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COVID-19NCT05270694

Evaluating Public Health Interventions to Improve COVID-19 Testing Among Underserved Populations

A study testing Public Health Intervention Package in people with COVID-19, run by Kathleen Fairfield at 3 sites in United States.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected people from underserved and vulnerable populations such as low-income/uninsured, unhoused, and immigrant communities. These populations in the US are at a higher risk of acquiring COVID-19 because of poverty, type of occupation, greater use of public transit… Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
Conditions the study is for
COVID-19
What is being tested?
Public Health Intervention Package
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
102 participants
Where
3 sitesUnited States
Study dates
13 Apr 2022to 8 Nov 2023
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 years and older
  • All sexes
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Individual accesses services from one of these three public health facilities - community free clinic, needle exchange program, or STD clinic
  • Individual is currently unhoused or living in a Housing First development
  • Individual immigrated to the US, primarily from one of these six country groups - Somalia, Angola, Iraq or Syria, Burundi or Rwanda, Democratic Republic of the Congo, or a country in Latin America

Who cannot join

  • Individual is <18 years old

Trial locations and contacts

3 sites in 1 country.

United States3 sites
  • Greater Portland Health

    Portland, Maine, 04101

  • Portland Community Free Clinic

    Portland, Maine, 04101

  • Preble Street Learning Collaborative

    Portland, Maine, 04101

Other trials in United States

About this study

Official title: Understanding Factors Influencing COVID-19 Testing and Vaccination in Immigrant, Low-income and Unhoused Populations, and Testing Targeted Interventions [3U54GM115516=04S2 RADx-UP]

The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected people from underserved and vulnerable populations such as low-income/uninsured, unhoused, and immigrant communities. These populations in the US are at a higher risk of acquiring COVID-19 because of poverty, type of occupation, greater use of public transit, living in multigenerational housing, lack of access to quality healthcare, and more. Despite greater risk of being infected and dying of COVID-19, those in disadvantaged communities are less likely to get tested. The investigators are collaborating with community partners in Cumberland County, Maine to implement a public health intervention focused on making COVID-19 testing more accessible to underserved populations. The intervention includes a one-time in-person training on how to take an at-home COVID-19 test and then provision of at-home COVID-19 testing kits to make testing more accessible. Five testing kits are provided at the time of training and then provided every two months for a year, for a total of 35 testing kits.

In this study, the investigators will evaluate the impact of the at-home testing kit intervention on COVID-19 testing behavior, knowledge and attitudes. The investigators will accomplish this aim by following a community cohort, with a goal of recruiting 150 participants - 15 participants from each of our 10 population groups of interest (three groups that access different health services for low-income/uninsured, unhoused individuals, and six different immigrant groups). The investigators will administer surveys to the cohort participants every month over a 12 month period. Every month the survey will ask about testing behavior, and every other month the survey will also ask about knowledge and attitudes towards testing. In order to ensure access to COVID-19 tests, the cohort participants will be provided at-home testing kits throughout the course of the study. The primary outcome of interest is "recommended testing behavior," which is defined as taking a rapid COVID-19 test when experiencing symptoms of COVID-19 or after a close contact exposure.

The investigators hypothesize that knowledge about testing, favorable attitudes towards testing, and recommended testing behavior will increase as a result of participation in the study.

Conditions
COVID-19
Being tested
Public Health Intervention Package
Keywords
COVID-19 testing, Low-income populations, Immigrant populations, Unhoused populations, Uninsured populations
Medical subject headings
COVID-19

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Public Health Intervention PackageBehavioural

    The intervention package consists of two components:

    1. At the time of study enrollment, participants will attend an in-person training on how to properly take an at-home COVID-19 test. Study staff will verbally walk through the steps of the test with the participant while the participant administers the test on themselves, with the opportunity to ask questions and receive corrective feedback, as needed.
    2. To make COVID-19 testing more accessible, participants will be provided five at-home COVID-19 testing kits at the training and then every other month throughout the course of the year-long study for a total of 35 kits.
Study groups in NCT05270694
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
COVID-19 TestingExperimentalThe cohort participants will attend an in-person training on how to take an at-home COVID-19 test and also be provided with five at-home test kits at the training and every other month for a total of 35 kits over the course of a year.
Receives: Behavioral: Public Health Intervention Package

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Recommended Testing Proportion

    Primary outcome measures how many times a participant tested out of the total number of times they should have tested based on public health recommendations (i.e. symptomatic and/or had close contact exposure). Participants are sent a survey every month over the course of 12 months. The participant is asked if, in the past month, they had been in close contact with someone with COVID-19 and/or experienced COVID-19 symptoms. The survey then asks the participant to self-report on whether or not they took an at-home COVID-19 rapid antigen test. The data from all 12 surveys is summed to calculate a single value for "recommended testing proportion" for each participant.

    Metric = total # of times participant took COVID-19 rapid test when recommended / total # of times participant should have taken COVID-19 rapid test when recommended e.g. participant tested 7 times in total / 10 times in total when participant should have tested = 0.70 recommended testing across the 12 month time frame

    Measured: 12 months

Secondary outcomes (5)
  1. 1) Confidence in Ability to Use COVID-19 Tests

    The secondary outcome measures will include various knowledge and attitude questions that capture the participants' perceptions towards COVID-19 testing. These questions have 5-pt Likert response options. Participants will answer COVID-19 testing knowledge and attitude questions at the time of enrollment and then answer the same questions every 2 months over the course of 12 months for a total of 7 time points. We will calculate an average across the responses for each item during this 12 month period.

    Metric = Average testing perception for each knowledge/attitude item

    Item 1: How confident are you in your ability to properly conduct an at-home COVID-19 test? 1 = Not confident; 2 = A little confident; 3 = Confident; 4 = Quite confident; 5 = Very confident

    *Higher score is desired (i.e. indicates greater confidence)

    Measured: 12 months

  2. 2) Perceived Severity of Illness From COVID-19

    The secondary outcome measures will include various knowledge and attitude questions that capture the participants' perceptions towards COVID-19 testing. These questions have 5-pt Likert response options. Participants will answer COVID-19 testing knowledge and attitude questions at the time of enrollment and then answer the same questions every 2 months over the course of 12 months for a total of 7 time points. We will calculate an average across the responses for each item during this 12 month time period.

    Metric = Average testing perception for each knowledge/attitude item

    Item 2: Imagine you test positive for COVID-19. How severely do you think your health would be impacted? 1 = Not severe; 2 = A little severe; 3 = Severe; 4 = Quite severe; 5 = Very severe

    *Higher score is desired (i.e. indicates greater perceived severity around COVID illness)

    Measured: 12 months

  3. 3) Perceived Usefulness of COVID-19 Testing

    The secondary outcome measures will include various knowledge and attitude questions that capture the participants' perceptions towards COVID-19 testing. These questions have 5-pt Likert response options. Participants will answer COVID-19 testing knowledge and attitude questions at the time of enrollment and then answer the same questions every 2 months over the course of 12 months for a total of 7 time points. We will calculate an average across the responses for each item during this 12 month time period.

    Metric = Average testing perception for each knowledge/attitude item

    Item 3: Composite of two questions How important is it to you that you get tested for COVID-19 when you are experiencing symptoms or had a close contact?

    1 = Not important; 5 = Very important How useful do you think it is to take a COVID-19 test when you are experiencing symptoms or had a close contact?

    1 = Not at all useful; 5 = Very useful

    *Higher score is desired

    Measured: 12 months

  4. 4) Norms Around COVID-19 Testing

    Secondary outcomes include various knowledge and attitude questions that capture the participants' perceptions towards COVID-19 testing. These questions have 5-pt Likert response options. Participants will answer COVID-19 testing knowledge and attitude questions at the time of enrollment and then answer the same questions every 2 months over the course of 12 months for a total of 7 time points. We will calculate an average across the responses for each item during this 12 month period.

    Metric = Average testing perception for each knowledge/attitude item

    Item 4: Combines two questions Among the people you know, how many take a COVID-19 test when they are experiencing symptoms or had a close contact?

    1 = (Almost) none of them; 5 = (Almost) all of them Overall, among the people who are important to you, how much do they approve or disapprove of taking a COVID-19 test when you have symptoms or a close contact?

    1 = disapprove a lot; 5 = approve a lot

    *Higher score is desired

    Measured: 12 months

  5. 5) Commitment to COVID-19 Testing

    The secondary outcome measures will include various knowledge and attitude questions that capture the participants' perceptions towards COVID-19 testing. These questions have 5-pt Likert response options. Participants will answer COVID-19 testing knowledge and attitude questions at the time of enrollment and then answer the same questions every 2 months over the course of 12 months for a total of 7 time points. We will calculate an average across the responses for each item during this 12 month time period.

    Metric = Average testing perception for each knowledge/attitude item

    Item 5: How committed are you to taking a COVID-19 test when you are experiencing symptoms or had a close contact? 1 = Not at all committed; 2 = Somewhat committed; 3 = Committed; 4 = Quite committed; 5 = Very committed

    *Higher score is desired (i.e. indicates greater commitment towards testing)

    Measured: 12 months

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted8 Mar 2022
  2. Study start13 Apr 2022
  3. Primary completion8 Nov 2023
  4. Study completion8 Nov 2023

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Other
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Model description
150 participants will be enrolled into the cohort, with 15 participants from each of the 10 specific populations of interest (3 groups that access different health services for low-income/uninsured, unhoused individuals, and 6 different immigrant groups)
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
102 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT05270694
Sponsor's protocol ID
1795294
Status last verified
Mar 2025
First submitted
9 Feb 2022
Last updated
16 Apr 2025
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No

Publications

  • Clark E, Fredricks K, Woc-Colburn L, Bottazzi ME, Weatherhead J. Disproportionate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on immigrant communities in the United States. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020 Jul 13;14(7):e0008484. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008484. eCollection 2020 Jul. No abstract available.

    PubMed 32658925
  • Laurencin CT, McClinton A. The COVID-19 Pandemic: a Call to Action to Identify and Address Racial and Ethnic Disparities. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2020 Jun;7(3):398-402. doi: 10.1007/s40615-020-00756-0. Epub 2020 Apr 18.

    PubMed 32306369
  • Nayak A, Islam SJ, Mehta A, Ko YA, Patel SA, Goyal A, Sullivan S, Lewis TT, Vaccarino V, Morris AA, Quyyumi AA. Impact of Social Vulnerability on COVID-19 Incidence and Outcomes in the United States. medRxiv [Preprint]. 2020 Apr 17:2020.04.10.20060962. doi: 10.1101/2020.04.10.20060962.

    PubMed 32511437
  • Price-Haywood EG, Burton J, Fort D, Seoane L. Hospitalization and Mortality among Black Patients and White Patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020 Jun 25;382(26):2534-2543. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa2011686. Epub 2020 May 27.

    PubMed 32459916
  • Sy KTL, Martinez ME, Rader B, White LF. Socioeconomic Disparities in Subway Use and COVID-19 Outcomes in New York City. Am J Epidemiol. 2021 Jul 1;190(7):1234-1242. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwaa277.

    PubMed 33372209
  • Moore JT, Ricaldi JN, Rose CE, Fuld J, Parise M, Kang GJ, Driscoll AK, Norris T, Wilson N, Rainisch G, Valverde E, Beresovsky V, Agnew Brune C, Oussayef NL, Rose DA, Adams LE, Awel S, Villanueva J, Meaney-Delman D, Honein MA; COVID-19 State, Tribal, Local, and Territorial Response Team. Disparities in Incidence of COVID-19 Among Underrepresented Racial/Ethnic Groups in Counties Identified as Hotspots During June 5-18, 2020 - 22 States, February-June 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Aug 21;69(33):1122-1126. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6933e1.

    PubMed 32817602
  • Millett GA, Jones AT, Benkeser D, Baral S, Mercer L, Beyrer C, Honermann B, Lankiewicz E, Mena L, Crowley JS, Sherwood J, Sullivan PS. Assessing differential impacts of COVID-19 on black communities. Ann Epidemiol. 2020 Jul;47:37-44. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.05.003. Epub 2020 May 14.

    PubMed 32419766

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Public Health Intervention Package in people with COVID-19, run by Kathleen Fairfield at 3 sites in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 16 Apr 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 3 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 16 Apr 2025). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Recommended Testing Proportion (time frame: 12 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05270694, which also lists 7 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 16 Apr 2025.

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