Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) InfectionSaDAPTNCT05452616
Same-day Versus Rapid ART Initiation in HIV-positive Individuals Presenting With Symptoms of Tuberculosis
A study testing ART first- Therapeutic use trial and TB results first- Therapeutic use trial in people with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection, run by University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland at 2 sites in 2 countries.
Trial summary
SaDAPT is a pragmatic, randomized, therapeutic-use trial comparing two approaches ("ART first" versus "TB results first") for the timing of ART initiation in PLHIV with presumptive TB, but no signs of central nervous system (CNS) disease, in a routine primary and secondary care setting in southern Africa with regard… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 12 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection
- What is being tested?
- ART first- Therapeutic use trial and TB results first- Therapeutic use trial
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 610 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesin 2 countries
- Study dates
- 19 Oct 2022to 14 Jan 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 12 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- 12 years or older
- HIV-positive
- Not taking ART (naïve or reported no ART intake since 90 days or more)
- Presenting with one or more TB symptoms according to W4SS
- Unknown TB status
- Planning to continue care at the study facility for at least 30 weeks
- Willing and able to consent (age 18 years or older) or assent with guardian consent (age 12 to 17 years)
Who cannot join
- Medical condition requiring admission or referral to a higher level health facility at enrolment
- Symptoms or clinical signs suggestive for diseases of the CNS
- Positive cryptococcal antigen test (CrAg)
- Reporting to be pregnant
- Taking TB treatment, TB preventive therapy (TPT) or treatment against cryptococcal meningitis
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 2 countries.
2 sites in 2 countries
Lesotho1 site
SolidarMed Lesotho, Premium House #224, Kingsway, Maseru West
Maseru
Malawi1 site
Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Helse Nord Tuberculosis Initiative
Blantyre
About this study
Official title: Same-day Versus Rapid ART Initiation in HIV-positive Individuals Presenting With Symptoms of Tuberculosis: an Open-label Randomized Non-inferiority Trial in Lesotho and Blantyre District, Malawi
SaDAPT is a pragmatic, randomized, therapeutic-use trial comparing two approaches ("ART first" versus "TB results first") for the timing of ART initiation in PLHIV with presumptive TB, but no signs of central nervous system (CNS) disease, in a routine primary and secondary care setting in southern Africa with regard to HIV viral suppression (VL <400 copies/mL) 26 weeks after enrolment.
Read the detailed description
In this randomized controlled trial (RCT) two different, guideline-approved algorithms for antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in people living with HIV (PLHIV) with presumptive Tuberculosis (TB), but no signs of central nervous system (CNS) disease will be compared. In one arm, same-day initiation (SDI) of ART will be applied ("ART first") for all participants independent of the status or results of initial TB investigations. In the other arm, an approach with deferral of ART initiation until TB is excluded or confirmed and TB treatment initiated will be applied ("TB results first"). The direct comparison of the two approaches in a pragmatic, two-country RCT conducted in a representative high-prevalence setting will provide evidence on the open question of optimal timing of ART initiation in the large subgroup of PLHIV with presumptive TB outside the CNS.
- Being tested
- ART first- Therapeutic use trial, TB results first- Therapeutic use trial
- Keywords
- Tuberculosis (TB) infection, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Antiretroviral therapy (ART), Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, People living with HIV (PLHIV), Same-day initiation (SDI) of ART, TB preventive treatment, Sub-Saharan African countries, HIV/TB-coinfection, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS)
- Medical subject headings
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Tuberculosis, Infections, Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
ART first- Therapeutic use trialOther
ART initiation on the day of enrolment independent of TB investigations in PLHIV with presumptive TB but no signs of CNS disease. The trial uses treatments and drug-doses as per international and national guidelines. All treatment components will be applied at standard dosage and no new substances or alternative indications will be tested.
TB results first- Therapeutic use trialOther
Deferral of ART initiation until active TB has been refuted or confirmed. PLHIV presenting with symptoms (cough, fever, night sweat, weight loss) are defined as presumptive TB, and should have microbiological TB investigations. Routine TB investigations in Malawi and Lesotho usually consist of two sputum bottles for analysis using nucleic acid amplification tests (Xpert MTB/RIF (Ultra)).The trial uses treatments and drug-doses as per international and national guidelines. All treatment components will be applied at standard dosage and no new substances or alternative indications will be tested.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| "ART first" arm | Active comparator | ART initiation on the day of enrolment independent of TB investigations Receives: Other: ART first- Therapeutic use trial |
| "TB results first" arm | Active comparator | ART initiation only after active TB has been refuted or confirmed Receives: Other: TB results first- Therapeutic use trial |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
HIV viral suppression <400 copies/mL
HIV viral suppression <400 copies/mL (obtained from routine laboratory reports at study facility, from laboratory reports of referral facility in case of transfer out, or from dried blood spot (DBS) sample for participants without documented clinic visit but found during home visit tracing)
Measured: 26 (22 - 40) weeks after enrolment
Secondary outcomes (9)
Retention in care
Retention in care, defined as a documented ART clinic visit between 22 and 30 weeks after enrolment
Measured: 26 (22 - 30) weeks after enrolment
Engagement in care
Engagement in care, defined as reporting regular ART intake, irrespective if a documented visit took place between 22 and 30 weeks after enrolment
Measured: 26 (22 - 30) weeks after enrolment
Disengagement from care
Disengagement from care, defined as non-engaged in care but reached through patient tracing
Measured: 26 (22 - 30) weeks after enrolment
Lost to follow-up
Lost to follow-up, defined as non-retained in care and not reached through tracing
Measured: 26 (22 - 30) weeks after enrolment
Non-traumatic mortality
Non-traumatic mortality
Measured: during the first 30 weeks after enrolment
Serious adverse events (SAEs)
SAEs
Measured: during the first 30 weeks after enrolment
TB-Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS)
TB-Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is defined as Adverse event of special interest (AESIs): AESIs
Measured: during the first 30 weeks after enrolment
Incidence of TB disease (microbiologically confirmed and/or clinical diagnosis)
Incidence of TB disease (microbiologically confirmed and/or clinical diagnosis), defined as any TB diagnosis after enrolment not classified as prevalent TB at enrolment
Measured: during the first 30 weeks after enrolment
HIV viral suppression
HIV viral suppression using different thresholds (<20 copies/mL; <100 copies/mL; <1000 copies/mL)
Measured: at 26 (22 - 40) weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted11 Jul 2022
- Study start19 Oct 2022
- Primary completion26 Nov 2024
- Study completion14 Jan 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (2)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) InfectionStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University Hospital, Basel, SwitzerlandThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Prospective, parallel, open-label, 1:1 individually randomized, non-inferiority trial
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 610 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Swiss National Science Foundation, SolidarMed, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Swiss Tropical & Public Health Institute, Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Niklaus Labhardt, Prof. Dr. DTM&H, MIH, Principal investigator, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospital BaselRachael Mary Burke, BMBCh, MSc, DTM&H, Principal investigator, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05452616
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- AO_2022-00031; am22Labhardt
- Acronym
- SaDAPT
- Status last verified
- Apr 2025
- First submitted
- 6 Jul 2022
- Last updated
- 4 Apr 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: * An anonymized key dataset necessary for reproducing the primary and key secondary endpoints will be made freely available in an appropriate repository, such as zenodo.org, alongside the publication of the study results. Besides removal of variables not required for key analysis, we will remove participant identifier, study site and exact date information. Requests for access to more detailed data may be made to the corresponding author by submitting a proposal, which will be reviewed by the trial consortium. * The statistical report for the primary and key secondary endpoints and the code to produce it will be published together with the data set.
Publications
Gerber F, Semphere R, Lukau B, Mahlatsi P, Mbale H, Sanchez-Samaniego G, Sass N, Amstutz A, Molatelle M, Marake NB, Tarumbiswa T, Nliwasa M, Ayakaka I, Glass TR, MacPherson P, Burke RM, Labhardt ND. Same-day versus rapid ART initiation in people with HIV and symptoms of tuberculosis (SaDAPT): a randomised, non-inferiority trial in Lesotho and Malawi. Lancet HIV. 2026 Apr;13(4):e225-e234. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(25)00276-0. Epub 2026 Feb 12.
PubMed 41692011Gerber F, Semphere R, Lukau B, Mahlatsi P, Mtenga T, Lee T, Kohler M, Glass TR, Amstutz A, Molatelle M, MacPherson P, Marake NB, Nliwasa M, Ayakaka I, Burke R, Labhardt N. Same-day versus rapid ART initiation in HIV-positive individuals presenting with symptoms of tuberculosis: Protocol for an open-label randomized non-inferiority trial in Lesotho and Malawi. PLoS One. 2024 Feb 8;19(2):e0288944. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288944. eCollection 2024.
PubMed 38330045
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 4 Apr 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Same-day Versus Rapid ART Initiation in HIV-positive Individuals Presenting With Symptoms of Tuberculosis: an Open-label Randomized Non-inferiority Trial in Lesotho and Blantyre District, Malawi
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05452616
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- SaDAPT / AO_2022-00031; am22Labhardt
- Keywords
- Tuberculosis (TB) infection, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Antiretroviral therapy (ART), Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, People living with HIV (PLHIV), Same-day initiation (SDI) of ART, TB preventive treatment, Sub-Saharan African countries
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 610 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University Hospital, Basel, SwitzerlandUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Swiss National Science Foundation, SolidarMed, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Swiss Tropical & Public Health Institute, Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
- Study start
- 19 Oct 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 26 Nov 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 14 Jan 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 11 Jul 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
SaDAPT is a pragmatic, randomized, therapeutic-use trial comparing two approaches ("ART first" versus "TB results first") for the timing of ART initiation in PLHIV with presumptive TB, but no signs of central nervous system (CNS) disease, in a routine primary and secondary care setting in southern Africa with regard to HIV viral suppression (VL <400 copies/mL) 26 weeks after enrolment.
Detailed description
In this randomized controlled trial (RCT) two different, guideline-approved algorithms for antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in people living with HIV (PLHIV) with presumptive Tuberculosis (TB), but no signs of central nervous system (CNS) disease will be compared. In one arm, same-day initiation (SDI) of ART will be applied ("ART first") for all participants independent of the status or results of initial TB investigations. In the other arm, an approach with deferral of ART initiation until TB is excluded or confirmed and TB treatment initiated will be applied ("TB results first"). The direct comparison of the two approaches in a pragmatic, two-country RCT conducted in a representative high-prevalence setting will provide evidence on the open question of optimal timing of ART initiation in the large subgroup of PLHIV with presumptive TB outside the CNS.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Prospective, parallel, open-label, 1:1 individually randomized, non-inferiority trial
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| "ART first" arm | Active comparator | Other: ART first- Therapeutic use trialART initiation on the day of enrolment independent of TB investigations |
| "TB results first" arm | Active comparator | Other: TB results first- Therapeutic use trialART initiation only after active TB has been refuted or confirmed |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 12 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)
- 12 years or older
- HIV-positive
- Not taking ART (naïve or reported no ART intake since 90 days or more)
- Presenting with one or more TB symptoms according to W4SS
- Unknown TB status
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Medical condition requiring admission or referral to a higher level health facility at enrolment
- Symptoms or clinical signs suggestive for diseases of the CNS
- Positive cryptococcal antigen test (CrAg)
- Reporting to be pregnant
- Taking TB treatment, TB preventive therapy (TPT) or treatment against cryptococcal meningitis
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| ART first- Therapeutic use trialART initiation on the day of enrolment independent of TB investigations in PLHIV with presumptive TB but no signs of CNS disease. The trial uses treatments and drug-doses as per international and national guidelines. All treatment components will be applied at standard dosage and no new substances or alternative indications will be tested. | Other | "ART first" arm |
| TB results first- Therapeutic use trialDeferral of ART initiation until active TB has been refuted or confirmed. PLHIV presenting with symptoms (cough, fever, night sweat, weight loss) are defined as presumptive TB, and should have microbiological TB investigations. Routine TB investigations in Malawi and Lesotho usually consist of two sputum bottles for analysis using nucleic acid amplification tests (Xpert MTB/RIF (Ultra)).The trial uses treatments and drug-doses as per international and national guidelines. All treatment components will be applied at standard dosage and no new substances or alternative indications will be tested. | Other | "TB results first" arm |
Primary outcome
HIV viral suppression <400 copies/mL
Time frame: 26 (22 - 40) weeks after enrolment
HIV viral suppression <400 copies/mL (obtained from routine laboratory reports at study facility, from laboratory reports of referral facility in case of transfer out, or from dried blood spot (DBS) sample for participants without documented clinic visit but found during home visit tracing)
9 secondary outcomes
Retention in care
Time frame: 26 (22 - 30) weeks after enrolment
Engagement in care
Time frame: 26 (22 - 30) weeks after enrolment
Disengagement from care
Time frame: 26 (22 - 30) weeks after enrolment
Lost to follow-up
Time frame: 26 (22 - 30) weeks after enrolment
Non-traumatic mortality
Time frame: during the first 30 weeks after enrolment
Serious adverse events (SAEs)
Time frame: during the first 30 weeks after enrolment
TB-Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS)
Time frame: during the first 30 weeks after enrolment
Incidence of TB disease (microbiologically confirmed and/or clinical diagnosis)
Time frame: during the first 30 weeks after enrolment
HIV viral suppression
Time frame: at 26 (22 - 40) weeks
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 4 Apr 2025.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 41692011Gerber F, Semphere R, Lukau B, Mahlatsi P, Mbale H, Sanchez-Samaniego G, Sass N, Amstutz A, Molatelle M, Marake NB, Tarumbiswa T, Nliwasa M, Ayakaka I, Glass TR, MacPherson P, Burke RM, Labhardt ND. Same-day versus rapid ART initiation in people with HIV and symptoms of tuberculosis (SaDAPT): a randomised, non-inferiority trial in Lesotho and Malawi. Lancet HIV. 2026 Apr;13(4):e225-e234. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(25)00276-0. Epub 2026 Feb 12.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 38330045Gerber F, Semphere R, Lukau B, Mahlatsi P, Mtenga T, Lee T, Kohler M, Glass TR, Amstutz A, Molatelle M, MacPherson P, Marake NB, Nliwasa M, Ayakaka I, Burke R, Labhardt N. Same-day versus rapid ART initiation in HIV-positive individuals presenting with symptoms of tuberculosis: Protocol for an open-label randomized non-inferiority trial in Lesotho and Malawi. PLoS One. 2024 Feb 8;19(2):e0288944. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288944. eCollection 2024.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. * An anonymized key dataset necessary for reproducing the primary and key secondary endpoints will be made freely available in an appropriate repository, such as zenodo.org, alongside the publication of the study results. Besides removal of variables not required for key analysis, we will remove participant identifier, study site and exact date information. Requests for access to more detailed data may be made to the corresponding author by submitting a proposal, which will be reviewed by the trial consortium. * The statistical report for the primary and key secondary endpoints and the code to produce it will be published together with the data set.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Niklaus Labhardt, Prof. Dr. DTM&H, MIH principal investigator
Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel
Rachael Mary Burke, BMBCh, MSc, DTM&H principal investigator
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
2 sites in 2 countries: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing ART first- Therapeutic use trial and TB results first- Therapeutic use trial in people with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection, run by University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland at 2 sites in 2 countries.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 4 Apr 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in Lesotho, Malawi. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
HIV viral suppression <400 copies/mL (time frame: 26 (22 - 40) weeks after enrolment). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05452616, which also lists 2 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 4 Apr 2025.