Mechanical Low Back PainNCT05404997
Comparative Effects of SWT and Maitland LM in Mechanical LBP
A study testing Shockwave Therapy and Maitland's lumbar mobilizations in people with Mechanical Low Back Pain, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
Low back pain is a common neuro-musculo-skeletal problem affecting 40% of world's population at some point in their life and causes significant disability with loss of productive working hours. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 25 to 45 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Mechanical Low Back Pain
- What is being tested?
- Shockwave Therapy and Maitland's lumbar mobilizations
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 26 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 1 Mar 2022to 31 Mar 2023
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 25 to 45 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Age: 25-45 years
- Gender: both male and female
- Patients that reports in physiotherapy OPD or referred from orthopedic department, diagnosed with mechanical low back pain having pain for more than 2 weeks.
Who cannot join
- Patients with surgical interventions to lumbar vertebral region.
- Spondylosis
- Disc prolapse
- Spondylolisthesis
- Spinal tumor or inflammatory disease such as rheumatism
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Pakistan1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Bin Inam's Clinic
Faisalabad, Punjab Province, 38000
saba Rafique, 03034045433, saba.rafique@riphah.edu
Rida Ejaz, MSPT-OM
About this study
Official title: Comparative Effects of Shockwave Therapy and Maitland's Lumbar Mobilization on Pain, Disability and Range of Motion in Patients With Mechanical Low Back Pain
Low back pain is a common neuro-musculo-skeletal problem affecting 40% of world's population at some point in their life and causes significant disability with loss of productive working hours. Low back pain is usually non-specific or mechanical and its mechanical origin is identified by the presence or absence of signs and symptoms i-e local or radicular pain, tenderness, spasm associated with different postures or movements. This study aims to compare the therapeutic effects of shockwave therapy and Maitland lumbar mobilizations on pain, disability and range of motion in patients having mechanical low back pain.
Current study will be randomized clinical trial in which convenience sampling technique will be used. Sample size will be 26. Subjects with age group of 25 to 45 years and who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria will be included in this study and they will be randomly allocated into two groups. Group A will be given shockwave therapy treatment, while the group B will be given Maitland lumbar PA glide mobilizations. Each groups will also receive the conventional physical therapy treatment that includes lumbar stretching exercises and core strengthening exercises. Both the therapeutic techniques will be conducted for 4 weeks, two sessions per week for each group. Before, after two weeks and after four weeks of the treatment sessions, effects of treatment will be noted and quantitative data will be analyzed using SPSS software version 25.
Read the detailed description
Low back pain (LBP) is increasingly becoming one of the main health concerns nowadays. It affects daily life and work routine and leads to medical consultations. The prevalence of NSLBP is approximately 10 to 25% in young and middle-aged individuals. Even though degenerative changes are minimal in this age group, more physical activities consequently make this group vulnerable to various physical strains. Approximately 10% of LBP cases have an identifiable pathology, while the remaining 90% are non-specific LBP (NSLBP), reflecting LBP of unknown underlying pathology, characterized by pain, muscle tension, and stiffness between 12th rib and inferior gluteal fold. Based on duration, LBP can be categorized as acute (less than six weeks), sub-acute (six to twelve weeks), and chronic (more than twelve weeks). Common symptom is the pain that gets worse with activity and relieved by rest. There are different methods for LBP treatment like surgery, oral medication, injection at lumbar region, psychotherapy, chiropractic and physiotherapy. Physiotherapy modalities and techniques like electrotherapy, low level laser, ultrasound, massage, shortwave, traction, superficial heat, spinal manipulation and exercise therapy are used to treat such cases. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) has emerged as a popular tool for treatment of musculoskeletal disorders such as lateral epicondylitis, painful shoulder syndrome and plantar fasciitis. The two primary types of shock waves are the Focused Extracorporeal Shock Wave (fESW) and the Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave (rESW). They differ in terms of the manner and extent of the acoustic energy propagation, the shape of the beam and its physical properties. Maitland mobilization techniques are thought to benefit patients with lumbar mechanical pain through the stimulation of joint mechanoreceptors.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTS was conducted in 2020 to check the effectiveness and safety of extracorporeal shockwave treatment on low back pain. Multiple electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane's library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wan Fang Data were searched until December, 2019 to identify studies assessing the effectiveness and safety of EPSW for LBP. The main outcome was pain intensity which was measured using visual analogue scale (VAS) and numeric pain rating scale (NPRS).Functional status, quality of life and psychological outcomes were also measured using oswestry disability index (ODI). Findings of all these studies concluded that the use of focused ESWT is effective in alleviating pain and improving general functional state of patients with low back pain. The effectiveness of Maitland spinal mobilization therapy in the treatment of non-specific low back pain. It was a prospective study that involved ninety (90) subjects who completed the recommended four-week program. All subjects were given spinal mobilization therapy using Maitland method. The conclusions of this study indicated that manual therapy is a consideration in treatment of non-specific LBP and as an alternative to conventional treatment methods.
The effects of shockwave therapy and Maitland lumbar mobilizations have been seen to be the effective approaches in the treatment of mechanical or non-specific low back pain. But these treatment approaches have seen independently in treating low back pain. But there is no literature available that compares the effect of both techniques. So to see the comparative effects of these two techniques will be the main goal of this study.
- Conditions
- Mechanical Low Back Pain
- Being tested
- Shockwave Therapy, Maitland's lumbar mobilizations
- Keywords
- low back pain, lumbar mobilization, shockwave therapy
- Medical subject headings
- Low Back Pain
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Shockwave TherapyDevice
Subjects in Group A will receive conventional physical therapy treatment that involves lumbar stretching exercises (bridges, knee to chest, press-up back extensions, bird dogs) and core strengthening exercises (partial crunches, pelvic tilts, wall sits, hip stretches) for ten minutes. After the conventional therapy, this group will be given shockwave therapy treatment twice a week for four weeks.
After exposing and cleaning the treated area with alcohol, adequate amount of gel will be placed on the lower back region, and the machine will be adjusted at (2000 shock per session, 8 sessions 2 per week for 4 weeks, energy flux density 0,18mJ per mm square, 2 bars of pressure, frequency 10hz), with using 20mm D-Actor head.
Maitland's lumbar mobilizationsOther
Subjects in Group B will receive conventional physical therapy treatment that involves lumbar stretching exercises (bridges, knee to chest, press-up back extensions, bird dogs) and core strengthening exercises (partial crunches, pelvic tilts, wall sits, hip stretches) for ten minutes.
After the conventional treatment, Group B will be given Maitland's lumbar postero-anterior glide mobilizations initiating from Grade 1, with 3-4 sets of oscillations of 40 counts in each set, 2 sets of oscillations will be given below and above the affected joint level.This whole mobilization treatment will also be given twice a week for 10 minutes.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Shockwave Therapy | Experimental | Common Treatment : Conventional physical therapy (lumbar stretching exercises and core strengthening exercises) Group A: Shockwave Therapy Receives: Device: Shockwave Therapy |
| Maitland's Lumbar Mobilizations | Experimental | Common Treatment: Conventional Physical Therapy (lumbar stretching exercises and core strengthening exercises) Group B: Maitland's Lumbar mobilizations Receives: Other: Maitland's lumbar mobilizations |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)
Patient level of pain will be assessed using this scale. This scale ranges from 0 to 10. 0 indicates "no pain" and 10 indicates "worst pain". NPRS have shown high test-retest reliability (r = 0.96 and 0.95, respectively)
Measured: 10 Months
Oswestry Disability Index (ODI)
The Oswestry Disability Index (also known as the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire) is an extremely important tool that researchers and disability evaluators use to measure a patient's permanent functional disability. The test is considered the 'gold standard' of low back functional outcome tools The final score/index ranges from 0-100.
A score of 0-20 reflects minimal disability, 21-40 moderate disability, 41-60 severe disability, 61-80 crippled, and 81-100 bed-bound
Measured: 10 Months
Bubble Inclinometer
The simple bubble inclinometer has excellent clinical reliability (ICC >.90) for measuring lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis in standing.
Measured: 10 Months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted3 Jun 2022
- Study start1 Mar 2022
- Primary completion28 Feb 2023 (estimated)
- Study completion31 Mar 2023 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (6)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Mechanical Low Back PainStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Riphah International UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator
- Enrolment
- 26 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Saba Rafique, ppdpt, Principal investigator, Riphah International University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05404997
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- REC/RCR&AHS/22/0127
- Status last verified
- May 2022
- First submitted
- 31 May 2022
- Last updated
- 3 Jun 2022
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Baig AAM, Ahmed SI, Ali SS, Rahmani A, Siddiqui F. Role of posterior-anterior vertebral mobilization versus thermotherapy in non specific lower back pain. Pak J Med Sci. 2018 Mar-Apr;34(2):435-439. doi: 10.12669/pjms.342.12402.
PubMed 29805422Bhat P V, Patel VD, Eapen C, Shenoy M, Milanese S. Myofascial release versus Mulligan sustained natural apophyseal glides' immediate and short-term effects on pain, function, and mobility in non-specific low back pain. PeerJ. 2021 Mar 15;9:e10706. doi: 10.7717/peerj.10706. eCollection 2021.
PubMed 33777508Guo X, Li L, Yan Z, Li Y, Peng Z, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Schmitz C, Feng Z. Efficacy and safety of treating chronic nonspecific low back pain with radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT), rESWT combined with celecoxib and eperisone (C + E) or C + E alone: a prospective, randomized trial. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021 Dec 4;16(1):705. doi: 10.1186/s13018-021-02848-x.
PubMed 34863239Shah SG, Kage V. Effect of Seven Sessions of Posterior-to-Anterior Spinal Mobilisation versus Prone Press-ups in Non-Specific Low Back Pain - Randomized Clinical Trial. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016 Mar;10(3):YC10-3. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/15898.7485. Epub 2016 Mar 1.
PubMed 27134987Babina R, Mohanty PP, Pattnaik M. Effect of thoracic mobilization on respiratory parameters in chronic non-specific low back pain: A randomized controlled trial. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2016 Feb 19;29(3):587-95. doi: 10.3233/BMR-160679.
PubMed 26966825Riley SP, Tafuto V, Cote M, Brismee JM, Wright A, Cook C. Reliability and relationship of the fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire with the shoulder pain and disability index and numeric pain rating scale in patients with shoulder pain. Physiother Theory Pract. 2019 May;35(5):464-470. doi: 10.1080/09593985.2018.1453004. Epub 2018 Mar 20.
PubMed 29558227
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 3 Jun 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparative Effects of Shockwave Therapy and Maitland's Lumbar Mobilization on Pain, Disability and Range of Motion in Patients With Mechanical Low Back Pain
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05404997
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- REC/RCR&AHS/22/0127
- Conditions
- Mechanical Low Back Pain
- Keywords
- low back pain, lumbar mobilization, shockwave therapy
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 26 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Mar 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 28 Feb 2023 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 31 Mar 2023 (estimated)
- First posted
- 3 Jun 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Low back pain is a common neuro-musculo-skeletal problem affecting 40% of world's population at some point in their life and causes significant disability with loss of productive working hours. Low back pain is usually non-specific or mechanical and its mechanical origin is identified by the presence or absence of signs and symptoms i-e local or radicular pain, tenderness, spasm associated with different postures or movements. This study aims to compare the therapeutic effects of shockwave therapy and Maitland lumbar mobilizations on pain, disability and range of motion in patients having mechanical low back pain.
Current study will be randomized clinical trial in which convenience sampling technique will be used. Sample size will be 26. Subjects with age group of 25 to 45 years and who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria will be included in this study and they will be randomly allocated into two groups. Group A will be given shockwave therapy treatment, while the group B will be given Maitland lumbar PA glide mobilizations. Each groups will also receive the conventional physical therapy treatment that includes lumbar stretching exercises and core strengthening exercises. Both the therapeutic techniques will be conducted for 4 weeks, two sessions per week for each group. Before, after two weeks and after four weeks of the treatment sessions, effects of treatment will be noted and quantitative data will be analyzed using SPSS software version 25.
Detailed description
Low back pain (LBP) is increasingly becoming one of the main health concerns nowadays. It affects daily life and work routine and leads to medical consultations. The prevalence of NSLBP is approximately 10 to 25% in young and middle-aged individuals. Even though degenerative changes are minimal in this age group, more physical activities consequently make this group vulnerable to various physical strains. Approximately 10% of LBP cases have an identifiable pathology, while the remaining 90% are non-specific LBP (NSLBP), reflecting LBP of unknown underlying pathology, characterized by pain, muscle tension, and stiffness between 12th rib and inferior gluteal fold. Based on duration, LBP can be categorized as acute (less than six weeks), sub-acute (six to twelve weeks), and chronic (more than twelve weeks). Common symptom is the pain that gets worse with activity and relieved by rest. There are different methods for LBP treatment like surgery, oral medication, injection at lumbar region, psychotherapy, chiropractic and physiotherapy. Physiotherapy modalities and techniques like electrotherapy, low level laser, ultrasound, massage, shortwave, traction, superficial heat, spinal manipulation and exercise therapy are used to treat such cases. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) has emerged as a popular tool for treatment of musculoskeletal disorders such as lateral epicondylitis, painful shoulder syndrome and plantar fasciitis. The two primary types of shock waves are the Focused Extracorporeal Shock Wave (fESW) and the Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave (rESW). They differ in terms of the manner and extent of the acoustic energy propagation, the shape of the beam and its physical properties. Maitland mobilization techniques are thought to benefit patients with lumbar mechanical pain through the stimulation of joint mechanoreceptors.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTS was conducted in 2020 to check the effectiveness and safety of extracorporeal shockwave treatment on low back pain. Multiple electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane's library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wan Fang Data were searched until December, 2019 to identify studies assessing the effectiveness and safety of EPSW for LBP. The main outcome was pain intensity which was measured using visual analogue scale (VAS) and numeric pain rating scale (NPRS).Functional status, quality of life and psychological outcomes were also measured using oswestry disability index (ODI). Findings of all these studies concluded that the use of focused ESWT is effective in alleviating pain and improving general functional state of patients with low back pain. The effectiveness of Maitland spinal mobilization therapy in the treatment of non-specific low back pain. It was a prospective study that involved ninety (90) subjects who completed the recommended four-week program. All subjects were given spinal mobilization therapy using Maitland method. The conclusions of this study indicated that manual therapy is a consideration in treatment of non-specific LBP and as an alternative to conventional treatment methods.
The effects of shockwave therapy and Maitland lumbar mobilizations have been seen to be the effective approaches in the treatment of mechanical or non-specific low back pain. But these treatment approaches have seen independently in treating low back pain. But there is no literature available that compares the effect of both techniques. So to see the comparative effects of these two techniques will be the main goal of this study.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, investigator)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Shockwave Therapy | Experimental | Device: Shockwave TherapyCommon Treatment : Conventional physical therapy (lumbar stretching exercises and core strengthening exercises) Group A: Shockwave Therapy |
| Maitland's Lumbar Mobilizations | Experimental | Other: Maitland's lumbar mobilizationsCommon Treatment: Conventional Physical Therapy (lumbar stretching exercises and core strengthening exercises) Group B: Maitland's Lumbar mobilizations |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 25 to 45 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Age: 25-45 years
- Gender: both male and female
- Patients that reports in physiotherapy OPD or referred from orthopedic department, diagnosed with mechanical low back pain having pain for more than 2 weeks.
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Patients with surgical interventions to lumbar vertebral region.
- Spondylosis
- Disc prolapse
- Spondylolisthesis
- Spinal tumor or inflammatory disease such as rheumatism
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Shockwave TherapySubjects in Group A will receive conventional physical therapy treatment that involves lumbar stretching exercises (bridges, knee to chest, press-up back extensions, bird dogs) and core strengthening exercises (partial crunches, pelvic tilts, wall sits, hip stretches) for ten minutes. After the conventional therapy, this group will be given shockwave therapy treatment twice a week for four weeks. After exposing and cleaning the treated area with alcohol, adequate amount of gel will be placed on the lower back region, and the machine will be adjusted at (2000 shock per session, 8 sessions 2 per week for 4 weeks, energy flux density 0,18mJ per mm square, 2 bars of pressure, frequency 10hz), with using 20mm D-Actor head. | Device | Shockwave Therapy |
| Maitland's lumbar mobilizationsSubjects in Group B will receive conventional physical therapy treatment that involves lumbar stretching exercises (bridges, knee to chest, press-up back extensions, bird dogs) and core strengthening exercises (partial crunches, pelvic tilts, wall sits, hip stretches) for ten minutes. After the conventional treatment, Group B will be given Maitland's lumbar postero-anterior glide mobilizations initiating from Grade 1, with 3-4 sets of oscillations of 40 counts in each set, 2 sets of oscillations will be given below and above the affected joint level.This whole mobilization treatment will also be given twice a week for 10 minutes. | Other | Maitland's Lumbar Mobilizations |
Primary outcome
Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)
Time frame: 10 Months
Patient level of pain will be assessed using this scale. This scale ranges from 0 to 10. 0 indicates "no pain" and 10 indicates "worst pain". NPRS have shown high test-retest reliability (r = 0.96 and 0.95, respectively)
Oswestry Disability Index (ODI)
Time frame: 10 Months
The Oswestry Disability Index (also known as the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire) is an extremely important tool that researchers and disability evaluators use to measure a patient's permanent functional disability. The test is considered the 'gold standard' of low back functional outcome tools The final score/index ranges from 0-100. A score of 0-20 reflects minimal disability, 21-40 moderate disability, 41-60 severe disability, 61-80 crippled, and 81-100 bed-bound
Bubble Inclinometer
Time frame: 10 Months
The simple bubble inclinometer has excellent clinical reliability (ICC >.90) for measuring lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis in standing.
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 3 Jun 2022.
- Background: PubMed 29805422Baig AAM, Ahmed SI, Ali SS, Rahmani A, Siddiqui F. Role of posterior-anterior vertebral mobilization versus thermotherapy in non specific lower back pain. Pak J Med Sci. 2018 Mar-Apr;34(2):435-439. doi: 10.12669/pjms.342.12402.
- Background: PubMed 33777508Bhat P V, Patel VD, Eapen C, Shenoy M, Milanese S. Myofascial release versus Mulligan sustained natural apophyseal glides' immediate and short-term effects on pain, function, and mobility in non-specific low back pain. PeerJ. 2021 Mar 15;9:e10706. doi: 10.7717/peerj.10706. eCollection 2021.
- Background: PubMed 34863239Guo X, Li L, Yan Z, Li Y, Peng Z, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Schmitz C, Feng Z. Efficacy and safety of treating chronic nonspecific low back pain with radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT), rESWT combined with celecoxib and eperisone (C + E) or C + E alone: a prospective, randomized trial. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021 Dec 4;16(1):705. doi: 10.1186/s13018-021-02848-x.
- Background: PubMed 27134987Shah SG, Kage V. Effect of Seven Sessions of Posterior-to-Anterior Spinal Mobilisation versus Prone Press-ups in Non-Specific Low Back Pain - Randomized Clinical Trial. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016 Mar;10(3):YC10-3. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/15898.7485. Epub 2016 Mar 1.
- Background: PubMed 26966825Babina R, Mohanty PP, Pattnaik M. Effect of thoracic mobilization on respiratory parameters in chronic non-specific low back pain: A randomized controlled trial. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2016 Feb 19;29(3):587-95. doi: 10.3233/BMR-160679.
- Background: PubMed 29558227Riley SP, Tafuto V, Cote M, Brismee JM, Wright A, Cook C. Reliability and relationship of the fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire with the shoulder pain and disability index and numeric pain rating scale in patients with shoulder pain. Physiother Theory Pract. 2019 May;35(5):464-470. doi: 10.1080/09593985.2018.1453004. Epub 2018 Mar 20.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Saba Rafique, ppdpt principal investigator
Riphah International University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Shockwave Therapy and Maitland's lumbar mobilizations in people with Mechanical Low Back Pain, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 3 Jun 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Imran Amjad, phd (03324390125, imran.amjad@riphah.edu.pk), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) (time frame: 10 Months). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05404997, which also lists 6 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 3 Jun 2022.