Groin InjuryNCT05589623
The Effectiveness of the Copenhagen Adduction Exercise on Soccer Players With Groin Pain or Injury
A study testing Copenhagen adduction exercise and Usual rehabilitation program in people with Groin Injury, run by Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University at 1 site in Saudi Arabia.
Trial summary
Groin injuries are among the three most common and time-consuming injuries in soccer, accounting for 19% of all injuries, with 0.1-2.1 injuries per 1000 hours of play. The Copenhagen Adduction Exercise (CAE) has been showing promising results in improving Eccentric Hip Adduction Strength (EHADS), leading to reducing… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 40 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Groin Injury
- What is being tested?
- Copenhagen adduction exercise and Usual rehabilitation program
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 30 participants
- Where
- 1 siteSaudi Arabia
- Study dates
- 15 Jan 2023to 27 Apr 2023
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 40 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Soccer players aged between 18 to 40 years.
- They have groin pain or injury within two months during sports.
- Pain or tenderness on palpation of adductors in clinical examination.
- Pain on resisted hip adduction movement in clinical examination.
- Desire to continue the sport at the same level.
Who cannot join
- Groin pain or injury not involving the adductors on clinical examination.
- They have any clinical finding indications of femoral or inguinal hernia.
- Evidence of prostatitis, chronic urinary tract disease.
- Evidence of hip joint osteoarthritis or hip joint disease.
- Bursitis of the hip or groin region.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Adding the Copenhagen Adductor Exercise to Standard Groin Injury Rehabilitation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Groin injuries are among the three most common and time-consuming injuries in soccer, accounting for 19% of all injuries, with 0.1-2.1 injuries per 1000 hours of play. The Copenhagen Adduction Exercise (CAE) has been showing promising results in improving Eccentric Hip Adduction Strength (EHADS), leading to reducing the risk of groin pain and injury. This clinical trial aims to evaluate the effects of CAE on adductors strength, hip joint range of motion (ROM), and Patient-reported outcome measures among athletes with groin pain or injury.
The main question it aims to answer is:
Read more
Does the CAE improve EHAD strength, hip joint ROM, and patient-reported outcome measures among soccer players with groin pain or injury?
Researchers will assess the participants' pre and post-intervention to determine the effects of CAE on adductors strength, hip joint ROM, and Patient-reported outcome measures.
Read the detailed description
Study design: A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.
Researchers will allocate a specific number for each participant for randomization. Then, an online website will be applied to randomize these numbers into two groups, intervention and control groups. An independent person not involved in the study will allocate the participants using concealed opaque envelopes.
Study setting:
This study will be held at different physical therapy and rehabilitation clinic, ministry of health, Saudi Arabia
Recruitment and study population:
Participants will be recruited from physical therapy outpatient clinics in the South region.
Participants will be recruited and randomized into two groups, intervention (CAE) and control. Participants assigned to the intervention group will receive the CAE in addition to the regular physical therapy rehabilitation program for eight weeks. Due to the heaviness and the high dynamic demands of CAE, a modified progressive Copenhagen adduction (MPCA) program has been created. The MPCA was adapted from the original CAE to lessen the risk of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and facilitate high participant compliance.
Participants assigned to the control group will receive the same physical therapy rehabilitation program as the intervention group except for the CAE.
Time plan of the study:
Recruitment is expected to commence in January 2023 and conclude in April 2023. After completing the recruitment process, data will be collected for eight weeks. After the last inclusion, the intervention will continue for eight weeks.
Assessment:
An experienced physiotherapist, blinded to the study, will perform all assessments to guarantee that the tests are consistent and that the process is standardized. Assessments will be at baseline and post-intervention. The duration between the baseline assessment and the start of the intervention should not exceed two weeks. After the assessment, every participant will receive the proper group intervention according to his/her randomization. Participants will be told not to reveal their group assignments to the assessor during the study period.
Demographic variables and descriptive:
The investigators will document the following variables: age, sex, height, BMI, Sports level, duration of symptoms, and location of symptoms as recommended by the minimum reporting criteria for clinical research on groin pain in athletes.
Sample size estimation:
The sample size calculation for this study was performed using G*Power software (v. 3.1, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany), with an alpha level of 0.05 and a power (1-β) of 80%. Based on a previous study examining the effects of exercise therapy on adductor-related groin pain in athletes, it required 15 participants per group to detect an expected between-group difference of 0.15 Nm/kg and a standard deviation (SD) of 0.54 Nm/kg.
Statistical analysis:
All analyses will be performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 27. The study's findings will be presented following the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). Shapiro-Wilk test will be used to test for normality. The statistical analysis test will be carried out based on the collected data. Demographic data will be presented as mean and standard deviation. The suggested statistical analysis measure will be the repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), calculated for each dependent variable. Each repeated measure ANOVA will have one within factor (test: pre and post) and one between factor (group: training and control). Results will be significant at P value <0.05 and a Confidence Interval (CI) of 95%. A statistician will be consulted for further correction after data collection.
- Conditions
- Groin Injury
- Being tested
- Copenhagen adduction exercise, Usual rehabilitation program
- Keywords
- Copenhagen Adduction Exercise, Eccentric Hip Adduction Strength, Groin injury, groin pain, Soccer. athletes
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Copenhagen adduction exerciseOther
The CAE is a progressive eccentric training program that enhances hip adduction. The fact that exercises are done with a partner and do not require special equipment makes them more useful in a team setting. The MPCA program, adapted from the original CAE, included six progressive levels for eight weeks, beginning with an assisted isometric adduction hold (level 1) and progressing incrementally to a complete CAE as the original exercise (level 6). The progression in levels will depend on a pain score ≤ 4/10 numeric rating scale (NRS) in the adductor squeeze test and post-session DOMS score ≤ 4/10 NRS.
Usual rehabilitation programOther
The usual rehabilitation program will include leg swings extension/flexion, leg swings abduction/adduction, standing hip circles, isometric standing hip adduction using elastic bands, stretching exercises, balance training on a wobble board, and single leg coordination exercises. Difficulty and volume are progressing incrementally.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Copenhagen adduction exercise | Experimental | The CAE is a body-weight exercise that mainly works the groin and hip adductors. It has a significant eccentric component, meaning the muscles work while lengthening. The CAE is a simple isolated eccentric exercise that does not require special equipment. Due to the heaviness and the high dynamic demands of CAE, a modified progressive Copenhagen adduction (MPCA) program has been created. The MPCA exercise was adapted from the original CAE to lessen the risk of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and facilitate high participant compliance. An experienced physical therapist will include the MPCA in the usual rehabilitation program for eight weeks, twice weekly. Sessions will last between 30 and 120 minutes. Receives: Other: Copenhagen adduction exercise |
| Usual rehabilitation program | Active comparator | The rehabilitation program will be an active exercise based on the available literature and considers the clinical experience in managing groin injuries. An experienced physical therapist will supervise the rehabilitation program for two sessions weekly for eight weeks, with difficulty and volume progressing incrementally. Sessions will last between 30 and 120 minutes. Receives: Other: Usual rehabilitation program |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in eccentric hip adduction strength from baseline
A portable hand-held dynamometer (microFET2) will be used for the test. A blind physiotherapist will perform pre and post-testing. Each patient's affected leg will be tested. The examiner will position the hand-held dynamometer 5 cm proximal to the most prominent part of the medial malleolus. Eccentric hip adduction strength will be measured in a break test with the patient in a side-lying position, with the leg being tested in a straight position. The participant will perform a 3-5 second isometric maximum voluntary contraction against the dynamometer before the physiotherapist performs a contraction break to determine the eccentric hip adduction strength. The patient will complete one practice trial before three maximal tests are performed, with the best result recorded. The standardized command by the examiner will be "go ahead-push-push-push-push-push." Leg length will be used to calculate torque and be adjusted to body mass (Nm/kg).
Measured: At the end of the intervention sessions (8 weeks)
Change in hip joint range of motion measures from baseline
Hip joint ROM can be reliably assessed using a goniometer. The assessor will perform an internal and external hip joint range of motion testing with the subject supine and the hip and knee in 90 degrees of flexion pre-and post-testing will be performed. An assistant will be used to ensure that the hip and knee remain in their proper positions. The affected leg will be rotated to the maximum range of passive internal rotation (IR), external rotation (ER), and abduction movement (ABD). The standard goniometer will be used to make the measurements, and the testing period will be approximately ten minutes.
Measured: At the end of the intervention sessions (8 weeks)
Secondary outcomes (1)
Change in the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score
The Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) was created as a patient-reported outcome questionnaire, primarily targeting young-aged to middle-aged, physically active individuals with long-standing hip and groin pain. HAGOS, was existed for specifically assessing those reporting groin pain. The HAGOS comprises six subscales that assess pain, symptoms, physical function in daily life, physical function in sport and recreation, participation in physical activities, and hip and/or groin-related quality of life (QOL). Scores for each subscale range from 0 (extreme hip/groin problems) to 100 (no hip/groin problems). The Arabic version of HAGOS has been recommended for assessing symptoms, activity limitations, participation restrictions, and quality of life in physically active, young, middle-aged patients with hip and/or groin pain.
Measured: At the end of the intervention sessions (8 weeks)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted21 Oct 2022
- Study start15 Jan 2023
- Primary completion3 Apr 2023
- Study completion27 Apr 2023
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (11)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Groin InjuryStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Ahmed Alsirhani, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
- Investigators
- Qassim Muaidi, Professor, Study chair, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05589623
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- IRB-PGS-2023-03-011
- Status last verified
- Jul 2023
- First submitted
- 14 Oct 2022
- Last updated
- 6 Jul 2023
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Delahunt E, Thorborg K, Khan KM, Robinson P, Holmich P, Weir A. Minimum reporting standards for clinical research on groin pain in athletes. Br J Sports Med. 2015 Jun;49(12):775-81. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-094839.
PubMed 26031644Haroy J, Thorborg K, Serner A, Bjorkheim A, Rolstad LE, Holmich P, Bahr R, Andersen TE. Including the Copenhagen Adduction Exercise in the FIFA 11+ Provides Missing Eccentric Hip Adduction Strength Effect in Male Soccer Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Sports Med. 2017 Nov;45(13):3052-3059. doi: 10.1177/0363546517720194. Epub 2017 Aug 14.
PubMed 28806100Ishoi L, Sorensen CN, Kaae NM, Jorgensen LB, Holmich P, Serner A. Large eccentric strength increase using the Copenhagen Adduction exercise in football: A randomized controlled trial. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2016 Nov;26(11):1334-1342. doi: 10.1111/sms.12585. Epub 2015 Nov 21.
PubMed 26589483Jansen JA, Mens JM, Backx FJ, Kolfschoten N, Stam HJ. Treatment of longstanding groin pain in athletes: a systematic review. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2008 Jun;18(3):263-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2008.00790.x. Epub 2008 Apr 6.
PubMed 18397195Mosler AB, Crossley KM, Thorborg K, Whiteley RJ, Weir A, Serner A, Holmich P. Hip strength and range of motion: Normal values from a professional football league. J Sci Med Sport. 2017 Apr;20(4):339-343. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2016.05.010. Epub 2016 Aug 23.
PubMed 28185809Serner A, Jakobsen MD, Andersen LL, Holmich P, Sundstrup E, Thorborg K. EMG evaluation of hip adduction exercises for soccer players: implications for exercise selection in prevention and treatment of groin injuries. Br J Sports Med. 2014 Jul;48(14):1108-14. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2012-091746. Epub 2013 Mar 19.
PubMed 23511698Thorborg K, Holmich P, Christensen R, Petersen J, Roos EM. The Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS): development and validation according to the COSMIN checklist. Br J Sports Med. 2011 May;45(6):478-91. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2010.080937.
PubMed 21478502Thorborg K, Tijssen M, Habets B, Bartels EM, Roos EM, Kemp J, Crossley KM, Holmich P. Patient-Reported Outcome (PRO) questionnaires for young to middle-aged adults with hip and groin disability: a systematic review of the clinimetric evidence. Br J Sports Med. 2015 Jun;49(12):812. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-094224. Epub 2015 Jan 13.
PubMed 25586913Nussbaumer S, Leunig M, Glatthorn JF, Stauffacher S, Gerber H, Maffiuletti NA. Validity and test-retest reliability of manual goniometers for measuring passive hip range of motion in femoroacetabular impingement patients. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2010 Aug 31;11:194. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-11-194.
PubMed 20807405Holmich P, Uhrskou P, Ulnits L, Kanstrup IL, Nielsen MB, Bjerg AM, Krogsgaard K. Effectiveness of active physical training as treatment for long-standing adductor-related groin pain in athletes: randomised trial. Lancet. 1999 Feb 6;353(9151):439-43. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)03340-6.
PubMed 9989713Alsirhani AA, Muaidi QI, Nuhmani S, Thorborg K, Husain MA, Al Attar WSA. The effectiveness of the Copenhagen adduction exercise on improving eccentric hip adduction strength among soccer players with groin injury: a randomized controlled trial. Phys Sportsmed. 2024 Oct;52(5):497-506. doi: 10.1080/00913847.2024.2321958. Epub 2024 Mar 1.
PubMed 38376593
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 6 Jul 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Adding the Copenhagen Adductor Exercise to Standard Groin Injury Rehabilitation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05589623
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- IRB-PGS-2023-03-011
- Conditions
- Groin Injury
- Keywords
- Copenhagen Adduction Exercise, Eccentric Hip Adduction Strength, Groin injury, groin pain, Soccer. athletes
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Jan 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 3 Apr 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 27 Apr 2023 (actual)
- First posted
- 21 Oct 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Groin injuries are among the three most common and time-consuming injuries in soccer, accounting for 19% of all injuries, with 0.1-2.1 injuries per 1000 hours of play. The Copenhagen Adduction Exercise (CAE) has been showing promising results in improving Eccentric Hip Adduction Strength (EHADS), leading to reducing the risk of groin pain and injury. This clinical trial aims to evaluate the effects of CAE on adductors strength, hip joint range of motion (ROM), and Patient-reported outcome measures among athletes with groin pain or injury.
The main question it aims to answer is:
Does the CAE improve EHAD strength, hip joint ROM, and patient-reported outcome measures among soccer players with groin pain or injury?
Researchers will assess the participants' pre and post-intervention to determine the effects of CAE on adductors strength, hip joint ROM, and Patient-reported outcome measures.
Detailed description
Study design: A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.
Researchers will allocate a specific number for each participant for randomization. Then, an online website will be applied to randomize these numbers into two groups, intervention and control groups. An independent person not involved in the study will allocate the participants using concealed opaque envelopes.
Study setting:
This study will be held at different physical therapy and rehabilitation clinic, ministry of health, Saudi Arabia
Recruitment and study population:
Participants will be recruited from physical therapy outpatient clinics in the South region.
Participants will be recruited and randomized into two groups, intervention (CAE) and control. Participants assigned to the intervention group will receive the CAE in addition to the regular physical therapy rehabilitation program for eight weeks. Due to the heaviness and the high dynamic demands of CAE, a modified progressive Copenhagen adduction (MPCA) program has been created. The MPCA was adapted from the original CAE to lessen the risk of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and facilitate high participant compliance.
Participants assigned to the control group will receive the same physical therapy rehabilitation program as the intervention group except for the CAE.
Time plan of the study:
Recruitment is expected to commence in January 2023 and conclude in April 2023. After completing the recruitment process, data will be collected for eight weeks. After the last inclusion, the intervention will continue for eight weeks.
Assessment:
An experienced physiotherapist, blinded to the study, will perform all assessments to guarantee that the tests are consistent and that the process is standardized. Assessments will be at baseline and post-intervention. The duration between the baseline assessment and the start of the intervention should not exceed two weeks. After the assessment, every participant will receive the proper group intervention according to his/her randomization. Participants will be told not to reveal their group assignments to the assessor during the study period.
Demographic variables and descriptive:
The investigators will document the following variables: age, sex, height, BMI, Sports level, duration of symptoms, and location of symptoms as recommended by the minimum reporting criteria for clinical research on groin pain in athletes.
Sample size estimation:
The sample size calculation for this study was performed using G*Power software (v. 3.1, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany), with an alpha level of 0.05 and a power (1-β) of 80%. Based on a previous study examining the effects of exercise therapy on adductor-related groin pain in athletes, it required 15 participants per group to detect an expected between-group difference of 0.15 Nm/kg and a standard deviation (SD) of 0.54 Nm/kg.
Statistical analysis:
All analyses will be performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 27. The study's findings will be presented following the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). Shapiro-Wilk test will be used to test for normality. The statistical analysis test will be carried out based on the collected data. Demographic data will be presented as mean and standard deviation. The suggested statistical analysis measure will be the repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), calculated for each dependent variable. Each repeated measure ANOVA will have one within factor (test: pre and post) and one between factor (group: training and control). Results will be significant at P value <0.05 and a Confidence Interval (CI) of 95%. A statistician will be consulted for further correction after data collection.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Copenhagen adduction exercise | Experimental | Other: Copenhagen adduction exerciseThe CAE is a body-weight exercise that mainly works the groin and hip adductors. It has a significant eccentric component, meaning the muscles work while lengthening. The CAE is a simple isolated eccentric exercise that does not require special equipment. Due to the heaviness and the high dynamic demands of CAE, a modified progressive Copenhagen adduction (MPCA) program has been created. The MPCA exercise was adapted from the original CAE to lessen the risk of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and facilitate high participant compliance. An experienced physical therapist will include the MPCA in the usual rehabilitation program for eight weeks, twice weekly. Sessions will last between 30 and 120 minutes. |
| Usual rehabilitation program | Active comparator | Other: Usual rehabilitation programThe rehabilitation program will be an active exercise based on the available literature and considers the clinical experience in managing groin injuries. An experienced physical therapist will supervise the rehabilitation program for two sessions weekly for eight weeks, with difficulty and volume progressing incrementally. Sessions will last between 30 and 120 minutes. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 40 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Soccer players aged between 18 to 40 years.
- They have groin pain or injury within two months during sports.
- Pain or tenderness on palpation of adductors in clinical examination.
- Pain on resisted hip adduction movement in clinical examination.
- Desire to continue the sport at the same level.
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Groin pain or injury not involving the adductors on clinical examination.
- They have any clinical finding indications of femoral or inguinal hernia.
- Evidence of prostatitis, chronic urinary tract disease.
- Evidence of hip joint osteoarthritis or hip joint disease.
- Bursitis of the hip or groin region.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Copenhagen adduction exerciseThe CAE is a progressive eccentric training program that enhances hip adduction. The fact that exercises are done with a partner and do not require special equipment makes them more useful in a team setting. The MPCA program, adapted from the original CAE, included six progressive levels for eight weeks, beginning with an assisted isometric adduction hold (level 1) and progressing incrementally to a complete CAE as the original exercise (level 6). The progression in levels will depend on a pain score ≤ 4/10 numeric rating scale (NRS) in the adductor squeeze test and post-session DOMS score ≤ 4/10 NRS. | Other | Copenhagen adduction exercise |
| Usual rehabilitation programThe usual rehabilitation program will include leg swings extension/flexion, leg swings abduction/adduction, standing hip circles, isometric standing hip adduction using elastic bands, stretching exercises, balance training on a wobble board, and single leg coordination exercises. Difficulty and volume are progressing incrementally. | Other | Usual rehabilitation program |
Primary outcome
Change in eccentric hip adduction strength from baseline
Time frame: At the end of the intervention sessions (8 weeks)
A portable hand-held dynamometer (microFET2) will be used for the test. A blind physiotherapist will perform pre and post-testing. Each patient's affected leg will be tested. The examiner will position the hand-held dynamometer 5 cm proximal to the most prominent part of the medial malleolus. Eccentric hip adduction strength will be measured in a break test with the patient in a side-lying position, with the leg being tested in a straight position. The participant will perform a 3-5 second isometric maximum voluntary contraction against the dynamometer before the physiotherapist performs a contraction break to determine the eccentric hip adduction strength. The patient will complete one practice trial before three maximal tests are performed, with the best result recorded. The standardized command by the examiner will be "go ahead-push-push-push-push-push." Leg length will be used to calculate torque and be adjusted to body mass (Nm/kg).
Change in hip joint range of motion measures from baseline
Time frame: At the end of the intervention sessions (8 weeks)
Hip joint ROM can be reliably assessed using a goniometer. The assessor will perform an internal and external hip joint range of motion testing with the subject supine and the hip and knee in 90 degrees of flexion pre-and post-testing will be performed. An assistant will be used to ensure that the hip and knee remain in their proper positions. The affected leg will be rotated to the maximum range of passive internal rotation (IR), external rotation (ER), and abduction movement (ABD). The standard goniometer will be used to make the measurements, and the testing period will be approximately ten minutes.
1 secondary outcome
Change in the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score
Time frame: At the end of the intervention sessions (8 weeks)
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 6 Jul 2023.
- Background: PubMed 26031644Delahunt E, Thorborg K, Khan KM, Robinson P, Holmich P, Weir A. Minimum reporting standards for clinical research on groin pain in athletes. Br J Sports Med. 2015 Jun;49(12):775-81. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-094839.
- Background: PubMed 28806100Haroy J, Thorborg K, Serner A, Bjorkheim A, Rolstad LE, Holmich P, Bahr R, Andersen TE. Including the Copenhagen Adduction Exercise in the FIFA 11+ Provides Missing Eccentric Hip Adduction Strength Effect in Male Soccer Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Sports Med. 2017 Nov;45(13):3052-3059. doi: 10.1177/0363546517720194. Epub 2017 Aug 14.
- Background: PubMed 26589483Ishoi L, Sorensen CN, Kaae NM, Jorgensen LB, Holmich P, Serner A. Large eccentric strength increase using the Copenhagen Adduction exercise in football: A randomized controlled trial. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2016 Nov;26(11):1334-1342. doi: 10.1111/sms.12585. Epub 2015 Nov 21.
- Background: PubMed 18397195Jansen JA, Mens JM, Backx FJ, Kolfschoten N, Stam HJ. Treatment of longstanding groin pain in athletes: a systematic review. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2008 Jun;18(3):263-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2008.00790.x. Epub 2008 Apr 6.
- Background: PubMed 28185809Mosler AB, Crossley KM, Thorborg K, Whiteley RJ, Weir A, Serner A, Holmich P. Hip strength and range of motion: Normal values from a professional football league. J Sci Med Sport. 2017 Apr;20(4):339-343. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2016.05.010. Epub 2016 Aug 23.
- Background: PubMed 23511698Serner A, Jakobsen MD, Andersen LL, Holmich P, Sundstrup E, Thorborg K. EMG evaluation of hip adduction exercises for soccer players: implications for exercise selection in prevention and treatment of groin injuries. Br J Sports Med. 2014 Jul;48(14):1108-14. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2012-091746. Epub 2013 Mar 19.
- Background: PubMed 21478502Thorborg K, Holmich P, Christensen R, Petersen J, Roos EM. The Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS): development and validation according to the COSMIN checklist. Br J Sports Med. 2011 May;45(6):478-91. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2010.080937.
- Background: PubMed 25586913Thorborg K, Tijssen M, Habets B, Bartels EM, Roos EM, Kemp J, Crossley KM, Holmich P. Patient-Reported Outcome (PRO) questionnaires for young to middle-aged adults with hip and groin disability: a systematic review of the clinimetric evidence. Br J Sports Med. 2015 Jun;49(12):812. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-094224. Epub 2015 Jan 13.
- Background: PubMed 20807405Nussbaumer S, Leunig M, Glatthorn JF, Stauffacher S, Gerber H, Maffiuletti NA. Validity and test-retest reliability of manual goniometers for measuring passive hip range of motion in femoroacetabular impingement patients. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2010 Aug 31;11:194. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-11-194.
- Background: PubMed 9989713Holmich P, Uhrskou P, Ulnits L, Kanstrup IL, Nielsen MB, Bjerg AM, Krogsgaard K. Effectiveness of active physical training as treatment for long-standing adductor-related groin pain in athletes: randomised trial. Lancet. 1999 Feb 6;353(9151):439-43. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)03340-6.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 38376593Alsirhani AA, Muaidi QI, Nuhmani S, Thorborg K, Husain MA, Al Attar WSA. The effectiveness of the Copenhagen adduction exercise on improving eccentric hip adduction strength among soccer players with groin injury: a randomized controlled trial. Phys Sportsmed. 2024 Oct;52(5):497-506. doi: 10.1080/00913847.2024.2321958. Epub 2024 Mar 1.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Vascular Diseases
Not yet recruiting
Intraoperative Application of Cold Atmospheric Plasma to Prevent Postoperative Wound Complications in the Inguinal Region of High-risk Patients With Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease
Peripheral Occlusive Disease, Wound Healing
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Qassim Muaidi, Professor study chair
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Copenhagen adduction exercise and Usual rehabilitation program in people with Groin Injury, run by Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University at 1 site in Saudi Arabia.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 6 Jul 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Saudi Arabia. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in eccentric hip adduction strength from baseline (time frame: At the end of the intervention sessions (8 weeks)). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05589623, which also lists 11 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 6 Jul 2023.