Exercise TrainingTraDeRe2022NCT05553769
Resistance Training, Detraining, and Retraining Study 2022
A study testing Resistance training, detraining, retraining in people with Exercise Training and Skeletal Muscle, run by University of Jyvaskyla at 1 site in Finland.
Trial summary
The research project is aiming to examine the muscular adaptations to resistance training (RT), detraining (DT) and repeated RT (i.e. retraining). The research project will also examine differences in muscular adaptations between 20 weeks of continuous RT and 20 weeks of intermittent RT including a 10-week DT period… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 40 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Exercise Training, Skeletal Muscle, Skeletal Muscle Atrophy
- What is being tested?
- Resistance training, detraining, retraining
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 42 participants
- Where
- 1 siteFinland
- Study dates
- 1 Mar 2022to 31 Dec 2022
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 40 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- No regular resistance training history
- BMI within range 18.5-30 kg/m2
- Participants must be 18-40 years old
- No history in systematic endurance-type training (> 2 endurance exercise sessions lasting > 30 minutes per week for the last six months)
- non-smoker
- not currently consuming any anti-inflammatory drug(s)
Who cannot join
- history of medication that could affect exercise responses
- use of nutritional supplements aside from those that are protein- or carbohydrate-based (ex. creatine) or basic minerals, vitamins, or fish oil products
- any acute or chronic illness affecting cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal and/or endocrine function
- any other condition that may limit the ability to perform resistance training and testing (ex. uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes, arthritic conditions, neuromuscular complications)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Physiological Adaptations to Resistance Training, Detraining, and Retraining in Young Healthy Males and Females
The research project is aiming to examine the muscular adaptations to resistance training (RT), detraining (DT) and repeated RT (i.e. retraining). The research project will also examine differences in muscular adaptations between 20 weeks of continuous RT and 20 weeks of intermittent RT including a 10-week DT period in the middle of the training intervention. This is randomized controlled trial in which the research participants will be randomized into discontinuous and continuous groups (both n=~20). Both will be doing a 2-3-week familiarization and control period at the start. Then in the former there will be an initial strength training period (10-wks), a DT period (10-wks), and a second strength training (retraining) period (10-wks). The second group includes a 10-wk non-training control period (10-wks) followed by a RT period (20-wks). Participants will be young, healthy men and women (age 18-35, which 50% are females) with no systematic RT experience during the last 6 months. Measurements will be completed before and after each study period. Body composition will be measured via bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and 3D body scans. Dynamic leg press and elbow flexion one repetition-maximum (1RM) will be used to test maximal strength. Anaerobic performance and strength endurance will be tested in elbow flexion and dynamic leg press using RM tests. Vastus lateralis (VL) and biceps brachii muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) will be assessed via ultrasound. Muscle biopsies of the VL muscle will be obtained to assess changes in muscle fiber morphology and factors regulating and associated with the hypertrophic processes and metabolism. Blood samples will be collected to analyze changes in metabolism and physiology. A rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during training will be collected after every exercise to ensure proper training intensity. Finally, nutrition and habitual physical activity will be assessed with 4-day diet diaries and physical activity questionnaires before the intervention and during each 10-week period.
Read the detailed description
It is well known that RT increases skeletal muscle size and strength. However, there seems to be a difference in increases in muscle size (termed hypertrophy) and strength in upper and lower limb musculature in untrained population after RT. Moreover, there is large inter-individual variation in the adaptations gained through RT. Also at the moment, the responses to de- and retraining are not well known, and new research designs for investigating possible muscle memory are needed. Muscle mass and strength, once achieved with RT, can be obtained faster with subsequent retraining if the initial adaptations were lost due to inactivity. RT causes many molecular and cellular changes in myofibers that aid in hypertrophic processes, yet their adaptations to DT and contribution to muscle memory are still marginally researched. It is, therefore, essential to widen our knowledge about the permanence of physiological adaptations in skeletal muscle to periods of DT and repeated exposure to RT.
The primary objectives to achieve by this project are:
- to determine the magnitude of 10-week RT period on upper and lower limb maximal dynamic strength and muscle size compared to the non-training control group
- to determine whether the responses to 20-week continuous RT differs in adaptations in maximal strength and muscle hypertrophy from two 10-week RT periods separated by a 10-week detraining period
- to identify molecular and cellular biomarkers explaining responses to RT, detraining and retraining
- Conditions
- Exercise Training, Skeletal Muscle, Skeletal Muscle Atrophy
- Being tested
- Resistance training, detraining, retraining
- Medical subject headings
- Muscular Atrophy
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Resistance training, detraining, retrainingOther
Participants (healthy untrained men and women, age 18-40) start with a 3-week familiarization and baseline measurement period. After that, they are randomized to two intervention groups, where other group will conduct 10-week RT intervention and a 10-week DT period and again the exact same 10-week RT intervention again whereas the other group start with a 10-week non-training period and then continues with a 20-week RT intervention. RT consists of two training sessions per week of total body workouts. Same measurements are conducted for both groups with the same time intervals.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| 10 week training, 10 week detraining, 10 week retraining | Experimental | Participants (healthy untrained men and women, age 18-40) will conduct 10-week RT intervention and a 10-week DT period and the exact same 10-week RT intervention again. RT consists of two training sessions per week of total body workouts. Receives: Other: Resistance training, detraining, retraining |
| 10 week non-training, 20 week continuous training | Experimental | Participants (healthy untrained men and women, age 18-40) start with a 10-week non-training period and then continues with a 20-week RT intervention. RT consists of two training sessions per week of total body workouts. Receives: Other: Resistance training, detraining, retraining |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in upper and lower limb maximal strength after 10-week RT
Maximal muscle strength will be assessed via one repetition maximum (1RM) tests of both the leg press and barbell biceps curl exercises according to the NSCA's guidelines.
Measured: week -2, week 0, week 10
Secondary outcomes (7)
Change in muscular performance after 20-week continuous RT period and two 10-week RT periods separated by a 10-week DT period
Change in 1 repetition maximum and 10 repetition maximum tests in dynamic leg press and biceps curl exercises, maximal force in isometric knee extension test, and flight time in countermovement jump.
Measured: week -2, week 0, week 10, week 20, week 30
Change in upper and lower limb muscle CSA after 10-week RT period
Vastus lateralis and biceps brachii muscle cross-sectional area (mm2) and thickness (mm) at the mid-limb will be assessed using a B-mode axial plane ultrasound (model SSD-α10, Aloka, Tokyo, Japan) with a 10 MHz linear-array probe (60 mm width) in extended-field-of-view mode (23 Hz sampling frequency).
Measured: week -2, week 0, week 10
Change in upper and lower limb muscle CSA after 20-week continuous RT period and two 10-week RT periods separated by a 10-week DT period
Vastus lateralis and biceps brachii muscle cross-sectional area (mm2) and thickness (mm) at the mid-limb will be assessed using a B-mode axial plane ultrasound (see above).
Measured: week 0, week 10, week 20, week 30
Changes in muscle fiber size during the intervention period
Vastus lateralis muscle biopsy
Measured: week 0, week 10, week 20, week 30
Change in lean mass during the intervention period
BIA (InBody 770, Biospace Co. Seoul, Korea) method will be utilized to estimate changes in lean mass (kg).
Measured: week -2, week 0, week 10, week 20, week 30
Change in fat mass during the intervention period
BIA (InBody 770, Biospace Co. Seoul, Korea) method will be utilized to estimate changes in fat mass (kg).
Measured: week 0, week 10, week 20, week 30
Change in body segment volumes during the intervention period
3Dscanning (Fit3D, USA) will be used to estimate upper and lower limb body segment volumes (cm3).
Measured: week 0, week 10, week 20, week 30
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted23 Sep 2022
- Study start1 Mar 2022
- Primary completion31 Dec 2022
- Study completion31 Dec 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (2)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Exercise TrainingStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Participants (healthy untrained men and women, age 18-40) start with a 3-week familiarization and baseline measurement period. After that, they are randomized to two intervention groups, where other group will conduct 10-week RT intervention and a 10-week DT period and again the exact same 10-week RT intervention again whereas the other group start with a 10-week non-training period and then continues with a 20-week RT intervention. RT consists of two training sessions per week of total body workouts. Same measurements are conducted for both groups with the same time intervals.
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 42 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Jyvaskyla
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05553769
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- TraDeRe2022
- Acronym
- TraDeRe2022
- Status last verified
- Apr 2024
- First submitted
- 2 Mar 2022
- Last updated
- 10 Apr 2024
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Hulmi JJ, Halonen EJ, Sharples AP, O'Connell TM, Kuikka L, Lappi VM, Salokas K, Keskitalo S, Varjosalo M, Ahtiainen JP. Human skeletal muscle possesses both reversible proteomic signatures and a retained proteomic memory after repeated resistance training. J Physiol. 2025 May;603(9):2655-2673. doi: 10.1113/JP288104. Epub 2025 Apr 4.
PubMed 40183698Halonen EJ, Gabriel I, Kelahaara MM, Ahtiainen JP, Hulmi JJ. Does Taking a Break Matter-Adaptations in Muscle Strength and Size Between Continuous and Periodic Resistance Training. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2024 Oct;34(10):e14739. doi: 10.1111/sms.14739.
PubMed 39364857
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 10 Apr 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Physiological Adaptations to Resistance Training, Detraining, and Retraining in Young Healthy Males and Females
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05553769
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- TraDeRe2022 / TraDeRe2022
- Conditions
- Exercise Training, Skeletal Muscle, Skeletal Muscle Atrophy
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 42 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of JyvaskylaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Mar 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Dec 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Dec 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 23 Sep 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The research project is aiming to examine the muscular adaptations to resistance training (RT), detraining (DT) and repeated RT (i.e. retraining). The research project will also examine differences in muscular adaptations between 20 weeks of continuous RT and 20 weeks of intermittent RT including a 10-week DT period in the middle of the training intervention. This is randomized controlled trial in which the research participants will be randomized into discontinuous and continuous groups (both n=~20). Both will be doing a 2-3-week familiarization and control period at the start. Then in the former there will be an initial strength training period (10-wks), a DT period (10-wks), and a second strength training (retraining) period (10-wks). The second group includes a 10-wk non-training control period (10-wks) followed by a RT period (20-wks). Participants will be young, healthy men and women (age 18-35, which 50% are females) with no systematic RT experience during the last 6 months. Measurements will be completed before and after each study period. Body composition will be measured via bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and 3D body scans. Dynamic leg press and elbow flexion one repetition-maximum (1RM) will be used to test maximal strength. Anaerobic performance and strength endurance will be tested in elbow flexion and dynamic leg press using RM tests. Vastus lateralis (VL) and biceps brachii muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) will be assessed via ultrasound. Muscle biopsies of the VL muscle will be obtained to assess changes in muscle fiber morphology and factors regulating and associated with the hypertrophic processes and metabolism. Blood samples will be collected to analyze changes in metabolism and physiology. A rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during training will be collected after every exercise to ensure proper training intensity. Finally, nutrition and habitual physical activity will be assessed with 4-day diet diaries and physical activity questionnaires before the intervention and during each 10-week period.
Detailed description
It is well known that RT increases skeletal muscle size and strength. However, there seems to be a difference in increases in muscle size (termed hypertrophy) and strength in upper and lower limb musculature in untrained population after RT. Moreover, there is large inter-individual variation in the adaptations gained through RT. Also at the moment, the responses to de- and retraining are not well known, and new research designs for investigating possible muscle memory are needed. Muscle mass and strength, once achieved with RT, can be obtained faster with subsequent retraining if the initial adaptations were lost due to inactivity. RT causes many molecular and cellular changes in myofibers that aid in hypertrophic processes, yet their adaptations to DT and contribution to muscle memory are still marginally researched. It is, therefore, essential to widen our knowledge about the permanence of physiological adaptations in skeletal muscle to periods of DT and repeated exposure to RT.
The primary objectives to achieve by this project are:
- to determine the magnitude of 10-week RT period on upper and lower limb maximal dynamic strength and muscle size compared to the non-training control group
- to determine whether the responses to 20-week continuous RT differs in adaptations in maximal strength and muscle hypertrophy from two 10-week RT periods separated by a 10-week detraining period
- to identify molecular and cellular biomarkers explaining responses to RT, detraining and retraining
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Participants (healthy untrained men and women, age 18-40) start with a 3-week familiarization and baseline measurement period. After that, they are randomized to two intervention groups, where other group will conduct 10-week RT intervention and a 10-week DT period and again the exact same 10-week RT intervention again whereas the other group start with a 10-week non-training period and then continues with a 20-week RT intervention. RT consists of two training sessions per week of total body workouts. Same measurements are conducted for both groups with the same time intervals.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| 10 week training, 10 week detraining, 10 week retraining | Experimental | Other: Resistance training, detraining, retrainingParticipants (healthy untrained men and women, age 18-40) will conduct 10-week RT intervention and a 10-week DT period and the exact same 10-week RT intervention again. RT consists of two training sessions per week of total body workouts. |
| 10 week non-training, 20 week continuous training | Experimental | Other: Resistance training, detraining, retrainingParticipants (healthy untrained men and women, age 18-40) start with a 10-week non-training period and then continues with a 20-week RT intervention. RT consists of two training sessions per week of total body workouts. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 40 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- No regular resistance training history
- BMI within range 18.5-30 kg/m2
- Participants must be 18-40 years old
- No history in systematic endurance-type training (> 2 endurance exercise sessions lasting > 30 minutes per week for the last six months)
- non-smoker
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- history of medication that could affect exercise responses
- use of nutritional supplements aside from those that are protein- or carbohydrate-based (ex. creatine) or basic minerals, vitamins, or fish oil products
- any acute or chronic illness affecting cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal and/or endocrine function
- any other condition that may limit the ability to perform resistance training and testing (ex. uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes, arthritic conditions, neuromuscular complications)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Resistance training, detraining, retrainingParticipants (healthy untrained men and women, age 18-40) start with a 3-week familiarization and baseline measurement period. After that, they are randomized to two intervention groups, where other group will conduct 10-week RT intervention and a 10-week DT period and again the exact same 10-week RT intervention again whereas the other group start with a 10-week non-training period and then continues with a 20-week RT intervention. RT consists of two training sessions per week of total body workouts. Same measurements are conducted for both groups with the same time intervals. | Other | 10 week non-training, 20 week continuous training, 10 week training, 10 week detraining, 10 week retraining |
Primary outcome
Change in upper and lower limb maximal strength after 10-week RT
Time frame: week -2, week 0, week 10
Maximal muscle strength will be assessed via one repetition maximum (1RM) tests of both the leg press and barbell biceps curl exercises according to the NSCA's guidelines.
7 secondary outcomes
Change in muscular performance after 20-week continuous RT period and two 10-week RT periods separated by a 10-week DT period
Time frame: week -2, week 0, week 10, week 20, week 30
Change in upper and lower limb muscle CSA after 10-week RT period
Time frame: week -2, week 0, week 10
Change in upper and lower limb muscle CSA after 20-week continuous RT period and two 10-week RT periods separated by a 10-week DT period
Time frame: week 0, week 10, week 20, week 30
Changes in muscle fiber size during the intervention period
Time frame: week 0, week 10, week 20, week 30
Change in lean mass during the intervention period
Time frame: week -2, week 0, week 10, week 20, week 30
Change in fat mass during the intervention period
Time frame: week 0, week 10, week 20, week 30
Change in body segment volumes during the intervention period
Time frame: week 0, week 10, week 20, week 30
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 10 Apr 2024.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 40183698Hulmi JJ, Halonen EJ, Sharples AP, O'Connell TM, Kuikka L, Lappi VM, Salokas K, Keskitalo S, Varjosalo M, Ahtiainen JP. Human skeletal muscle possesses both reversible proteomic signatures and a retained proteomic memory after repeated resistance training. J Physiol. 2025 May;603(9):2655-2673. doi: 10.1113/JP288104. Epub 2025 Apr 4.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 39364857Halonen EJ, Gabriel I, Kelahaara MM, Ahtiainen JP, Hulmi JJ. Does Taking a Break Matter-Adaptations in Muscle Strength and Size Between Continuous and Periodic Resistance Training. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2024 Oct;34(10):e14739. doi: 10.1111/sms.14739.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Resistance training, detraining, retraining in people with Exercise Training and Skeletal Muscle, run by University of Jyvaskyla at 1 site in Finland.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 10 Apr 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Finland. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in upper and lower limb maximal strength after 10-week RT (time frame: week -2, week 0, week 10). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05553769, which also lists 2 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 10 Apr 2024.