Muscle SorenessNCT05607212
Lumbosacral Muscle Sensitivity & Pressure Pain Threshold After Kettlebell Swings
A study testing Kettlebell Swing and Isometric Hold in people with Muscle Soreness and Muscle Weakness, run by University of Central Florida at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The primary purpose of the study is to assess the muscle contractility and sensitivity of lumbar erector spinae, biceps femoris, and gluteus maximus short-term response to Tabata kettlebell swing protocol. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 35 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Muscle Soreness, Muscle Weakness, Muscle Tenderness
- What is being tested?
- Kettlebell Swing and Isometric Hold
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 90 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 14 Nov 2022to 14 Mar 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 35 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Participant is a male or female between the ages of 18 and 35 years old
- Participant is asymptomatic for low back pain
Who cannot join
- Participant is unable to participate in physical activity, as determined by the PAR-Q+
- Have any injuries or other chronic pain that would prevent them from performing a high intensity kettlebell swing protocol
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
University of Central Florida
Orlando, Florida, 32816
About this study
Official title: Tensiomyography and Pressure Algometry: Assessing the Effects of an Acute Bout of Kettlebell Swings on Muscle Sensitivity and Pressure Pain Threshold.
The primary purpose of the study is to assess the muscle contractility and sensitivity of lumbar erector spinae, biceps femoris, and gluteus maximus short-term response to Tabata kettlebell swing protocol.
Read the detailed description
While there are many studies that combine resistance exercise with TMG, there are no studies that combine TMG or pressure algometry with an isometric hold of a kettlebell. This will be the first study that will observe the relationship between these specific variable
It has also been noted that kettlebell swings have an acute effect on muscle sensitivity. A study conducted by Hanney et al. (2017) demonstrated that there was an increase in the mean lumbosacral muscle pain pressure threshold across three locations measured.
Research by Hanney et al. is also the only article that has combined kettlebell swings and pressure algometry. As mentioned earlier, these researchers measured the effects of kettlebell swings on pressure pain threshold in the quadratus lumborum, paravertebral muscles, and the piriformis after an acute bout of 2 handed kettle-bell swings. Compared to a control group, the kettlebell swing group had significantly higher pressure pain thresholds for all three of the testing sites.
Researchers believe this may be due to an increased hyperemia-state post exercise, where the increased blood flow and vasodilation flushes out muscle metabolites. Clearing of these metabolites which normally activate chemo-nociceptive free nerve endings, are theorized to decrease pain sensitivity. This post-exercise hyperemia, leading to decreased pressure pain thresholds, may be directly related to the changes in contractility of the muscle after resistive exercise.
- Conditions
- Muscle Soreness, Muscle Weakness, Muscle Tenderness
- Being tested
- Kettlebell Swing, Isometric Hold, Control
- Keywords
- Tensiomyography, pressure algometry, kettlebell swings, muscle sensitivity
- Medical subject headings
- Myalgia, Muscle Weakness
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Kettlebell SwingOther
Participants will perform two-handed kettlebell swings using the interval training protocol outlined in the study carried out by Jay et. al. (2011). The protocol calls for 30 seconds of work, followed by 30-60 seconds of rest for a total of 10 intervals. The mechanics of the kettlebell swing will follow those outlined in the study carried out by McGill et. al. (2012). All male participants will perform the intervention with a 16kg kettlebell and all female participants will perform the intervention with a 12kg kettlebell to assure reliability. The weight is higher than previous and similar study by Brandon et al to ensure measurable differences between experimental and comparison groups.
Isometric HoldOther
Participants will perform an isometric hold of a kettlebell for 30 seconds followed by 30 seconds of rest for a total of 10 intervals. Participants will mimic initial kettlebell swing position by standing shoulder width apart with their back straight, and hips and knees flexed. Participants will be cued to squeeze their glutes and look straight ahead while they hold the weight for the 30 second interval. All male participants will perform the intervention with a 16kg kettlebell and all female participants will perform the intervention with a 12kg kettlebell to assure reliability.
ControlOther
Control group: participants will be educated on the benefit of a kettlebell swing.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Kettlebell Swing Group | Experimental | Participants will perform two-handed kettlebell swings Receives: Other: Kettlebell Swing |
| Active Comparator Group | Active comparator | Participants will perform an isometric hold of a kettlebell for 30 seconds followed by 30 seconds of rest for a total of 10 intervals. Receives: Other: Isometric Hold |
| Control group | Other | participants will be educated on the benefit of a kettlebell swing. Receives: Other: Control |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Tensiomyography
Electrical stimulator (TMG-S1) for lumbar erector spinae, biceps femoris, and gluteus
Measured: immediately after the intervention
Pressure Algometry
Document pressure change from comfortable pressure to a little unpleasant pain. The measurement will then be collected at the quadratus lumborum, paravertebral muscles, and piriformis.
Measured: immediately after the intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted7 Nov 2022
- Study start14 Nov 2022
- Primary completion14 Mar 2024
- Study completion14 Mar 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (5)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Muscle SorenessStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 90 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Central Florida
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- William J. Hanney, Principal investigator, University of Central Florida
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05607212
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- STUDY00004622
- Status last verified
- Jun 2024
- First submitted
- 25 Oct 2022
- Last updated
- 5 Jun 2024
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
de Paula Simola RA, Harms N, Raeder C, Kellmann M, Meyer T, Pfeiffer M, Ferrauti A. Assessment of neuromuscular function after different strength training protocols using tensiomyography. J Strength Cond Res. 2015 May;29(5):1339-48. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000768.
PubMed 25474337Munoz-Lopez A, De Hoyo M, Nunez FJ, Sanudo B. Using Tensiomyography to Assess Changes in Knee Muscle Contraction Properties After Concentric and Eccentric Fatiguing Muscle Actions. J Strength Cond Res. 2022 Apr 1;36(4):935-940. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003562. No abstract available.
PubMed 32168176Tous-Fajardo J, Moras G, Rodriguez-Jimenez S, Usach R, Doutres DM, Maffiuletti NA. Inter-rater reliability of muscle contractile property measurements using non-invasive tensiomyography. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2010 Aug;20(4):761-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2010.02.008. Epub 2010 Mar 16.
PubMed 20236839Martin-Rodriguez S, Loturco I, Hunter AM, Rodriguez-Ruiz D, Munguia-Izquierdo D. Reliability and Measurement Error of Tensiomyography to Assess Mechanical Muscle Function: A Systematic Review. J Strength Cond Res. 2017 Dec;31(12):3524-3536. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002250.
PubMed 28930871Lohr C, Braumann KM, Reer R, Schroeder J, Schmidt T. Reliability of tensiomyography and myotonometry in detecting mechanical and contractile characteristics of the lumbar erector spinae in healthy volunteers. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2018 Jul;118(7):1349-1359. doi: 10.1007/s00421-018-3867-2. Epub 2018 Apr 20.
PubMed 29679246
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 5 Jun 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Tensiomyography and Pressure Algometry: Assessing the Effects of an Acute Bout of Kettlebell Swings on Muscle Sensitivity and Pressure Pain Threshold.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05607212
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- STUDY00004622
- Conditions
- Muscle Soreness, Muscle Weakness, Muscle Tenderness
- Keywords
- Tensiomyography, pressure algometry, kettlebell swings, muscle sensitivity
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 90 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of Central FloridaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 14 Nov 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 14 Mar 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 14 Mar 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 7 Nov 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The primary purpose of the study is to assess the muscle contractility and sensitivity of lumbar erector spinae, biceps femoris, and gluteus maximus short-term response to Tabata kettlebell swing protocol.
Detailed description
While there are many studies that combine resistance exercise with TMG, there are no studies that combine TMG or pressure algometry with an isometric hold of a kettlebell. This will be the first study that will observe the relationship between these specific variable
It has also been noted that kettlebell swings have an acute effect on muscle sensitivity. A study conducted by Hanney et al. (2017) demonstrated that there was an increase in the mean lumbosacral muscle pain pressure threshold across three locations measured.
Research by Hanney et al. is also the only article that has combined kettlebell swings and pressure algometry. As mentioned earlier, these researchers measured the effects of kettlebell swings on pressure pain threshold in the quadratus lumborum, paravertebral muscles, and the piriformis after an acute bout of 2 handed kettle-bell swings. Compared to a control group, the kettlebell swing group had significantly higher pressure pain thresholds for all three of the testing sites.
Researchers believe this may be due to an increased hyperemia-state post exercise, where the increased blood flow and vasodilation flushes out muscle metabolites. Clearing of these metabolites which normally activate chemo-nociceptive free nerve endings, are theorized to decrease pain sensitivity. This post-exercise hyperemia, leading to decreased pressure pain thresholds, may be directly related to the changes in contractility of the muscle after resistive exercise.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Kettlebell Swing Group | Experimental | Other: Kettlebell SwingParticipants will perform two-handed kettlebell swings |
| Active Comparator Group | Active comparator | Other: Isometric HoldParticipants will perform an isometric hold of a kettlebell for 30 seconds followed by 30 seconds of rest for a total of 10 intervals. |
| Control group | Other | Other: Controlparticipants will be educated on the benefit of a kettlebell swing. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 35 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Participant is a male or female between the ages of 18 and 35 years old
- Participant is asymptomatic for low back pain
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Participant is unable to participate in physical activity, as determined by the PAR-Q+
- Have any injuries or other chronic pain that would prevent them from performing a high intensity kettlebell swing protocol
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Kettlebell SwingParticipants will perform two-handed kettlebell swings using the interval training protocol outlined in the study carried out by Jay et. al. (2011). The protocol calls for 30 seconds of work, followed by 30-60 seconds of rest for a total of 10 intervals. The mechanics of the kettlebell swing will follow those outlined in the study carried out by McGill et. al. (2012). All male participants will perform the intervention with a 16kg kettlebell and all female participants will perform the intervention with a 12kg kettlebell to assure reliability. The weight is higher than previous and similar study by Brandon et al to ensure measurable differences between experimental and comparison groups. | Other | Kettlebell Swing Group |
| Isometric HoldParticipants will perform an isometric hold of a kettlebell for 30 seconds followed by 30 seconds of rest for a total of 10 intervals. Participants will mimic initial kettlebell swing position by standing shoulder width apart with their back straight, and hips and knees flexed. Participants will be cued to squeeze their glutes and look straight ahead while they hold the weight for the 30 second interval. All male participants will perform the intervention with a 16kg kettlebell and all female participants will perform the intervention with a 12kg kettlebell to assure reliability. | Other | Active Comparator Group |
| ControlControl group: participants will be educated on the benefit of a kettlebell swing. | Other | Control group |
Primary outcome
Tensiomyography
Time frame: immediately after the intervention
Electrical stimulator (TMG-S1) for lumbar erector spinae, biceps femoris, and gluteus
Pressure Algometry
Time frame: immediately after the intervention
Document pressure change from comfortable pressure to a little unpleasant pain. The measurement will then be collected at the quadratus lumborum, paravertebral muscles, and piriformis.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 5 Jun 2024.
- Results publication: PubMed 25474337de Paula Simola RA, Harms N, Raeder C, Kellmann M, Meyer T, Pfeiffer M, Ferrauti A. Assessment of neuromuscular function after different strength training protocols using tensiomyography. J Strength Cond Res. 2015 May;29(5):1339-48. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000768.
- Results publication: PubMed 32168176Munoz-Lopez A, De Hoyo M, Nunez FJ, Sanudo B. Using Tensiomyography to Assess Changes in Knee Muscle Contraction Properties After Concentric and Eccentric Fatiguing Muscle Actions. J Strength Cond Res. 2022 Apr 1;36(4):935-940. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003562. No abstract available.
- Results publication: PubMed 20236839Tous-Fajardo J, Moras G, Rodriguez-Jimenez S, Usach R, Doutres DM, Maffiuletti NA. Inter-rater reliability of muscle contractile property measurements using non-invasive tensiomyography. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2010 Aug;20(4):761-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2010.02.008. Epub 2010 Mar 16.
- Results publication: PubMed 28930871Martin-Rodriguez S, Loturco I, Hunter AM, Rodriguez-Ruiz D, Munguia-Izquierdo D. Reliability and Measurement Error of Tensiomyography to Assess Mechanical Muscle Function: A Systematic Review. J Strength Cond Res. 2017 Dec;31(12):3524-3536. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002250.
- Results publication: PubMed 29679246Lohr C, Braumann KM, Reer R, Schroeder J, Schmidt T. Reliability of tensiomyography and myotonometry in detecting mechanical and contractile characteristics of the lumbar erector spinae in healthy volunteers. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2018 Jul;118(7):1349-1359. doi: 10.1007/s00421-018-3867-2. Epub 2018 Apr 20.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
William J. Hanney principal investigator
University of Central Florida
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Kettlebell Swing and Isometric Hold in people with Muscle Soreness and Muscle Weakness, run by University of Central Florida at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 5 Jun 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Tensiomyography (time frame: immediately after the intervention). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05607212, which also lists 5 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 5 Jun 2024.