COVID-19CONVINCENCT05244356
Health Communication to Influence COVID-19 Vaccination Intent and Message Propagation
A study testing Health message exposure in people with COVID-19 and Respiratory Disease, run by Clinical Research Centre, Malaysia at 1 site in Malaysia.
Trial summary
This is a randomised controlled experiment in the form of a web based survey study which randomly exposes participants to different forms of public health messages, after which participants will be assessed on their intent to take up the COVID-19 vaccine, recommend the vaccine, and also willingness to propagate the… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- COVID-19, Respiratory Disease, Vaccine Refusal
- What is being tested?
- Health message exposure
- Type of treatment
- Vaccines, Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 5,784 participants
- Where
- 1 siteMalaysia
- Study dates
- 29 Apr 2021to 7 Jun 2021
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Willing and able to give informed consent for participation in the trial
- Malaysian nationality.
- Can understand either the English or Malay language.
- Aged 18 years or above
Who cannot join
- Received at least one COVID-19 vaccination dose
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Malaysia1 site
Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Malaysia
Shah Alam, Selangor, 40170
About this study
Official title: Effective Public Health Communication to Influence COVID-19 Vaccination Intent and Message Propagation: A Randomized Controlled Experiment
This is a randomised controlled experiment in the form of a web based survey study which randomly exposes participants to different forms of public health messages, after which participants will be assessed on their intent to take up the COVID-19 vaccine, recommend the vaccine, and also willingness to propagate the exposed message.
- Conditions
- COVID-19, Respiratory Disease, Vaccine Refusal, Infectious Disease, Coronavirus Infections, Behavior, Health
- Being tested
- Health message exposure
- Keywords
- message, messaging, propagation, intent, vaccine, recommend
- Medical subject headings
- COVID-19, Respiration Disorders, Vaccination Refusal, Communicable Diseases, Coronavirus Infections, Health Behavior, Pneumonia, Respiratory Tract Infections
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Health message exposureBehavioural
Participants exposed to a health message and requested to read it completely. Subsequently requested to answer post intervention questions that form basis for outcome measures.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Descriptive Norm (70%) | Experimental | Intervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts:
1. Opening tag line highlighting the main concern that Malaysians have about the COVID-19 vaccine (safety and side effects)
2. Message content describing that about 70% of Malaysians have expressed acceptance for the COVID-19 vaccine.
3. Rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!" Receives: Behavioral: Health message exposure |
| Descriptive Norm | Experimental | Intervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts:
1. Opening tag line highlighting the main concern that Malaysians have about the COVID-19 vaccine (safety and side effects)
2. Message content describing that the COVID-19 vaccine has been widely tested including with the elderly and people with existing health conditions, while subsequently highlighting that the vaccine was already received by millions worldwide.
3. Rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!" Receives: Behavioral: Health message exposure |
| Healthcare worker (HCW) recommendation | Experimental | Intervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts:
1. Opening tag line highlighting the main concern that Malaysians have about the COVID-19 vaccine (safety and side effects)
2. Message content highlights recommendation from Malaysian healthcare workers to get the vaccine, since majority of them has already received it, including the Malaysian Health Director General
3. Rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!" Receives: Behavioral: Health message exposure |
| Negative attribute framing | Experimental | Intervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts:
1. Opening tag line highlighting the main concern that Malaysians have about the COVID-19 vaccine (safety and side effects)
2. Message content describing the rate of side effects occurring with COVID-19 vaccination in a negative frame.
3. Rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!" Receives: Behavioral: Health message exposure |
| Positive attribute framing | Experimental | Intervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts:
1. Opening tag line highlighting the main concern that Malaysians have about the COVID-19 vaccine (safety and side effects)
2. Message content describing the rate of side effects occurring with COVID-19 vaccination in a positive frame.
3. Rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!" Receives: Behavioral: Health message exposure |
| Risky choice framing (Safety) | Experimental | Intervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts:
1. Opening tag line highlighting the main concern that Malaysians have about the COVID-19 vaccine (safety and side effects)
2. Message content describing a risky choice frame which compares the death rates occurring with COVID-19 vaccination versus contracting the virus itself.
3. Rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!" Receives: Behavioral: Health message exposure |
| Risky choice framing (Side effects) | Experimental | Intervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts:
1. Opening tag line highlighting the main concern that Malaysians have about the COVID-19 vaccine (safety and side effects)
2. Message content describing a risky choice frame that compares the incidence rates of blood clots occurring with COVID-19 vaccination versus contracting COVID-19.
3. Rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!" Receives: Behavioral: Health message exposure |
| Control message | Experimental | Control message containing only rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!" Receives: Behavioral: Health message exposure |
| Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + Descriptive Norm | Experimental | Participants received 2 messages which were exposed one at a time. Sequence of message appearing randomly rotated. Receives: Behavioral: Health message exposure |
| Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + HCW recommendation | Experimental | Participants received 2 messages which were exposed one at a time. Sequence of message appearing randomly rotated. Receives: Behavioral: Health message exposure |
| Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + Negative attribute framing | Experimental | Participants received 2 messages which were exposed one at a time. Sequence of message appearing randomly rotated. Receives: Behavioral: Health message exposure |
| Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + Positive attribute framing | Experimental | Participants received 2 messages which were exposed one at a time. Sequence of message appearing randomly rotated. Receives: Behavioral: Health message exposure |
| Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + Risky choice framing (Safety) | Experimental | Participants received 2 messages which were exposed one at a time. Sequence of message appearing randomly rotated. Receives: Behavioral: Health message exposure |
| Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + Risky choice framing (Side effects) | Experimental | Participants received 2 messages which were exposed one at a time. Sequence of message appearing randomly rotated. Receives: Behavioral: Health message exposure |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in intent to accept the COVID-19 vaccine amongst the Malaysian adult population.
Outcome measure was assessed using a questionnaire answered through a 4 point ordinal scale. Scale ranges from '"Definitely no", "Not sure, but probably no", "Not sure, but probably yes"to Definitely yes".
Measured: Immediately before and after message exposure during questionnaire administration.
Change in intent to recommend the COVID-19 vaccine to healthy adults.
Outcome measure was assessed using a questionnaire answered through a 5 point ordinal scale. Scale ranges from "Strongly disagree", "Disagree", "Not sure", "Agree", and "Strongly agree".
Measured: Immediately before and after message exposure during questionnaire administration.
Change in intent to recommend the COVID-19 vaccine to elderly.
Outcome measure was assessed using a questionnaire answered through a 5 point ordinal scale. Scale ranges from "Strongly disagree", "Disagree", "Not sure", "Agree", and "Strongly agree".
Measured: Immediately before and after message exposure during questionnaire administration.
Change in intent to recommend the COVID-19 vaccine to people with existing health conditions.
Outcome measure was assessed using a questionnaire answered through a 5 point ordinal scale. Scale ranges from "Strongly disagree", "Disagree", "Not sure", "Agree", and "Strongly agree".
Measured: Immediately before and after message exposure during questionnaire administration.
Intent to share message on social media platform.
Outcome measure was assessed using a questionnaire answered through a 5 point ordinal scale.Scale ranges from "Strongly disagree", "Disagree", "Not sure", "Agree", and "Strongly agree".
Measured: Immediately after message exposure during questionnaire administration.
Secondary outcomes (2)
Moderators of vaccination intent.
Outcome measure assessed using a series of questions answered through a 5 point ordinal scale. Scale ranges from "Strongly disagree", "Disagree", "Not sure", "Agree", and "Strongly agree".
Measured: Immediately after message exposure during questionnaire administration.
Reliability of various information sources about COVID-19.
Outcome measure assessed using a questionnaire that list out various types of information sources and having participants to rate the reliability for each source using a 5 point ordinal scale. Scale ranges from "Strongly not reliable", "Not reliable, "Not sure", "Reliable", and "Strongly reliable".
Measured: Immediately after message exposure during questionnaire administration.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted17 Feb 2022
- Study start29 Apr 2021
- Primary completion7 Jun 2021
- Study completion7 Jun 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for COVID-19Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 5,784 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Clinical Research Centre, Malaysia
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Institute for Health Behavioral Research, Malaysia, University of Malaya, UNICEF Malaysia, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, London School of Economics and Political Science
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Nicholas Hing Yee Liang, Clinical Research Centre, Malaysia
- Investigators
- Yee Liang Hing, MSc., Principal investigator, Clinical Research Centre, Malaysia
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05244356
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- NMRR-21-26-58107
- Acronym
- CONVINCE
- Status last verified
- Feb 2022
- First submitted
- 10 Feb 2022
- Last updated
- 17 Feb 2022
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Hing NYL, Woon YL, Lee YK, Kim HJ, Lothfi NM, Wong E, Perialathan K, Ahmad Sanusi NH, Isa A, Leong CT, Costa-Font J. When do persuasive messages on vaccine safety steer COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and recommendations? Behavioural insights from a randomised controlled experiment in Malaysia. BMJ Glob Health. 2022 Jul;7(7):e009250. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009250.
PubMed 35906015
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 17 Feb 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effective Public Health Communication to Influence COVID-19 Vaccination Intent and Message Propagation: A Randomized Controlled Experiment
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05244356
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- CONVINCE / NMRR-21-26-58107
- Conditions
- COVID-19, Respiratory Disease, Vaccine Refusal, Infectious Disease, Coronavirus Infections, Behavior, Health
- Keywords
- message, messaging, propagation, intent, vaccine, recommend
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 5,784 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Clinical Research Centre, MalaysiaUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Institute for Health Behavioral Research, Malaysia, University of Malaya, UNICEF Malaysia, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, London School of Economics and Political Science
- Study start
- 29 Apr 2021 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 7 Jun 2021 (actual)
- Study completion
- 7 Jun 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 17 Feb 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This is a randomised controlled experiment in the form of a web based survey study which randomly exposes participants to different forms of public health messages, after which participants will be assessed on their intent to take up the COVID-19 vaccine, recommend the vaccine, and also willingness to propagate the exposed message.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 14
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Descriptive Norm (70%) | Experimental | Behavioral: Health message exposureIntervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts: 1. Opening tag line highlighting the main concern that Malaysians have about the COVID-19 vaccine (safety and side effects) 2. Message content describing that about 70% of Malaysians have expressed acceptance for the COVID-19 vaccine. 3. Rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!" |
| Descriptive Norm | Experimental | Behavioral: Health message exposureIntervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts: 1. Opening tag line highlighting the main concern that Malaysians have about the COVID-19 vaccine (safety and side effects) 2. Message content describing that the COVID-19 vaccine has been widely tested including with the elderly and people with existing health conditions, while subsequently highlighting that the vaccine was already received by millions worldwide. 3. Rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!" |
| Healthcare worker (HCW) recommendation | Experimental | Behavioral: Health message exposureIntervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts: 1. Opening tag line highlighting the main concern that Malaysians have about the COVID-19 vaccine (safety and side effects) 2. Message content highlights recommendation from Malaysian healthcare workers to get the vaccine, since majority of them has already received it, including the Malaysian Health Director General 3. Rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!" |
| Negative attribute framing | Experimental | Behavioral: Health message exposureIntervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts: 1. Opening tag line highlighting the main concern that Malaysians have about the COVID-19 vaccine (safety and side effects) 2. Message content describing the rate of side effects occurring with COVID-19 vaccination in a negative frame. 3. Rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!" |
| Positive attribute framing | Experimental | Behavioral: Health message exposureIntervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts: 1. Opening tag line highlighting the main concern that Malaysians have about the COVID-19 vaccine (safety and side effects) 2. Message content describing the rate of side effects occurring with COVID-19 vaccination in a positive frame. 3. Rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!" |
| Risky choice framing (Safety) | Experimental | Behavioral: Health message exposureIntervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts: 1. Opening tag line highlighting the main concern that Malaysians have about the COVID-19 vaccine (safety and side effects) 2. Message content describing a risky choice frame which compares the death rates occurring with COVID-19 vaccination versus contracting the virus itself. 3. Rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!" |
| Risky choice framing (Side effects) | Experimental | Behavioral: Health message exposureIntervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts: 1. Opening tag line highlighting the main concern that Malaysians have about the COVID-19 vaccine (safety and side effects) 2. Message content describing a risky choice frame that compares the incidence rates of blood clots occurring with COVID-19 vaccination versus contracting COVID-19. 3. Rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!" |
| Control message | Experimental | Behavioral: Health message exposureControl message containing only rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!" |
| Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + Descriptive Norm | Experimental | Behavioral: Health message exposureParticipants received 2 messages which were exposed one at a time. Sequence of message appearing randomly rotated. |
| Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + HCW recommendation | Experimental | Behavioral: Health message exposureParticipants received 2 messages which were exposed one at a time. Sequence of message appearing randomly rotated. |
| Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + Negative attribute framing | Experimental | Behavioral: Health message exposureParticipants received 2 messages which were exposed one at a time. Sequence of message appearing randomly rotated. |
| Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + Positive attribute framing | Experimental | Behavioral: Health message exposureParticipants received 2 messages which were exposed one at a time. Sequence of message appearing randomly rotated. |
| Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + Risky choice framing (Safety) | Experimental | Behavioral: Health message exposureParticipants received 2 messages which were exposed one at a time. Sequence of message appearing randomly rotated. |
| Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + Risky choice framing (Side effects) | Experimental | Behavioral: Health message exposureParticipants received 2 messages which were exposed one at a time. Sequence of message appearing randomly rotated. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Willing and able to give informed consent for participation in the trial
- Malaysian nationality.
- Can understand either the English or Malay language.
- Aged 18 years or above
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Received at least one COVID-19 vaccination dose
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Health message exposureParticipants exposed to a health message and requested to read it completely. Subsequently requested to answer post intervention questions that form basis for outcome measures. | Behavioural | Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + Descriptive Norm, Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + HCW recommendation, Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + Negative attribute framing, Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + Positive attribute framing, Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + Risky choice framing (Safety), Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + Risky choice framing (Side effects), Control message, Descriptive Norm, Descriptive Norm (70%), Healthcare worker (HCW) recommendation, Negative attribute framing, Positive attribute framing, Risky choice framing (Safety), Risky choice framing (Side effects) |
Primary outcome
Change in intent to accept the COVID-19 vaccine amongst the Malaysian adult population.
Time frame: Immediately before and after message exposure during questionnaire administration.
Outcome measure was assessed using a questionnaire answered through a 4 point ordinal scale. Scale ranges from '"Definitely no", "Not sure, but probably no", "Not sure, but probably yes"to Definitely yes".
Change in intent to recommend the COVID-19 vaccine to healthy adults.
Time frame: Immediately before and after message exposure during questionnaire administration.
Outcome measure was assessed using a questionnaire answered through a 5 point ordinal scale. Scale ranges from "Strongly disagree", "Disagree", "Not sure", "Agree", and "Strongly agree".
Change in intent to recommend the COVID-19 vaccine to elderly.
Time frame: Immediately before and after message exposure during questionnaire administration.
Outcome measure was assessed using a questionnaire answered through a 5 point ordinal scale. Scale ranges from "Strongly disagree", "Disagree", "Not sure", "Agree", and "Strongly agree".
Change in intent to recommend the COVID-19 vaccine to people with existing health conditions.
Time frame: Immediately before and after message exposure during questionnaire administration.
Outcome measure was assessed using a questionnaire answered through a 5 point ordinal scale. Scale ranges from "Strongly disagree", "Disagree", "Not sure", "Agree", and "Strongly agree".
Intent to share message on social media platform.
Time frame: Immediately after message exposure during questionnaire administration.
Outcome measure was assessed using a questionnaire answered through a 5 point ordinal scale.Scale ranges from "Strongly disagree", "Disagree", "Not sure", "Agree", and "Strongly agree".
2 secondary outcomes
Moderators of vaccination intent.
Time frame: Immediately after message exposure during questionnaire administration.
Reliability of various information sources about COVID-19.
Time frame: Immediately after message exposure during questionnaire administration.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 17 Feb 2022.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 35906015Hing NYL, Woon YL, Lee YK, Kim HJ, Lothfi NM, Wong E, Perialathan K, Ahmad Sanusi NH, Isa A, Leong CT, Costa-Font J. When do persuasive messages on vaccine safety steer COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and recommendations? Behavioural insights from a randomised controlled experiment in Malaysia. BMJ Glob Health. 2022 Jul;7(7):e009250. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009250.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Yee Liang Hing, MSc. principal investigator
Clinical Research Centre, Malaysia
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Health message exposure in people with COVID-19 and Respiratory Disease, run by Clinical Research Centre, Malaysia at 1 site in Malaysia.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 17 Feb 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Malaysia. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in intent to accept the COVID-19 vaccine amongst the Malaysian adult population. (time frame: Immediately before and after message exposure during questionnaire administration.). The study lists 5 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05244356, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 17 Feb 2022.