Type 2 DiabetesNCT05355090
Daily Protein Pacing Effects on HbA1c in Type 2 Diabetics
A study testing PP in people with Type 2 Diabetes and HbA1c, run by Skidmore College at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
This study will examine the effects of protein (whey) supplementation added to the normal diet of pre-diabetes or diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) men and women on plasma glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and total body fat levels. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 30 to 65 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Type 2 Diabetes, HbA1c, Protein Intake
- What is being tested?
- PP
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 12 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 6 Apr 2022to 31 Dec 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 30 to 65 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- non-smoker
- weight stable (+/-2kg) for at least 6 months prior to beginning the study
- Pre-diabetic and Type 2 diabetic mellitus men and women with no known significant cardiovascular or metabolic diseases as assessed by a medical history and a comprehensive medical examination by their physicians
- Sedentary or lightly active (<30 min, 2d/wk of structured physical activity) as assessed by a Physical Activity questionnaire
Who cannot join
- Emphysema
- Significant heart disease (CABG, CHF, VFib, Hypercholesterolemia, Uncontrolled High Blood Pressure, etc.)
- COPD
- Cancer or undergoing treatment for cancer
- Allergies to milk or milk products, sugar alcohols, fructose, or gluten
- Anorexia or Bulimia
- Fasting intolerances/hypoglycemia
- pregnant women or those looking to become pregnant
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory
Saratoga Springs, New York, 12866
About this study
Official title: Effects of Daily Protein Supplementation for 8 Weeks on Improved Glucose, Insulin, and HbA1c Levels in Pre-Diabetics or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
This study will examine the effects of protein (whey) supplementation added to the normal diet of pre-diabetes or diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) men and women on plasma glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and total body fat levels. Specifically, this study will directly quantify the impact of 3x/day timed ingestion of supplemental whey protein (20 grams of 80 calories per serving) added to the normal diet of free-living pre-diabetic or T2DM men and women over an 8-week study period on the major diagnostic outcome of pre-diabetic and T2DM (HbA1c levels) and total body fat levels. This study will quantify changes in HbA1C and total body fat levels in 24 pre-diabetics or T2DM participants.
Read the detailed description
Previous investigations have demonstrated that simply adding 3 small protein feedings to the normal diet of overweight men and women, independent of caloric restriction and/or engaging in exercise training, significantly reduces body weight, fat mass, abdominal fat, waist circumference, and blood fat (triglyceride) levels (Arciero et al JAP, 2014), and confirms previous research (Baer et al, J Nutr, 2011). This timed ingestion is referred to as protein pacing (PP) and has been utilized in numerous scientific investigations with a great deal of success by the PI (see references). This one, simple, dietary modification, independent of reducing calorie intake and/or engaging in exercise training, is noteworthy and exceptional in terms of health improvements derived from diet alone. Unfortunately, the incidence and healthcare costs associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are overwhelming. Currently, more than 34 million Americans have T2DM (1 in 10) and is increasing at alarming rates (>4.0%/year) among all segments of the population. Equally disturbing, T2DM costs the US more than $330 billion a year, including $237 billion in direct medical costs and $90 billion in reduced worker productivity. Thus, identifying evidence-based, effective, time-efficient, and easy-to-follow lifestyle strategies are vital to reducing these staggering healthcare costs and improving the health of T2DM patients. Indeed, lifestyle therapies remain the most effective treatments for T2DM outcomes.
The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of protein (whey) supplementation added to the normal diet of pre-diabetes or diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) men and women on plasma glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and total body fat levels. Specifically, this study will directly quantify the impact of 3x/day timed ingestion of supplemental whey protein (20 grams of 80 calories per serving) added to the normal diet of free-living pre-diabetic or T2DM men and women over an 8-week study period on the major diagnostic outcome of pre-diabetic and T2DM (HbA1c levels) and total body fat levels. This study will quantify changes in HbA1C and total body fat levels in 24 pre-diabetics or T2DM participants.
- Conditions
- Type 2 Diabetes, HbA1c, Protein Intake
- Being tested
- PP
- Medical subject headings
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
PPDietary supplement
Protein Pacing three times per day
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Protein Pacing | Experimental | During the 8 week trial, the Protein Pacing (PP) group will consume 3 daily servings of whey protein powder mixed with water at timed intervals: morning (0600-0800), afternoon (1000-1400), and evening (2000-2200) in addition to their normal food intake. Receives: Dietary Supplement: PP |
| Standard Diet | No intervention | The participants in the CON will continue with their usual habitual dietary intake over the 8-week study and receive no intervention. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in HbA1c
Quantify changes in HbA1c blood levels vja finger stick of 40ul or venipuncture blood draw of 5ml per visit (weeks 0, 4, and 8)
Measured: 0 and 4, and 8 weeks
Secondary outcomes (4)
Change in total body fat and lean body mass
Quantitative measure of total body fat and muscle mass in kilograms using BODPod (air displacement plethysmography
Measured: 0, 4 and 8 weeks
Change in blood glucose, and lipids
Finger stick of 40ul or venipuncture blood draw of 5ml per visit (weeks 0, 4, and 8) to quantify changes in mg/dL
Measured: 0, 4 and 8 weeks
Change in physical activity
Quantitative measure of physical activity (kilocalories per day) using the ActiGraph accelerometer
Measured: 0, 4, and 8 weeks
Change in body weight
Quantitative measure of body weight in kilograms using a standard scale
Measured: weeks 0, 4, and 8
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted2 May 2022
- Study start6 Apr 2022
- Primary completion1 Apr 2023
- Study completion31 Dec 2024 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Type 2 DiabetesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- 24 volunteers with pre-diabetes or Type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=24) will be quasi-randomized to one of the two groups matched by sex (men/women) and body weight. Participants will be enrolled in the study as a single cohort and participate in a 8-week protein supplementation regimen consisting of three daily servings of whey protein along with their typical dietary intake.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 12 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Skidmore College
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Paul J Arciero, PhD, Principal investigator, Skidmore College
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05355090
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2111-1004
- Status last verified
- Apr 2024
- First submitted
- 20 Apr 2022
- Last updated
- 8 Apr 2024
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Arciero PJ, Edmonds R, He F, Ward E, Gumpricht E, Mohr A, Ormsbee MJ, Astrup A. Protein-Pacing Caloric-Restriction Enhances Body Composition Similarly in Obese Men and Women during Weight Loss and Sustains Efficacy during Long-Term Weight Maintenance. Nutrients. 2016 Jul 30;8(8):476. doi: 10.3390/nu8080476.
PubMed 27483317Arciero PJ, Baur D, Connelly S, Ormsbee MJ. Timed-daily ingestion of whey protein and exercise training reduces visceral adipose tissue mass and improves insulin resistance: the PRISE study. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2014 Jul 1;117(1):1-10. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00152.2014. Epub 2014 May 15.
PubMed 24833780Arciero PJ, Ormsbee MJ, Gentile CL, Nindl BC, Brestoff JR, Ruby M. Increased protein intake and meal frequency reduces abdominal fat during energy balance and energy deficit. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013 Jul;21(7):1357-66. doi: 10.1002/oby.20296. Epub 2013 May 23.
PubMed 23703835
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 8 Apr 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Daily Protein Supplementation for 8 Weeks on Improved Glucose, Insulin, and HbA1c Levels in Pre-Diabetics or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05355090
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2111-1004
- Conditions
- Type 2 Diabetes, HbA1c, Protein Intake
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 12 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Skidmore CollegeUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 6 Apr 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Apr 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Dec 2024 (estimated)
- First posted
- 2 May 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study will examine the effects of protein (whey) supplementation added to the normal diet of pre-diabetes or diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) men and women on plasma glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and total body fat levels. Specifically, this study will directly quantify the impact of 3x/day timed ingestion of supplemental whey protein (20 grams of 80 calories per serving) added to the normal diet of free-living pre-diabetic or T2DM men and women over an 8-week study period on the major diagnostic outcome of pre-diabetic and T2DM (HbA1c levels) and total body fat levels. This study will quantify changes in HbA1C and total body fat levels in 24 pre-diabetics or T2DM participants.
Detailed description
Previous investigations have demonstrated that simply adding 3 small protein feedings to the normal diet of overweight men and women, independent of caloric restriction and/or engaging in exercise training, significantly reduces body weight, fat mass, abdominal fat, waist circumference, and blood fat (triglyceride) levels (Arciero et al JAP, 2014), and confirms previous research (Baer et al, J Nutr, 2011). This timed ingestion is referred to as protein pacing (PP) and has been utilized in numerous scientific investigations with a great deal of success by the PI (see references). This one, simple, dietary modification, independent of reducing calorie intake and/or engaging in exercise training, is noteworthy and exceptional in terms of health improvements derived from diet alone. Unfortunately, the incidence and healthcare costs associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are overwhelming. Currently, more than 34 million Americans have T2DM (1 in 10) and is increasing at alarming rates (>4.0%/year) among all segments of the population. Equally disturbing, T2DM costs the US more than $330 billion a year, including $237 billion in direct medical costs and $90 billion in reduced worker productivity. Thus, identifying evidence-based, effective, time-efficient, and easy-to-follow lifestyle strategies are vital to reducing these staggering healthcare costs and improving the health of T2DM patients. Indeed, lifestyle therapies remain the most effective treatments for T2DM outcomes.
The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of protein (whey) supplementation added to the normal diet of pre-diabetes or diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) men and women on plasma glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and total body fat levels. Specifically, this study will directly quantify the impact of 3x/day timed ingestion of supplemental whey protein (20 grams of 80 calories per serving) added to the normal diet of free-living pre-diabetic or T2DM men and women over an 8-week study period on the major diagnostic outcome of pre-diabetic and T2DM (HbA1c levels) and total body fat levels. This study will quantify changes in HbA1C and total body fat levels in 24 pre-diabetics or T2DM participants.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- 24 volunteers with pre-diabetes or Type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=24) will be quasi-randomized to one of the two groups matched by sex (men/women) and body weight. Participants will be enrolled in the study as a single cohort and participate in a 8-week protein supplementation regimen consisting of three daily servings of whey protein along with their typical dietary intake.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Protein Pacing | Experimental | Dietary Supplement: PPDuring the 8 week trial, the Protein Pacing (PP) group will consume 3 daily servings of whey protein powder mixed with water at timed intervals: morning (0600-0800), afternoon (1000-1400), and evening (2000-2200) in addition to their normal food intake. |
| Standard Diet | No intervention | –The participants in the CON will continue with their usual habitual dietary intake over the 8-week study and receive no intervention. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 30 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- non-smoker
- weight stable (+/-2kg) for at least 6 months prior to beginning the study
- Pre-diabetic and Type 2 diabetic mellitus men and women with no known significant cardiovascular or metabolic diseases as assessed by a medical history and a comprehensive medical examination by their physicians
- Sedentary or lightly active (<30 min, 2d/wk of structured physical activity) as assessed by a Physical Activity questionnaire
Key exclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Emphysema
- Significant heart disease (CABG, CHF, VFib, Hypercholesterolemia, Uncontrolled High Blood Pressure, etc.)
- COPD
- Cancer or undergoing treatment for cancer
- Allergies to milk or milk products, sugar alcohols, fructose, or gluten
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| PPProtein Pacing three times per day | Dietary supplement | Protein Pacing |
Primary outcome
Change in HbA1c
Time frame: 0 and 4, and 8 weeks
Quantify changes in HbA1c blood levels vja finger stick of 40ul or venipuncture blood draw of 5ml per visit (weeks 0, 4, and 8)
4 secondary outcomes
Change in total body fat and lean body mass
Time frame: 0, 4 and 8 weeks
Change in blood glucose, and lipids
Time frame: 0, 4 and 8 weeks
Change in physical activity
Time frame: 0, 4, and 8 weeks
Change in body weight
Time frame: weeks 0, 4, and 8
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 8 Apr 2024.
- Background: PubMed 27483317Arciero PJ, Edmonds R, He F, Ward E, Gumpricht E, Mohr A, Ormsbee MJ, Astrup A. Protein-Pacing Caloric-Restriction Enhances Body Composition Similarly in Obese Men and Women during Weight Loss and Sustains Efficacy during Long-Term Weight Maintenance. Nutrients. 2016 Jul 30;8(8):476. doi: 10.3390/nu8080476.
- Background: PubMed 24833780Arciero PJ, Baur D, Connelly S, Ormsbee MJ. Timed-daily ingestion of whey protein and exercise training reduces visceral adipose tissue mass and improves insulin resistance: the PRISE study. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2014 Jul 1;117(1):1-10. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00152.2014. Epub 2014 May 15.
- Background: PubMed 23703835Arciero PJ, Ormsbee MJ, Gentile CL, Nindl BC, Brestoff JR, Ruby M. Increased protein intake and meal frequency reduces abdominal fat during energy balance and energy deficit. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013 Jul;21(7):1357-66. doi: 10.1002/oby.20296. Epub 2013 May 23.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Related trials for Type 2 Diabetes
Not yet recruitingPhase 3
Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly SHR-3167 Compared With Once-Daily Insulin Glargine in Adults With Insulin-Naive Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes
Active, not recruiting
Digital Reinforcement of Motivational Interviewing Micro-Skills Among Primary Care Healthcare Professionals
Hypertension (Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus)
Recruiting
Investigating Vascular Properties of HEMI and SPG Signals in Individuals With or at Risk for Chronic Kidney Disease
Chronic Kidney Disease, Hypertension (HTN)
Not yet recruitingPhase 3
A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness and Safety of the Drug AZD6234 for Managing Weight in Adults Who Are Obese or Overweight. These Participants May or May Not Also Have Type 2 Diabetes
Obesity, Overweight
Not yet recruiting
Impact of Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty (ESG) in Obese Adults With Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D), Obesity (BMI>30)
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Paul J Arciero, PhD principal investigator
Skidmore College
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing PP in people with Type 2 Diabetes and HbA1c, run by Skidmore College at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 8 Apr 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in HbA1c (time frame: 0 and 4, and 8 weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05355090, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 8 Apr 2024.