Pregnancy, High RiskNCT05653362
Coconut Oil vs. Commercial Ultrasound Gel In Obstetric Ultrasounds
A study testing Coconut Oil and Commercial Ultrasound Gel in people with Pregnancy, High Risk, run by Indiana University at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The goal of this randomized controlled trial is to compare the use of coconut oil with commercial ultrasound gel for obstetrical ultrasounds. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. To evaluate the quality of ultrasound images obtained using coconut oil compared with commercial ultrasound gel. 2. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 60 years, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Pregnancy, High Risk
- What is being tested?
- Coconut Oil and Commercial Ultrasound Gel
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 40 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 1 Dec 2021to 22 Dec 2021
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 60 years
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Singleton pregnancy
- Patients presenting for an anatomy or growth US
- Patients assigned to the pre-determined ultrasound suite that will stay constant throughout the study so that the same ultrasound machine is used to obtain all images.
Who cannot join
- Allergy to coconut
- Active inflammatory dermatologic conditions (dermatitis, eczema, or psoriasis)
- Multiple gestation pregnancy
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Riley Hospital for Children at IU Health
Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202
About this study
Official title: A Randomized Trial Evaluating Coconut Oil as an Alternative to Commercial Ultrasound Gel in Obstetrical Ultrasounds
The goal of this randomized controlled trial is to compare the use of coconut oil with commercial ultrasound gel for obstetrical ultrasounds. The main questions it aims to answer are:
- To evaluate the quality of ultrasound images obtained using coconut oil compared with commercial ultrasound gel.
- To access patient acceptability of coconut oil as compared to commercial ultrasound gel.
Participants will:
- Allow a total of 6 study images to be obtained; 3 using coconut oil and 3 with commercial ultrasound gel.
- Fill out a 10-question, 5-point Likert scale survey following their ultrasound with both coupling mediums to compare acceptability.
Read the detailed description
After receiving institutional review board approval, we conducted a randomized 2x2 crossover study. Patients could be enrolled in the study if they had a singleton pregnancy and were presenting for a routine growth or anatomy ultrasound. Exclusion criteria included an allergy to coconut, active inflammatory dermatologic conditions, and a multiple gestation pregnancy. A single ultrasound machine (GE Voluson E10) was used to obtain all images during this study. The three standard fetal biometry views - biparietal diameter (BPD)/head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL) - were obtained by qualified ultrasound technicians for each patient with both coupling agents, for a total of six study images per patient. After obtaining written consent, study data were collected and managed using REDCap electronic data capture tools. REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture) is a secure, web-based application designed to support data capture for research studies, providing: 1) an intuitive interface for validated data entry; 2) audit trails for tracking data manipulation and export procedures; 3) automated export procedures for seamless data downloads to common statistical packages; and 4) procedures for importing data from external sources.
Patients were randomized to either starting their scheduled ultrasound exam by obtaining the three study images using coconut oil and then proceeding with the standard ultrasound using commercial ultrasound gel or vice versa. A total of 15g of room-temperature, organic, refined coconut oil was used for each patient. The commercial ultrasound gel used for this study was room-temperature Aquasonic 100 (Parker Laboratories, Inc., Fairfield, NJ) of an unmeasured amount. The patient's abdomen was cleaned off with a towel between applications of each coupling agent. After completion of the ultrasound session, patient satisfaction with both coupling agents was assessed using a ten-question acceptability survey measured on a five-point Likert scale which was adapted from a previously validated survey.
Using a quantifiable scale developed for this study (0-25: unacceptable, 26-50: suboptimal, 51-75: acceptable, and 76-100: optimal), two experienced Maternal-Fetal Medicine physicians rated all study images on quality, resolution, and detail as defined by prior studies2. Quality was defined as an overall assessment of the image encompassing contrast of solid and fluid-filled structures. Resolution was defined as the sharpness and crispness of the image as well as a lack of haziness/blurriness. Detail was defined as the clarity of landmarks and ease with which boundaries of structures are seen and how well they are defined. Using Viewpoint (GE Healthcare), an ultrasound viewing software, the six study images for each patient were presented in the order of coupling agent each patient was randomized to first and second. Each set of three images per coupling agent was in the following order: BPD/HC, AC, and FL. The physicians rating the images were blinded to the agent used to capture each image and had no knowledge of the randomization list created by the study statisticians.
- Conditions
- Pregnancy, High Risk
- Being tested
- Coconut Oil, Commercial Ultrasound Gel
- Keywords
- ultrasonography, coconut oil, ultrasound gel
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Coconut OilDevice
Coconut oil was applied to the patients' abdomen during the ultrasound to serve as a conducting medium. When applied topically, coconut oil is not absorbed systemically by the subject and will not affect the fetus. There are no studies showing a potential risk of the use of topical coconut oil in pregnancy. Subjects with a coconut allergy will be excluded from this study due to risk of allergic reaction.
Commercial Ultrasound GelDevice
Room-temperature Aquasonic 100 (Parker Laboratories, Inc., Fairfield, NJ) applied to patients' abdomen during the ultrasound to serve an another conducting medium.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Coconut Oil followed by Commercial Ultrasound Gel | Other | After the patient is consented and all questions are answered, the patient's information will be entered into a RedCap and they will be randomized to either starting the scan by first obtaining the required study images with coconut oil and then proceeding to the standard ultrasound using commercial ultrasound gel (Arm 1) or to starting with the scheduled ultrasound using the commercial ultrasound gel and ending by obtaining the required study images using coconut oil (Arm 2).
Whether assigned to Arm 1 or Arm 2, prior to the collection of the study images using coconut oil, the participant will be handed a small plastic cup with a pre-measured amount of coconut oil and they will be asked to warm it in their hand for at least 2 minutes. They will then apply the coconut oil to their own abdomen with their hands prior to the ultrasound technician obtaining the required images.
The ultrasound technician will collect 3 extra images for study purposes only using the coconut oil. Receives: Device: Coconut Oil; Device: Commercial Ultrasound Gel |
| Commercial Ultrasound Gel followed by Coconut Oil | Other | After the patient is consented and all questions are answered, the patient's information will be entered into a RedCap and they will be randomized to either starting the scan by first obtaining the required study images with coconut oil and then proceeding to the standard ultrasound using commercial ultrasound gel (Arm 1) or to starting with the scheduled ultrasound using the commercial ultrasound gel and ending by obtaining the required study images using coconut oil (Arm 2).
Whether assigned to Arm 1 or Arm 2, prior to the collection of the study images using coconut oil, the participant will be handed a small plastic cup with a pre-measured amount of coconut oil and they will be asked to warm it in their hand for at least 2 minutes. They will then apply the coconut oil to their own abdomen with their hands prior to the ultrasound technician obtaining the required images.
The ultrasound technician will collect 3 extra images for study purposes only using the coconut oil. Receives: Device: Coconut Oil; Device: Commercial Ultrasound Gel |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Quality of Ultrasound Images
The quality of ultrasound images obtained using coconut oil compared with commercial ultrasound gel was assessed using a quantifiable scale developed for this study (0-25: unacceptable, 26-50: suboptimal, 51-75: acceptable, and 76-100: optimal). Using Viewpoint (GE Healthcare), an ultrasound viewing software, the six study images for each patient were presented in the order of coupling agent each patient was randomized to first and second. Each set of three images per coupling agent was in the following order: Biparietal Diameter/Head circumference (BPD/HC), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL). The physicians rating the images were blinded to the agent used to capture each image and had no knowledge of the randomization list created by the study statisticians. The image quality scores given by the two experienced Maternal-Fetal Medicine physicians were averaged to compute a single score for each image per coupling agent.
Measured: ultrasound scanning, an average of 1 hour
Secondary outcomes (1)
Acceptability
Patient acceptability of coconut oil as compared to commercial ultrasound gel was assessed using a ten-question acceptability survey measured on a five-point Likert scale which was adapted from a previously validated survey. Higher scores meant a better outcome for questions 1 and 2 and a lower score meant a better outcome for questions 3, 4, and 5. The minimum value was a score of 1 and the maximum value was a score of 5.
Measured: after ultrasound scanning, an average of 1 hour
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted16 Dec 2022
- Study start1 Dec 2021
- Primary completion22 Dec 2021
- Study completion22 Dec 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (4)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Pregnancy, High RiskStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Indiana UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Care provider
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Indiana University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Caroline Rouse, Indiana University
- Investigators
- Caroline Rouse, MD, Principal investigator, Indiana University Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05653362
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 12932
- Status last verified
- May 2023
- First submitted
- 10 Nov 2022
- Last updated
- 2 Jun 2023
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- Yes
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Agero AL, Verallo-Rowell VM. A randomized double-blind controlled trial comparing extra virgin coconut oil with mineral oil as a moisturizer for mild to moderate xerosis. Dermatitis. 2004 Sep;15(3):109-16. doi: 10.2310/6620.2004.04006.
PubMed 15724344DebMandal M, Mandal S. Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.: Arecaceae): in health promotion and disease prevention. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2011 Mar;4(3):241-7. doi: 10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60078-3. Epub 2011 Apr 12.
PubMed 21771462Kabara JJ, Swieczkowski DM, Conley AJ, Truant JP. Fatty acids and derivatives as antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1972 Jul;2(1):23-8. doi: 10.1128/AAC.2.1.23.
PubMed 4670656Esquenazi D, Wigg MD, Miranda MM, Rodrigues HM, Tostes JB, Rozental S, da Silva AJ, Alviano CS. Antimicrobial and antiviral activities of polyphenolics from Cocos nucifera Linn. (Palmae) husk fiber extract. Res Microbiol. 2002 Dec;153(10):647-52. doi: 10.1016/s0923-2508(02)01377-3.
PubMed 12558183
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 2 Jun 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Randomized Trial Evaluating Coconut Oil as an Alternative to Commercial Ultrasound Gel in Obstetrical Ultrasounds
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05653362
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 12932
- Conditions
- Pregnancy, High Risk
- Keywords
- ultrasonography, coconut oil, ultrasound gel
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Indiana UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Dec 2021 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 22 Dec 2021 (actual)
- Study completion
- 22 Dec 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 16 Dec 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Posted 2 Jun 2023
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this randomized controlled trial is to compare the use of coconut oil with commercial ultrasound gel for obstetrical ultrasounds. The main questions it aims to answer are:
- To evaluate the quality of ultrasound images obtained using coconut oil compared with commercial ultrasound gel.
- To access patient acceptability of coconut oil as compared to commercial ultrasound gel.
Participants will:
- Allow a total of 6 study images to be obtained; 3 using coconut oil and 3 with commercial ultrasound gel.
- Fill out a 10-question, 5-point Likert scale survey following their ultrasound with both coupling mediums to compare acceptability.
Detailed description
After receiving institutional review board approval, we conducted a randomized 2x2 crossover study. Patients could be enrolled in the study if they had a singleton pregnancy and were presenting for a routine growth or anatomy ultrasound. Exclusion criteria included an allergy to coconut, active inflammatory dermatologic conditions, and a multiple gestation pregnancy. A single ultrasound machine (GE Voluson E10) was used to obtain all images during this study. The three standard fetal biometry views - biparietal diameter (BPD)/head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL) - were obtained by qualified ultrasound technicians for each patient with both coupling agents, for a total of six study images per patient. After obtaining written consent, study data were collected and managed using REDCap electronic data capture tools. REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture) is a secure, web-based application designed to support data capture for research studies, providing: 1) an intuitive interface for validated data entry; 2) audit trails for tracking data manipulation and export procedures; 3) automated export procedures for seamless data downloads to common statistical packages; and 4) procedures for importing data from external sources.
Patients were randomized to either starting their scheduled ultrasound exam by obtaining the three study images using coconut oil and then proceeding with the standard ultrasound using commercial ultrasound gel or vice versa. A total of 15g of room-temperature, organic, refined coconut oil was used for each patient. The commercial ultrasound gel used for this study was room-temperature Aquasonic 100 (Parker Laboratories, Inc., Fairfield, NJ) of an unmeasured amount. The patient's abdomen was cleaned off with a towel between applications of each coupling agent. After completion of the ultrasound session, patient satisfaction with both coupling agents was assessed using a ten-question acceptability survey measured on a five-point Likert scale which was adapted from a previously validated survey.
Using a quantifiable scale developed for this study (0-25: unacceptable, 26-50: suboptimal, 51-75: acceptable, and 76-100: optimal), two experienced Maternal-Fetal Medicine physicians rated all study images on quality, resolution, and detail as defined by prior studies2. Quality was defined as an overall assessment of the image encompassing contrast of solid and fluid-filled structures. Resolution was defined as the sharpness and crispness of the image as well as a lack of haziness/blurriness. Detail was defined as the clarity of landmarks and ease with which boundaries of structures are seen and how well they are defined. Using Viewpoint (GE Healthcare), an ultrasound viewing software, the six study images for each patient were presented in the order of coupling agent each patient was randomized to first and second. Each set of three images per coupling agent was in the following order: BPD/HC, AC, and FL. The physicians rating the images were blinded to the agent used to capture each image and had no knowledge of the randomization list created by the study statisticians.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Single blind (care provider)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Coconut Oil followed by Commercial Ultrasound Gel | Other | Device: Coconut Oil, Device: Commercial Ultrasound GelAfter the patient is consented and all questions are answered, the patient's information will be entered into a RedCap and they will be randomized to either starting the scan by first obtaining the required study images with coconut oil and then proceeding to the standard ultrasound using commercial ultrasound gel (Arm 1) or to starting with the scheduled ultrasound using the commercial ultrasound gel and ending by obtaining the required study images using coconut oil (Arm 2). Whether assigned to Arm 1 or Arm 2, prior to the collection of the study images using coconut oil, the participant will be handed a small plastic cup with a pre-measured amount of coconut oil and they will be asked to warm it in their hand for at least 2 minutes. They will then apply the coconut oil to their own abdomen with their hands prior to the ultrasound technician obtaining the required images. The ultrasound technician will collect 3 extra images for study purposes only using the coconut oil. |
| Commercial Ultrasound Gel followed by Coconut Oil | Other | Device: Coconut Oil, Device: Commercial Ultrasound GelAfter the patient is consented and all questions are answered, the patient's information will be entered into a RedCap and they will be randomized to either starting the scan by first obtaining the required study images with coconut oil and then proceeding to the standard ultrasound using commercial ultrasound gel (Arm 1) or to starting with the scheduled ultrasound using the commercial ultrasound gel and ending by obtaining the required study images using coconut oil (Arm 2). Whether assigned to Arm 1 or Arm 2, prior to the collection of the study images using coconut oil, the participant will be handed a small plastic cup with a pre-measured amount of coconut oil and they will be asked to warm it in their hand for at least 2 minutes. They will then apply the coconut oil to their own abdomen with their hands prior to the ultrasound technician obtaining the required images. The ultrasound technician will collect 3 extra images for study purposes only using the coconut oil. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 60 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Singleton pregnancy
- Patients presenting for an anatomy or growth US
- Patients assigned to the pre-determined ultrasound suite that will stay constant throughout the study so that the same ultrasound machine is used to obtain all images.
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Allergy to coconut
- Active inflammatory dermatologic conditions (dermatitis, eczema, or psoriasis)
- Multiple gestation pregnancy
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Coconut OilCoconut oil was applied to the patients' abdomen during the ultrasound to serve as a conducting medium. When applied topically, coconut oil is not absorbed systemically by the subject and will not affect the fetus. There are no studies showing a potential risk of the use of topical coconut oil in pregnancy. Subjects with a coconut allergy will be excluded from this study due to risk of allergic reaction. | Device | Coconut Oil followed by Commercial Ultrasound Gel, Commercial Ultrasound Gel followed by Coconut Oil |
| Commercial Ultrasound GelRoom-temperature Aquasonic 100 (Parker Laboratories, Inc., Fairfield, NJ) applied to patients' abdomen during the ultrasound to serve an another conducting medium. | Device | Coconut Oil followed by Commercial Ultrasound Gel, Commercial Ultrasound Gel followed by Coconut Oil |
Primary outcome
Quality of Ultrasound Images
Time frame: ultrasound scanning, an average of 1 hour
The quality of ultrasound images obtained using coconut oil compared with commercial ultrasound gel was assessed using a quantifiable scale developed for this study (0-25: unacceptable, 26-50: suboptimal, 51-75: acceptable, and 76-100: optimal). Using Viewpoint (GE Healthcare), an ultrasound viewing software, the six study images for each patient were presented in the order of coupling agent each patient was randomized to first and second. Each set of three images per coupling agent was in the following order: Biparietal Diameter/Head circumference (BPD/HC), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL). The physicians rating the images were blinded to the agent used to capture each image and had no knowledge of the randomization list created by the study statisticians. The image quality scores given by the two experienced Maternal-Fetal Medicine physicians were averaged to compute a single score for each image per coupling agent.
1 secondary outcome
Acceptability
Time frame: after ultrasound scanning, an average of 1 hour
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 2 Jun 2023.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Background: PubMed 15724344Agero AL, Verallo-Rowell VM. A randomized double-blind controlled trial comparing extra virgin coconut oil with mineral oil as a moisturizer for mild to moderate xerosis. Dermatitis. 2004 Sep;15(3):109-16. doi: 10.2310/6620.2004.04006.
- Background: PubMed 21771462DebMandal M, Mandal S. Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.: Arecaceae): in health promotion and disease prevention. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2011 Mar;4(3):241-7. doi: 10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60078-3. Epub 2011 Apr 12.
- Background: PubMed 4670656Kabara JJ, Swieczkowski DM, Conley AJ, Truant JP. Fatty acids and derivatives as antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1972 Jul;2(1):23-8. doi: 10.1128/AAC.2.1.23.
- Background: PubMed 12558183Esquenazi D, Wigg MD, Miranda MM, Rodrigues HM, Tostes JB, Rozental S, da Silva AJ, Alviano CS. Antimicrobial and antiviral activities of polyphenolics from Cocos nucifera Linn. (Palmae) husk fiber extract. Res Microbiol. 2002 Dec;153(10):647-52. doi: 10.1016/s0923-2508(02)01377-3.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Caroline Rouse, MD principal investigator
Indiana University Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Coconut Oil and Commercial Ultrasound Gel in people with Pregnancy, High Risk, run by Indiana University at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 2 Jun 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 2 Jun 2023). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Quality of Ultrasound Images (time frame: ultrasound scanning, an average of 1 hour). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05653362, which also lists 4 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 2 Jun 2023.