Suspected Typical Alzheimer's Disease (AD)VITAL-NPNCT05379023

VIdeo Telehealth in ALzheimer's: NeuroPsychology (VITAL-NP)

A study testing Face-to-face evaluation (FF) and TeleNP evaluation in people with Suspected Typical Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Suspected Atypical Alzheimer's Disease (AD), run by University of Colorado, Denver at 1 site in United States.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record

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Trial summary

The overarching goal of this study is to a) assess the feasibility and preliminary validity of home-based delivery of TeleNP to patients with suspected Alzheimer's Disease (AD), referred for cognitive assessments in a Neurology Clinic; and b) elucidate whether TeleNP is equivalent to face-to-face evaluation (FF) for… Read more about this study

Who is it for?: Ages 60 to 90 years
Conditions the study is for: Suspected Typical Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Suspected Atypical Alzheimer's Disease (AD)
What is being tested?: Face-to-face evaluation (FF) and TeleNP evaluation
Type of treatment: Lifestyle or therapy programme
Could I receive a placebo?: No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people: 116 participants
Where: 1 siteUnited States
Study dates: 27 Jun 2022to 16 May 2024
Phase: Interventional
Are there results?: Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

Ages 60 to 90 years
All sexes
No healthy volunteers
Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

Individuals age 60 to 90 years who are undergoing evaluation for possible AD and whose severity ranges from MCI to mild dementia.
Individuals must carry a diagnosis of either suspected typical AD or atypical AD, based on the referring neurologist's diagnosis.

Who cannot join

Individuals with moderate to severe levels of dementia and individuals with active delirium (per neurologist's determination).
Individuals who are legally blind or deaf, due to the auditory and visual components of the study.
Individuals with a brain tumor and individuals who have a confirmed nonAD neurological diagnosis (e.g, Multiple Sclerosis; FTD).
Individuals who are being evaluated outside of the UCH Memory Disorders Clinic.
Individuals who report active (i.e., within the last 6 months) substance use of illicit drugs such as cocaine or methamphetamines, or who carry a diagnosis of a major psychiatric disorder (e.g., schizophrenia; bipolar disorder).
Note that care partners (3rd arm) did not undergo the intervention and there were no additional eligibility requirements for them except that they were involved in the patient's care

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

United States1 site

University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (CU-AMC)
Aurora, Colorado, 80045

Other trials in United States

About this study

Official title: Integrating Home-Based Video Teleneuropsychology Into Clinical Practice: Typical Versus Atypical Alzheimer's Disease

Conditions: Suspected Typical Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Suspected Atypical Alzheimer's Disease (AD)
Being tested: Face-to-face evaluation (FF), TeleNP evaluation

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

Face-to-face evaluation (FF)Behavioural
The intervention is the assessment modality. The control condition is face-to-face evaluation (FF).
TeleNP evaluationBehavioural
The intervention is the assessment modality. The intervention condition is TeleNP evaluation.

Study groups in NCT05379023
Study group	Role	What they receive
Face-to-face evaluation (FF), TeleNP evaluation	Other	In-Person (standard of care) Modality completed first, Telehealth Modality completed second Receives: Behavioral: Face-to-face evaluation (FF); Behavioral: TeleNP evaluation
TeleNP evaluation, Face-to-face evaluation (FF)	Other	Telehealth Modality completed first, In-Person (standard of care) Modality completed second Receives: Behavioral: Face-to-face evaluation (FF); Behavioral: TeleNP evaluation
Care Partners	No intervention	Care Partners did not undergo the intervention; they completed outcome measures (surveys) of acceptability only.

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

Agreement of Cognitive Test Results Across Testing Modalities as Measured by Neuropsychological Test Mean Scores, Measures With Total Correct Items
Raw scores for measures of Memory, Executive Functions, Language, and Spatial Abilities will be compared across both conditions.
CVLT= California Verbal Learning Test- 2nd edition; Delayed recall measures Memory, total words recalled after 20-minutes (range: 0-16). Higher=better.
RBANS = Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status; Delayed recall (Memory) - total elements recalled (range: 0-20). Higher=better.
Figure Copy (Spatial)- total copied (range: 0-20). BNT=Boston Naming Test (Language) -total correct (range: 0-15). Higher=better. Category Fluency (Language) - total correct) (range: 0- no limit). Higher=better.
JoLO=Judgment of Line Orientation (Spatial) -total correct (range: 0-15). Higher=better
Measured: After the exposure to each health delivery conditions, Face-to-face evaluation (FF) and TeleNP evaluation, at Week 1 and Weeks 5-7
Agreement of Neuropsychologist Diagnosis Across Testing Modalities as Measured by Neuropsychologist-Determined Diagnosis
Neuropsychologist-determined diagnosis (i.e., typical AD, atypical/complex AD, not AD) will be compared across both conditions whether TeleNP alters assessment of patient diagnosis.
Measured: After the exposure to each health delivery conditions, Face-to-face evaluation (FF) and TeleNP evaluation, at Week 1 and Weeks 5-7
Agreement of Neuropsychologist Appraisal of Severity Across Testing Modalities as Measured by Neuropsychologist-Determined Severity
Neuropsychologist-determined severity (i.e., subjective cognitive concerns; MCI; mild dementia) will be compared across both conditions whether TeleNP alters assessment of patient severity.
Measured: After the exposure to each health delivery conditions, Face-to-face evaluation (FF) and TeleNP evaluation, at Week 1 and Weeks 5-7
Acceptability and Feasibility of Intervention Measures as Measured by 4-item Acceptability and Feasibility of Intervention Measures Scale
The 4-item Acceptability and Feasibility of Intervention Measures Scale is used for rating all participants and care partners' perspective on the acceptability and feasibility of the Face-to-face evaluation (FF) and TeleNP evaluation as assessed using a 5-point Likert scale at Week 1 or Weeks 5-7, depending on randomization. Scores range from "Completely disagree" (1) to "Completely agree" (5).
Measured: After the exposure to each health delivery conditions, Face-to-face evaluation (FF) and TeleNP evaluation, at Week 1 and Weeks 5-7
Acceptability and Feasibility of Intervention Measures as Measured by 19-item UTAUT Questionnaire Adapted to TeleNP
The UTAUT questionnaire adapted to TeleNP is used for rating all participants' perspective on the acceptability and feasibility of TeleNP evaluation as assessed using a 5-point Likert scale at Week 1 or Weeks 5-7, depending on randomization. Scores range from "Strongly disagree" (1) to "Strongly agree" (5).
Performance expectancy refers to the degree to which an individual believes that using a technology will help them improve their performance.
Effort expectancy is the degree of ease associated with using the technology. Behavioral intention reflects an individual's plan to use the technology.
Measured: After the exposure to the TeleNP evaluation (up to Week 7)
Agreement of Cognitive Test Results Across Testing Modalities as Measured by Neuropsychological Test Mean Scores (Timed Measures)
Raw scores for measures of Executive Functions will be compared across both conditions.
DKEFS= Delis-Kaplan Executive Function Systems; Color-Word Inhibition (Executive Functions) -total time (range: 0-180"). Higher=worse Oral Trail Making Test B (Executive Functions) total time (range: 0-300"). Higher=worse
Measured: After the exposure to each health delivery conditions, Face-to-face evaluation (FF) and TeleNP evaluation, at Week 1 and Weeks 5-7

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

27 Jun 202216 May 2024

First posted18 May 2022
Study start27 Jun 2022
Primary completion16 May 2024
Study completion16 May 2024

Resources

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
Other trials for Suspected Typical Alzheimer's Disease (AD)Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
More trials run by University of Colorado, DenverThe sponsor's other registered studies.
What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design

Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase N/A
Primary purpose: Diagnosis
Allocation: Randomised
Intervention model: Crossover
Masking: Single blind
Who is masked: Investigator
Enrolment: 116 participants (actual)

IDs, dates and publications

ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05379023
Sponsor's protocol ID: 21-5037
Other IDs: R21AG072153
Acronym: VITAL-NP
Status last verified: Dec 2025
First submitted: 2 May 2022
Last updated: 31 Dec 2025
Results posted: Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
FDA-regulated drug: No
FDA-regulated device: No
Individual data sharing: Yes

Study at a glance

From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 31 Dec 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.

Official title: Integrating Home-Based Video Teleneuropsychology Into Clinical Practice: Typical Versus Atypical Alzheimer's Disease
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05379023
Acronym / sponsor ID: VITAL-NP / 21-5037
Conditions: Suspected Typical Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Suspected Atypical Alzheimer's Disease (AD)
Study type: Interventional
Recruitment status: Completed
Enrolment: 116 participants (actual)
Lead sponsor: University of Colorado, DenverUniversity, hospital or other
Collaborators: National Institute on Aging (NIA)
Study start: 27 Jun 2022 (actual)
Primary completion: 16 May 2024 (actual)
Study completion: 16 May 2024 (actual)
First posted: 18 May 2022 (actual)
Results: Posted 31 Dec 2025

Clinical summary

The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.

Study design

Primary purpose: Diagnosis
Allocation: Randomised
Intervention model: Crossover
Masking: Single blind (investigator)
Number of arms: 3

Arm	Type	Receives
Face-to-face evaluation (FF), TeleNP evaluation	Other	Behavioral: Face-to-face evaluation (FF), Behavioral: TeleNP evaluationIn-Person (standard of care) Modality completed first, Telehealth Modality completed second
TeleNP evaluation, Face-to-face evaluation (FF)	Other	Behavioral: Face-to-face evaluation (FF), Behavioral: TeleNP evaluationTelehealth Modality completed first, In-Person (standard of care) Modality completed second
Care Partners	No intervention	–Care Partners did not undergo the intervention; they completed outcome measures (surveys) of acceptability only.

Who may qualify

Ages: 60 to 90 years
Sex: All
Healthy volunteers: Not accepted
Age groups: Adult, Older adult

Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)

Individuals age 60 to 90 years who are undergoing evaluation for possible AD and whose severity ranges from MCI to mild dementia.
Individuals must carry a diagnosis of either suspected typical AD or atypical AD, based on the referring neurologist's diagnosis.

Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)

Individuals with moderate to severe levels of dementia and individuals with active delirium (per neurologist's determination).
Individuals who are legally blind or deaf, due to the auditory and visual components of the study.
Individuals with a brain tumor and individuals who have a confirmed nonAD neurological diagnosis (e.g, Multiple Sclerosis; FTD).
Individuals who are being evaluated outside of the UCH Memory Disorders Clinic.
Individuals who report active (i.e., within the last 6 months) substance use of illicit drugs such as cocaine or methamphetamines, or who carry a diagnosis of a major psychiatric disorder (e.g., schizophrenia; bipolar disorder).

Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Interventions

Intervention	Type	Arms
Face-to-face evaluation (FF)The intervention is the assessment modality. The control condition is face-to-face evaluation (FF).	Behavioural	Face-to-face evaluation (FF), TeleNP evaluation, TeleNP evaluation, Face-to-face evaluation (FF)
TeleNP evaluationThe intervention is the assessment modality. The intervention condition is TeleNP evaluation.	Behavioural	Face-to-face evaluation (FF), TeleNP evaluation, TeleNP evaluation, Face-to-face evaluation (FF)

Primary outcome

Agreement of Cognitive Test Results Across Testing Modalities as Measured by Neuropsychological Test Mean Scores, Measures With Total Correct Items
Time frame: After the exposure to each health delivery conditions, Face-to-face evaluation (FF) and TeleNP evaluation, at Week 1 and Weeks 5-7
Raw scores for measures of Memory, Executive Functions, Language, and Spatial Abilities will be compared across both conditions. CVLT= California Verbal Learning Test- 2nd edition; Delayed recall measures Memory, total words recalled after 20-minutes (range: 0-16). Higher=better. RBANS = Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status; Delayed recall (Memory) - total elements recalled (range: 0-20). Higher=better. Figure Copy (Spatial)- total copied (range: 0-20). BNT=Boston Naming Test (Language) -total correct (range: 0-15). Higher=better. Category Fluency (Language) - total correct) (range: 0- no limit). Higher=better. JoLO=Judgment of Line Orientation (Spatial) -total correct (range: 0-15). Higher=better
Agreement of Neuropsychologist Diagnosis Across Testing Modalities as Measured by Neuropsychologist-Determined Diagnosis
Time frame: After the exposure to each health delivery conditions, Face-to-face evaluation (FF) and TeleNP evaluation, at Week 1 and Weeks 5-7
Neuropsychologist-determined diagnosis (i.e., typical AD, atypical/complex AD, not AD) will be compared across both conditions whether TeleNP alters assessment of patient diagnosis.
Agreement of Neuropsychologist Appraisal of Severity Across Testing Modalities as Measured by Neuropsychologist-Determined Severity
Time frame: After the exposure to each health delivery conditions, Face-to-face evaluation (FF) and TeleNP evaluation, at Week 1 and Weeks 5-7
Neuropsychologist-determined severity (i.e., subjective cognitive concerns; MCI; mild dementia) will be compared across both conditions whether TeleNP alters assessment of patient severity.
Acceptability and Feasibility of Intervention Measures as Measured by 4-item Acceptability and Feasibility of Intervention Measures Scale
Time frame: After the exposure to each health delivery conditions, Face-to-face evaluation (FF) and TeleNP evaluation, at Week 1 and Weeks 5-7
The 4-item Acceptability and Feasibility of Intervention Measures Scale is used for rating all participants and care partners' perspective on the acceptability and feasibility of the Face-to-face evaluation (FF) and TeleNP evaluation as assessed using a 5-point Likert scale at Week 1 or Weeks 5-7, depending on randomization. Scores range from "Completely disagree" (1) to "Completely agree" (5).
Acceptability and Feasibility of Intervention Measures as Measured by 19-item UTAUT Questionnaire Adapted to TeleNP
Time frame: After the exposure to the TeleNP evaluation (up to Week 7)
The UTAUT questionnaire adapted to TeleNP is used for rating all participants' perspective on the acceptability and feasibility of TeleNP evaluation as assessed using a 5-point Likert scale at Week 1 or Weeks 5-7, depending on randomization. Scores range from "Strongly disagree" (1) to "Strongly agree" (5). Performance expectancy refers to the degree to which an individual believes that using a technology will help them improve their performance. Effort expectancy is the degree of ease associated with using the technology. Behavioral intention reflects an individual's plan to use the technology.
Agreement of Cognitive Test Results Across Testing Modalities as Measured by Neuropsychological Test Mean Scores (Timed Measures)
Time frame: After the exposure to each health delivery conditions, Face-to-face evaluation (FF) and TeleNP evaluation, at Week 1 and Weeks 5-7
Raw scores for measures of Executive Functions will be compared across both conditions. DKEFS= Delis-Kaplan Executive Function Systems; Color-Word Inhibition (Executive Functions) -total time (range: 0-180"). Higher=worse Oral Trail Making Test B (Executive Functions) total time (range: 0-300"). Higher=worse

Results and safety

Results posted to the registry on 31 Dec 2025, as reported by the sponsor. Figures are copied from the record, not re-analysed. Full results on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Participant flow

Group	Started	Completed
Face-to-face Evaluation (FF), Teleneuropsychology Evaluation (TeleNP)	35	32
Teleneuropsychology Evaluation (TeleNP), Face-to-face Evaluation (FF)	31	31
Care Partners	50	50

Primary outcome: Agreement of Cognitive Test Results Across Testing Modalities as Measured by Neuropsychological Test Mean Scores, Measures With Total Correct Items

Time frame: After the exposure to each health delivery conditions, Face-to-face evaluation (FF) and TeleNP evaluation, at Week 1 and Weeks 5-7. Mean (Standard Deviation). Unit: score on a scale

Measure	Teleneuropsychology (TeleNP) n = 63	Face-to-Face (FF) n = 63
CVLT Delayed Recall (Memory). Total Score, Higher=better score.	4.31 (4.30)	4.40 (4.20)
RBANS Figure Delayed Recall (Memory). Total Score, Higher=better score.	8.21 (5.20)	8.60 (4.90)
BNT-15 item Total (Language), Total Score, Higher=better score.	12.40 (3.20)	12.52 (3.20)
Category Fluency Total (Language), Total Score, Higher=better score.	13.19 (5.50)	12.83 (5.80)
JoLO 15-item Total (Spatial), Total Score, Higher=better score.	10.60 (3.40)	11.10 (3.00)
RBANS Figure Copy (Spatial), Total Score, Higher=better score.	17.08 (2.50)	17.21 (2.60)

Teleneuropsychology (TeleNP) vs Face-to-Face (FF): IntraClassCorrelation: 0.67 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.78)
Teleneuropsychology (TeleNP) vs Face-to-Face (FF): Intraclass Correlation: 0.74 (95% CI 0.71 to 0.84)
Teleneuropsychology (TeleNP) vs Face-to-Face (FF): Intraclass correlation: 0.85 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.90)

Population analysed: Three participants who underwent the intervention signed a consent but did not complete baseline. Care Partners did not undergo the intervention and thus are not included in these outcomes.

Primary outcome: Agreement of Neuropsychologist Diagnosis Across Testing Modalities as Measured by Neuropsychologist-Determined Diagnosis

Time frame: After the exposure to each health delivery conditions, Face-to-face evaluation (FF) and TeleNP evaluation, at Week 1 and Weeks 5-7. Mean (95% Confidence Interval). Unit: Cohen's Kappa

Measure	Syndrome Across Modalities n = 63
Value	0.74 (0.60 to 0.88)

Syndrome Across Modalities: Cohen's Kappa: 0.74 (95% CI 0.60 to 0.88)

Population analysed: Three participants signed a consent but did not complete baseline. Neuropsychologist (n=2 neuropsychologists)-determine diagnostic agreement for all participants (n=63) will be determined between the modalities.

Primary outcome: Agreement of Neuropsychologist Appraisal of Severity Across Testing Modalities as Measured by Neuropsychologist-Determined Severity

Time frame: After the exposure to each health delivery conditions, Face-to-face evaluation (FF) and TeleNP evaluation, at Week 1 and Weeks 5-7. Mean (95% Confidence Interval). Unit: Cohen's Kappa

Measure	Severity Across Modalities n = 63
Value	0.89 (0.79 to 0.99)

Severity Across Modalities: Cohen's Kappa: 0.89 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.99)

Primary outcome: Acceptability and Feasibility of Intervention Measures as Measured by 4-item Acceptability and Feasibility of Intervention Measures Scale

Time frame: After the exposure to each health delivery conditions, Face-to-face evaluation (FF) and TeleNP evaluation, at Week 1 and Weeks 5-7. Median (Inter-Quartile Range). Unit: Score on a Scale

Measure	Patient (Acceptability Measure) n = 63	Care Partner (Acceptability Measure) n = 50
TeleNP. Acceptability of Intervention Measure. Range 1-5; Higher=More Acceptable	4.0 (3.5 to 4.5)	3.95 (3.3 to 4.8)
TeleNP. Intervention Appropriateness Measure. Range 1-5; Higher=More Acceptable	4.0 (3.5 to 4.3)	4.0 (3.5 to 4.5)
TeleNP. Feasibility of Intervention Measure. Range 1-5; Higher=More Acceptable	4.0 (3.8 to 4.5)	4.0 (3.8 to 4.8)
FF (Face-to-Face). Acceptability of Intervention Measure. Range 1-5; Higher=More Acceptable	4.0 (3.5 to 5.0)	3.9 (3.5 to 4.3)
FF (Face-to-Face). Intervention Appropriateness Measure. Range 1-5; Higher=More Acceptable	4.0 (4.0 to 4.8)	4.0 (4.0 to 4.8)
FF (Face-to-Face). Feasibility of Intervention Measure. Range 1-5; Higher=More Acceptable	4.0 (3.8 to 4.8)	4.0 (3.8 to 4.8)

Population analysed: For the patients (i.e., the primary participants), 3 participants signed a consent but did not complete baseline. N=63. For the care partners, it was not a requirement that the patient's have a care partner. Results are provided for the care partners who were available and consented (n=50).

Adverse events

Time frame: From enrollment until the patient's evaluation feedback session (i.e., when final feedback session was conducted to the patient, within 3 months of their baseline visit). Note that care partners (arm 3) did not undergo the intervention and thus AEs were not collected or reported.. Other adverse events reported at 0% frequency or more

Group	Serious adverse events	Other adverse events	Deaths
Face-to-face Evaluation (FF)	0 of 63 (0%)	0 of 63 (0%)	0 of 63
Teleneuropsychology Evaluation (TeleNP)	0 of 63 (0%)	0 of 63 (0%)	0 of 63

Limitations and caveats (from the sponsor): * Our trial sample size was relatively small and our sample was lacking in racial/ethnic diversity. * The division of syndromes into three categories (typical AD; atypical AD; not AD) does not map onto NIA-AA diagnostic criteria which require both clinical diagnoses and biomarker evaluation of AD pathology; however, most neuropsychologists do not have access to biomarkers in clinical practice. * Standardization of patients' home environment remains a challenge.

Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…

Research links

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 31 Dec 2025.
Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes

Referral and contact

AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.

Brianne Bettcher, PhD principal investigator

University of Colorado, Denver

1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 31 Dec 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 31 Dec 2025). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Agreement of Cognitive Test Results Across Testing Modalities as Measured by Neuropsychological Test Mean Scores, Measures With Total Correct Items (time frame: After the exposure to each health delivery conditions, Face-to-face evaluation (FF) and TeleNP evaluation, at Week 1 and Weeks 5-7). The study lists 6 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05379023.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 31 Dec 2025.