 10-Year-Old Children. Children (Basel). 2022 Feb 18;9(2):287. doi: 10.3390/children9020287.
PubMed 35205007Lobbezoo F, Ahlberg J, Raphael KG, Wetselaar P, Glaros AG, Kato T, Santiago V, Winocur E, De Laat A, De Leeuw R, Koyano K, Lavigne GJ, Svensson P, Manfredini D. International consensus on the assessment of bruxism: Report of a work in progress. J Oral Rehabil. 2018 Nov;45(11):837-844. doi: 10.1111/joor.12663. Epub 2018 Jun 21.
PubMed 29926505Stewart RW, Drescher CF, Maack DJ, Ebesutani C, Young J. The Development and Psychometric Investigation of the Cyberbullying Scale. J Interpers Violence. 2014 Aug;29(12):2218-2238. doi: 10.1177/0886260513517552. Epub 2014 Jan 14.
PubMed 24424252Hayat MJ, Powell A, Johnson T, Cadwell BL. Statistical methods used in the public health literature and implications for training of public health professionals. PLoS One. 2017 Jun 7;12(6):e0179032. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179032. eCollection 2017.
PubMed 28591190
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 14 Mar 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Correlation Between Occurrence of Bullying, Victimization and Deleterious Oral Habits Among School Children in Cairo Governorate, Egypt: Cross-Sectional Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05764694
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- effect of bullying on children
- Conditions
- Bruxism, Nail Biting, Bullying of Child, Bullying
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 356 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Cairo UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Sep 2023 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- Sep 2024 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Nov 2024 (estimated)
- First posted
- 13 Mar 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
To determine the correlation between the occurrence of bullying, victimization, and deleterious oral habit in a group of Egyptian school children.
Detailed description
Bullying is a major educational and public health problem among school-aged children that has a short and long negative effect on their physiological and psychosocial health.
Bullying among school children is widely spreading and has different forms including physical as hitting, kicking, or verbal as an insult social as spreading rumors or the social exclusion or psychological as stalking or cyberbullying as online hacking.
Bullying affects children greatly in different manners as lack of self-esteem, lack of concentration, depression, anxiety, and expressing feeling of loneliness. The World Health Organization (WHO) stated that "the frequency of bullying was estimated to be 8- 30 % and may reach 50% in many studies and In Egypt, the prevalence of bullying according to UNICEF was 77.8% among adolescent rural school students in other words 1 in 3 students experience bullying regularly, a recent study in Egypt showed the prevalence of bullying and victimization was high (67.5%) among studied group.
Deleterious oral habits are one of the public health problems that are commonly seen among children, it is defined as repeated orofacial muscular activities without a functional benefit Deleterious oral habits depend mainly on frequency, onset, and duration of habit which causes malocclusion such as open bite, deep bite, crossbite, and overjet that affects children's quality of life and cause psychological and esthetic problem, recent study In Alexandria, Egypt found that most seen oral habits in age 6 to 12 years are nail-biting 41.07% then tongue thrust 29.4% then mouth breathing with 15.9% and the least thumb sucking with 15.1%.
Children exposed to emotional stress and anxiety as bullying or need for comfort is considered as a main contributing factor to having an oral habit as children use oral habit as a source of safety and as a mechanism to release tension, pain, and anger through it. It is seen in children as bruxism, pacifier sucking, thumb sucking, mouth breathing, tongue thrusting, lip sucking, and biting and nail-biting.
Children at age of 8 years start to interact more with each other and become more observed so dental appearance becomes a site for bullying. the relationship between oral habit and bullying should be investigated because this type of abuse is a huge problem with serious psychosocial problems, Where the prevalence of children/adolescents being bullied ranges from 5.7% to 20.6%, bullied students are more likely to experience serious academic, social, psychological, and oral health problems there for more research into bullying is required to develop effective bullying prevention programs.
Study design
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 8 to 10 years
- Sex
- All
- Age groups
- Child
- Study population
- Egyptian school children, aged between 8-10 years, who attend school and their parents
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Children between 8 to 10 years
- Children who attended schools
- Egyptian children
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Children who were taking antidepressants and anticonvulsant drugs
- Children with cognitive/neurological disorders
- Children with any syndromes such as ectodermal dysplasia or Down syndrome
- Children with a history of an obvious alternative cause for malocclusion (e.g., trauma)
- Participants' caregivers refuse to give consent
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| bullied childrenA questionnaire will be answered by parent to measure the primary outcome of the study, which is Presence, duration, and frequency of Oral habits (Bruxism, Nail biting) in addition to a questionnaire answered by child to measure the secondary outcome which is Prevalence of Bullying and victimization. | Other | – |
Primary outcome
Presence, duration, and frequency of Oral habits (Bruxism, Nail biting)
Time frame: baseline
Measure presence, duration, and frequency of Oral habits (Bruxism, Nail biting) through a questionnaire answered by parent including 3 questions with answeres yes and no or a. Did not notice in the past couple of months b. Only once or twice c. 2 or 3 times a month d. About once a week e. Several times a week
1 secondary outcome
Prevalence of Bullying and victimization
Time frame: baseline
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 14 Mar 2023.
- Background: PubMed 28783110Weng X, Chui WH, Liu L. Bullying Behaviors among Macanese Adolescents-Association with Psychosocial Variables. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Aug 7;14(8):887. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14080887.
- Background: PubMed 33730369Alonso LS, Serra-Negra JM, Abreu LG, Martins IM, Tourino LFPG, Vale MP. Association between possible awake bruxism and bullying among 8- to 11-year-old children/adolescents. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2022 Jan;32(1):41-48. doi: 10.1111/ipd.12789. Epub 2021 May 7.
- Background: PubMed 35645553Ahmed GK, Metwaly NA, Elbeh K, Galal MS, Shaaban I. Prevalence of school bullying and its relationship with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder: a cross-sectional study. Egypt J Neurol Psychiatr Neurosurg. 2022;58(1):60. doi: 10.1186/s41983-022-00494-6. Epub 2022 May 23.
- Background: PubMed 17094886Kyriakides L, Kaloyirou C, Lindsay G. An analysis of the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire using the Rasch measurement model. Br J Educ Psychol. 2006 Dec;76(Pt 4):781-801. doi: 10.1348/000709905X53499.
- Background: PubMed 33912096Gaete J, Valenzuela D, Godoy MI, Rojas-Barahona CA, Salmivalli C, Araya R. Validation of the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ-R) Among Adolescents in Chile. Front Psychol. 2021 Apr 12;12:578661. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.578661. eCollection 2021.
- Background: PubMed 30820957Beckman L, Hellstrom L, von Kobyletzki L. Cyber bullying among children with neurodevelopmental disorders: A systematic review. Scand J Psychol. 2020 Feb;61(1):54-67. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12525. Epub 2019 Feb 28.
- Background: PubMed 35740703Dubey VP, Kievisiene J, Rauckiene-Michealsson A, Norkiene S, Razbadauskas A, Agostinis-Sobrinho C. Bullying and Health Related Quality of Life among Adolescents-A Systematic Review. Children (Basel). 2022 May 24;9(6):766. doi: 10.3390/children9060766.
- Background: PubMed 35205007Gomez-Baya D, Garcia-Moro FJ, Nicoletti JA, Lago-Urbano R. A Cross-National Analysis of the Effects by Bullying and School Exclusion on Subjective Happiness in 10-Year-Old Children. Children (Basel). 2022 Feb 18;9(2):287. doi: 10.3390/children9020287.
- Background: PubMed 29926505Lobbezoo F, Ahlberg J, Raphael KG, Wetselaar P, Glaros AG, Kato T, Santiago V, Winocur E, De Laat A, De Leeuw R, Koyano K, Lavigne GJ, Svensson P, Manfredini D. International consensus on the assessment of bruxism: Report of a work in progress. J Oral Rehabil. 2018 Nov;45(11):837-844. doi: 10.1111/joor.12663. Epub 2018 Jun 21.
- Background: PubMed 24424252Stewart RW, Drescher CF, Maack DJ, Ebesutani C, Young J. The Development and Psychometric Investigation of the Cyberbullying Scale. J Interpers Violence. 2014 Aug;29(12):2218-2238. doi: 10.1177/0886260513517552. Epub 2014 Jan 14.
- Background: PubMed 28591190Hayat MJ, Powell A, Johnson T, Cadwell BL. Statistical methods used in the public health literature and implications for training of public health professionals. PLoS One. 2017 Jun 7;12(6):e0179032. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179032. eCollection 2017.
- School violence and bullying: Global status and trends, drivers and consequencesLink provided by the sponsor.
- New UNESCO Report on School Violence and Bullying to be released at International Symposium on issue affecting millions worldwideLink provided by the sponsor.
- Behind the numbers: Ending school violence and bullyingLink provided by the sponsor.
- VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN IN EGYPT Quantitative Survey and Qualitative Study in Cairo, Alexandria and AssiutLink provided by the sponsor.
- Bullying and Victimization among Adolescents in Governmental Schools in Aswan City, Upper EgyptLink provided by the sponsor.
- Prevalence of oral habits among a group of Egyptian school children, and their knowledge regarding its bad effect on oral healthLink provided by the sponsor.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Bruxism and Nail Biting, run by Cairo University.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 Mar 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Yousra El-sayed Taha, Master's degree (01013009100 ext. +2, yousra.taha@dentistry.cu.edu.eg), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Presence, duration, and frequency of Oral habits (Bruxism, Nail biting) (time frame: baseline). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05764694, which also lists 11 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 Mar 2023.