SurgeryEPeCSNCT05560815
Epidemiology of Perioperative Care in Sweden
An observational study of Surgery, run by Linkoeping University at 1 site in Sweden.
Trial summary
The Epidemiology of Perioperative Care in Sweden (EPeCS) study is a registry-based, retrospective extensive analysis of the whole adult (≥18 years) surgical population in Sweden during six full years, 1 January 2015 - 31 December 2020. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Surgery
- What is being tested?
- Any surgical procedure
- Type of treatment
- Surgery or procedure
- How many people
- 1,500,000 participants
- Where
- 1 siteSweden
- Study dates
- 1 Jan 2022to Dec 2027
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: All adult (≥18 years) patients that have undergone any type of surgical procedure during 1 Jan 2015 - 31 Dec 2020 and are registered in the Swedish Perioperative Registry (SPOR).
Who may be able to join
- Underwent any surgical procedure in Sweden during the time period 1 Jan 2015 - 31 Dec 2020
- Registered in the Swedish Perioperative Registry (SPOR)
- ≥18 years of age
- Swedish social security number (to enable follow-up)
Who cannot join
- incorrect social security number
- incomplete mortality data
- the patient has chosen to opt-out of the register
- The first two exclusion criteria are applied because they prevent correct follow-up of the primary outcome measure (mortality)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Sweden1 site
Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Linkoeping University Hospital
Linköping, Östergötland County, 50185
About this study
Official title: EPeCS - Epidemiology of Perioperative Care in Sweden 2015-2020
The Epidemiology of Perioperative Care in Sweden (EPeCS) study is a registry-based, retrospective extensive analysis of the whole adult (≥18 years) surgical population in Sweden during six full years, 1 January 2015 - 31 December 2020. Patients are retrieved from the Swedish Perioperative Registry (SPOR) which has full national coverage of public healthcare.
The study aspire to integrate pre-, peri- and postoperative components of the whole perioperative process as well as process, patient, anaesthesia and surgical factors. This allows for careful risk-adjustment and is a major strength of the project. This will require cross-matching data from several national quality registries.
Read more
EPeCS will serve as a database to be used as the foundation for several substudies that are to be conducted (10 at the present moment). Specific study focuses and aims are described in the "Detailed Description" section below.
The present study aims to provide a comprehensive audit of the surgical population in Sweden, and to identify factors that are of importance for outcome. The investigators aim to identify factors that will allow a better prediction of outcome, if they are modifiable, and if they are different for different lengths of follow-up. The ultimate goal is to provide hypotheses for directed therapies (eg. different types of anaesthesia), processes (eg. designated around-the-clock hip-fracture surgical teams), postoperative care (eg. extended PACU care instead of intensive care) in order to decrease suffering and increase cost-efficacy in Swedish healthcare.
Read the detailed description
Specific aim for each substudy:
- Epidemiology of Perioperative Care in Sweden
- Risk factors for mortality after acute hip fracture surgery
- Healthcare need after surgery
- outcomes after urgent and emergency surgery
- impact of socioeconomic status
- impact of university hospital status
- effect of body mass index (BMI)
- effect of post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) stay
- incidence and outcomes of Perioperative Cardiac Arrest (PO-CA)
All these 9 specific areas have knowledge gaps regarding perioperative care.
Although there are 9 specific aims in this project, the same dataset (or parts thereof) from SPOR will be used for all substudies. The investigators will include all adult patients (≥18 years) undergoing any surgical procedure, except for the substudies where specific populations are prespecified, which are substudy 2: hip fracture surgery; substudy 4: urgent and emergency procedures; substudies 5,6 and 10: elective procedures with planned overnight stay; substudies 7 and 8: large joint surgery (hip and knee replacements), acute hip fracture surgery, colectomy, mastectomy, transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P) and prostatectomy.
Outcome measures might also differ between substudies.
National Quality Registries that will provide data for EPeCS, presented as "register (registry holder)":
- Swedish Perioperative Registry, SPOR (Uppsala Clinical Research Centre, UCR)
- Longitudinal integrated database for health insurance and labour market studies, LISA (Statistics Sweden)
- Swedish National Inpatient Register (the National Board of Health and Welfare)
- Swedish National Outpatient Register (the National Board of Health and Welfare)
- Swedish Drug Register (the National Board of Health and Welfare)
- Swedish Cause of death Register (the National Board of Health and Welfare)
The impetus for this project comes from the realization that surgery is not just a discrete event - it is part of a continuum of a larger journey of illness and health. The investigators hope to gain a comprehensive understanding of those patients who are at risk of poor outcome, their risk of death and burden of healthcare need after surgery.
Additional substudies might emerge.
- Conditions
- Surgery
- Being tested
- Any surgical procedure
- Keywords
- Epidemiological study, Adverse effects, Operative surgical procedures, Perioperative process, Risk factors, Mortality, Postoperative complications
- Medical subject headings
- Postoperative Complications
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Any surgical procedureProcedure or surgery
Might differ for substudies.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| The Swedish surgical population | All adult patients (≥18 years) undergoing any surgical procedure registered in SPOR during 1 January 2015 - 31 December 2020. Receives: Procedure: Any surgical procedure |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
30-day mortality
all cause
Measured: Mortality up to 30 days post-surgery
90-day mortality
all cause
Measured: Mortality up to 90 days post-surgery
One-year mortality
all cause
Measured: Mortality up to one year post-surgery
Two-year mortality
all cause
Measured: Mortality up to two years post-surgery
Survival at longest follow-up
Survival rate through study completion, an average of 3 years
Measured: Longest possible follow-up post-surgery
Secondary outcomes (4)
Postoperative complications
Any new ICD10-SE code specified in SPOR
Measured: 30 days (short-term) and one year (long-term) post-surgery, respectively
Healthcare need
Number of primary care visits
Measured: Two years post-surgery
Critical Care need
Admission to a critical care unit after surgery
Measured: 30 days post-surgery
Hospital readmission
Readmission to hospital care after discharge
Measured: 30 days post-surgery
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted29 Sep 2022
- Study start1 Jan 2022
- Primary completion1 Feb 2023
- Study completionDec 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for SurgeryStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Linkoeping UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Retrospective
- Enrolment
- 1,500,000 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Linkoeping University
- Sponsor type
- Other government
- Collaborators
- Region Östergötland
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Rasmus Åhman, Linkoeping University
- Investigators
- Michelle S Chew, MD, PhD, Study chair, Linkoeping UniversityRasmus Åhman, MD, Principal investigator, Linkoeping University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05560815
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- EPeCS - ANOPIVA
- Acronym
- EPeCS
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 22 Sep 2022
- Last updated
- 26 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 26 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- EPeCS - Epidemiology of Perioperative Care in Sweden 2015-2020
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05560815
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- EPeCS / EPeCS - ANOPIVA
- Conditions
- Surgery
- Keywords
- Epidemiological study, Adverse effects, Operative surgical procedures, Perioperative process, Risk factors, Mortality, Postoperative complications
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Active, not recruiting
- Enrolment
- 1,500,000 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Linkoeping UniversityOther government
- Collaborators
- Region Östergötland
- Study start
- 1 Jan 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Feb 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- Dec 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 29 Sep 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The Epidemiology of Perioperative Care in Sweden (EPeCS) study is a registry-based, retrospective extensive analysis of the whole adult (≥18 years) surgical population in Sweden during six full years, 1 January 2015 - 31 December 2020. Patients are retrieved from the Swedish Perioperative Registry (SPOR) which has full national coverage of public healthcare.
The study aspire to integrate pre-, peri- and postoperative components of the whole perioperative process as well as process, patient, anaesthesia and surgical factors. This allows for careful risk-adjustment and is a major strength of the project. This will require cross-matching data from several national quality registries.
EPeCS will serve as a database to be used as the foundation for several substudies that are to be conducted (10 at the present moment). Specific study focuses and aims are described in the "Detailed Description" section below.
The present study aims to provide a comprehensive audit of the surgical population in Sweden, and to identify factors that are of importance for outcome. The investigators aim to identify factors that will allow a better prediction of outcome, if they are modifiable, and if they are different for different lengths of follow-up. The ultimate goal is to provide hypotheses for directed therapies (eg. different types of anaesthesia), processes (eg. designated around-the-clock hip-fracture surgical teams), postoperative care (eg. extended PACU care instead of intensive care) in order to decrease suffering and increase cost-efficacy in Swedish healthcare.
Detailed description
Specific aim for each substudy:
- Epidemiology of Perioperative Care in Sweden
- Risk factors for mortality after acute hip fracture surgery
- Healthcare need after surgery
- outcomes after urgent and emergency surgery
- impact of socioeconomic status
- impact of university hospital status
- effect of body mass index (BMI)
- effect of post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) stay
- incidence and outcomes of Perioperative Cardiac Arrest (PO-CA)
All these 9 specific areas have knowledge gaps regarding perioperative care.
Although there are 9 specific aims in this project, the same dataset (or parts thereof) from SPOR will be used for all substudies. The investigators will include all adult patients (≥18 years) undergoing any surgical procedure, except for the substudies where specific populations are prespecified, which are substudy 2: hip fracture surgery; substudy 4: urgent and emergency procedures; substudies 5,6 and 10: elective procedures with planned overnight stay; substudies 7 and 8: large joint surgery (hip and knee replacements), acute hip fracture surgery, colectomy, mastectomy, transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P) and prostatectomy.
Outcome measures might also differ between substudies.
National Quality Registries that will provide data for EPeCS, presented as "register (registry holder)":
- Swedish Perioperative Registry, SPOR (Uppsala Clinical Research Centre, UCR)
- Longitudinal integrated database for health insurance and labour market studies, LISA (Statistics Sweden)
- Swedish National Inpatient Register (the National Board of Health and Welfare)
- Swedish National Outpatient Register (the National Board of Health and Welfare)
- Swedish Drug Register (the National Board of Health and Welfare)
- Swedish Cause of death Register (the National Board of Health and Welfare)
The impetus for this project comes from the realization that surgery is not just a discrete event - it is part of a continuum of a larger journey of illness and health. The investigators hope to gain a comprehensive understanding of those patients who are at risk of poor outcome, their risk of death and burden of healthcare need after surgery.
Additional substudies might emerge.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Retrospective
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| The Swedish surgical population | – | Procedure: Any surgical procedureAll adult patients (≥18 years) undergoing any surgical procedure registered in SPOR during 1 January 2015 - 31 December 2020. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- All adult (≥18 years) patients that have undergone any type of surgical procedure during 1 Jan 2015 - 31 Dec 2020 and are registered in the Swedish Perioperative Registry (SPOR).
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Underwent any surgical procedure in Sweden during the time period 1 Jan 2015 - 31 Dec 2020
- Registered in the Swedish Perioperative Registry (SPOR)
- ≥18 years of age
- Swedish social security number (to enable follow-up)
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- incorrect social security number
- incomplete mortality data
- the patient has chosen to opt-out of the register
- The first two exclusion criteria are applied because they prevent correct follow-up of the primary outcome measure (mortality)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Any surgical procedureMight differ for substudies. | Procedure or surgery | The Swedish surgical population |
Primary outcome
30-day mortality
Time frame: Mortality up to 30 days post-surgery
all cause
90-day mortality
Time frame: Mortality up to 90 days post-surgery
all cause
One-year mortality
Time frame: Mortality up to one year post-surgery
all cause
Two-year mortality
Time frame: Mortality up to two years post-surgery
all cause
Survival at longest follow-up
Time frame: Longest possible follow-up post-surgery
Survival rate through study completion, an average of 3 years
4 secondary outcomes
Postoperative complications
Time frame: 30 days (short-term) and one year (long-term) post-surgery, respectively
Healthcare need
Time frame: Two years post-surgery
Critical Care need
Time frame: 30 days post-surgery
Hospital readmission
Time frame: 30 days post-surgery
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 26 Aug 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Michelle S Chew, MD, PhD study chair
Linkoeping University
Rasmus Åhman, MD principal investigator
Linkoeping University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Surgery, run by Linkoeping University at 1 site in Sweden.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: under way, not looking for participants, as of the sponsor's last update on 26 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Sweden. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
30-day mortality (time frame: Mortality up to 30 days post-surgery). The study lists 5 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 26 Aug 2026.