Health Promotion Community-based Intervention Among Elderly People Through Self-managed MAHA Mobile App.

The population over 65 years of age in OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries has been increasing in recent years. In 2010 it was 15% and is expected to reach 22% by 2030. Life expectancy of people aged 65 has also increased significantly over the last 50 years, being higher in OECD countries, with women living 21 years longer and men 17 years longer, representing an increase of almost 40% since 1960. This demographic change of society in the European Union (EU) leads to increased costs in health and social care systems, as care and prevention measures for all ages are becoming increasingly expensive.

To tackle this challege, health systems should identify solutions that improve the lifelong health and well-being of elderly people, and hence the effectiveness of prevention, treatment and management of disease and disability.

The European funded GATEKEEPER project aims to ensure healthier independent living for ageing populations. As a result, GATEKEEPER will deploy an open, European-wide, standards-based, interoperable and secure platform, available to all stakeholders (healthcare professionals, technology companies and users), offering digital solutions on the Internet of Things, Big Data or Artificial Intelligence, or new techniques, for early detection and personalised interventions to ensure healthier independent living for ageing populations. The study will engage 40,000 senior citizens, as well as authorities, institutions, companies, associations and academic centres from 8 pilot regions in seven medical use cases.

The Basque Country region participates the "Lifestyle-related early detection" use case. It has implemented a health promotion intervention to encourage active and healthy ageing of Basque elderly people by the use of a self-managed MAHA mobile application. The main objective is to assess the effectiveness and user experience of a self-managed mobile health application that recommends activities to promote healthy lifestyle habits. Secondary objectives are:

• To encourage active and healthy ageing, promoting physical activity, cognitive training and social participation.
• To enhance independence, autonomy and improve the well-being of older people.
• To increase the empowerment of older people and their caregivers, family members or reference people.

This quasi-experimental and longitudinal study is aiming to target 10,000 older people and/or their caregivers from the Basque Country (Spain). Recruitment will follow a multi-channel and community based strategy at Basque regional level. More than 25 community based organizations from the Basque Health Ecosystem are participating in the intervention. The professionals as recruiters disseminate the intervention and invite participants who meet the inclusion criteria (people over 65 years old and/or caregivers that are familiar with mobile and technologies) to use the ehealth Appl for improving their health, daily habits and enhance health literacy.

The study will have a total duration of 24 months structures in three phases: intervention design and preparation; running phase, and evaluation process. In the 1st phase, the process of adapting and customising the technology to the needs of the study has been carried out. In parallel, professionals from key organizations at community setting has been invited to participate in the development, identification and review of the contents, usability and interface of the App mock-ups. In the 2nd phase, as part of the intervention running phase, traning sessions with healthcare professionals and community-based professionals have been carried out. Trained professionals through dissemination materials and channels (posters, explanatory leaflets, videos, newsletters or face-to-face appointments) start contacting and informing the study candidates to participate in the intervention. Candidates who are interest and accept to participate will download the application on their mobile devices and start using MAHA. The 3rd and last phase will conduct an evaluation where the intervention research question will be answered. The research question is: Can ehealth mobile application promote habits and attitudes that lead to healthy lifestyles, enchace independence, and autonomy and increase the empowerment among elderly people? The intervention aforementioned started in April 2022, once traning sessions with the profesionals at community-based organizations held. The project envisages between six and 9 month window from the start of the intervention to achieve the total number of citizen recruited. During the intervention period, citizen will use the MAHA App that will offer activities, materials and contents to reinforce the socialization, promote habits and attitudes that lead to healthy lifestyles, push active ageing and empowerment, and delay or reduce the deterioration of the health. The intervention will end in September 2023, after which the evaluation will be carried out to analyse if MAHA has contributed to make senior healthier and make healthy choices easier! A mixed methods approach will be employed, which refers to an emerging research methodology that advances the systematic integration of quantitative and qualitative data into a single investigation. Data collected from participants' MAHA application will be used for quantitative evaluation. It will be conducted a baseline assessment, by collecting the following questionnaires at baseline, one the participant has registered in the App: EuroQoL-5D and Get up from the chair 5 times test from the app server. The final evaluation will take place at the end of the defined monitoring period. This evaluation will be based on information from quantitative data collected through questionnaires (EuroQoL-5D, Get up from your chair 5 times test and MAUQ) and usage metrics from the app server.

Data management comply with the new EU regulation on data protection (General Data Protection Regulation, GDPR) that has entered into force on 28 May 2018. The GATEKEEPER I study will only collect essential data that will come from the app server (all data extracted from the app server and used for analysis will be anonymised) and information from focus groups and/or semi-structured interviews with professionals practitioners (data for analysis will be pseudonymised). This data processing will be carried out in accordance with the data protection regulation no. 2016/679. Only those responsible for the evaluation (Osakidetza-Basque Health Service) of the Basque Country team will have access to identifiable data in a protected environment. Those responsible for the evaluation will sign an express commitment to confidentiality and not to carry out any re-identification activity.

App user data transferred to the evaluation team (Open Evidence, the Gatekeeper partner responsible for the evaluation of the project) and usage metrics transferred to the Gatekeeper platform (hosted by the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, a GATEKEEPER partner) will be anonymised. The data transfer mechanisms between European regions will comply with the new EU regulation on data protection (General Data Protection Regulation, GDPR) that has entered into force on 28 May 2018.