Vaccine RefusalNCT05238428
Understanding and Overcoming the Racial/Ethnic Inequalities in COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance
A study testing Trust boost in people with Vaccine Refusal, run by University of Essex at 1 site in United Kingdom.
Trial summary
With the constant threat of new epidemic waves and the emergence of variants, COVID-19 resilience can only be attained when a sufficient level of immunity is achieved. Yet, in the US and the UK, COVID-19 vaccination campaigns have failed to secure consistent vaccination acceptance in racial/ethnic minority… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Vaccine Refusal
- What is being tested?
- Trust boost
- Type of treatment
- Vaccines, Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 4,039 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited Kingdom
- Study dates
- 3 Feb 2022to 5 Mar 2022
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
None listed.
Who cannot join
- if participants complete the study in less than 5 minutes
- if participants complete the study without paying attention (as indicated by their answers to two attention check questions)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United Kingdom1 site
Qualtrics. The data is gathered via an online platform.
London
About this study
Official title: Mind the Vaccination Gap: Understanding and Overcoming the Racial/Ethnic Inequalities in COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance
With the constant threat of new epidemic waves and the emergence of variants, COVID-19 resilience can only be attained when a sufficient level of immunity is achieved. Yet, in the US and the UK, COVID-19 vaccination campaigns have failed to secure consistent vaccination acceptance in racial/ethnic minority communities. Despite racial/ethnic minorities being more at risk from COVID-19, they are less vaccinated than the White majority. The investigators propose that current vaccination invitation messages are deemed less trustworthy by racial/ethnic minorities than the White majority and that this might partly explain reduced vaccination acceptance. To provide causal evidence of the role of trust and actionable insights, the investigators will experimentally assess the benefits of new invitation messages to receive the COVID-19 booster dose in large, racially/ethnically diverse samples in the US and the UK. Results will evidence how to increase message and source trustworthiness to foster trust and vaccination acceptance across racial/ethnic groups.
- Conditions
- Vaccine Refusal
- Being tested
- Trust boost
- Keywords
- COVID-19 vaccination acceptance, vaccine hesitancy, trust, health inequality, racial/ethnicity
- Medical subject headings
- Vaccination Refusal, Vaccination Hesitancy
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Trust boostBehavioural
The investigators adapt the wording of the vaccination invitation to foster trust and increase vaccination acceptance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Control sender + control content | No intervention | Participants will read the following text in an online survey: You are invited to book your COVID-19 booster vaccination. Click here to book an appointment: accurx.thirdparty.nhs.uk/r/aafwaczmd5 |
| Control sender + Low trust boost content | Experimental | Participants will read the following text in an online survey:
You are invited to book your COVID-19 booster vaccination. The vaccine reduces your chance of becoming infected and protects you against severe forms of the illness. It also protects your loved ones by reducing the risk that you infect others. COVID can be severe, don't risk it.
Click here to book an appointment: accurx.thirdparty.nhs.uk/r/aafwaczmd5 Receives: Behavioral: Trust boost |
| Control sender + Medium trust boost content | Experimental | Participants will read the following text in an online survey:
You are invited to book your COVID-19 booster vaccination. The vaccine reduces your chance of becoming infected and protects you against severe forms of the illness. It also protects your loved ones by reducing the risk that you infect others. COVID can be severe, don't risk it.
Vaccines may cause side effects, but the benefits outweigh the risks. The most common side effects are very mild (e.g., sore arm, fever) and severe side effects are very rare (e.g., allergic reaction).
Click here to book an appointment: accurx.thirdparty.nhs.uk/r/aafwaczmd5 Receives: Behavioral: Trust boost |
| Control sender+ high trust boost content | Experimental | Participants will read the following text in an online survey:
You are invited to book your COVID-19 booster vaccination. The vaccine reduces your chance of becoming infected and protects you against severe forms of the illness. It also protects your loved ones by reducing the risk that you infect others. COVID can be severe, don't risk it.
This vaccination is especially important for people who are at higher risk from COVID such as older individuals or those from ethnic minorities.
Vaccines may cause side effects, but the benefits outweigh the risks. The most common side effects are very mild (e.g., sore arm, a fever) and severe side effects are very rare (e.g., allergic reaction).
Click here to book an appointment: accurx.thirdparty.nhs.uk/r/aafwaczmd5 Receives: Behavioral: Trust boost |
| Low trust boost Sender + control content | Experimental | Participants will read the following text in an online survey:
As your local GP, I would like to invite you to book your COVID-19 booster vaccination.
Click here to book an appointment: accurx.thirdparty.nhs.uk/r/aafwaczmd5 Receives: Behavioral: Trust boost |
| Low trust boost Sender + low trust boost content | Experimental | Participants will read the following text in an online survey:
As your local GP, I would like to invite you to book your COVID-19 booster vaccination.
The vaccine reduces your chance of becoming infected and protects you against severe forms of the illness. It also protects your loved ones by reducing the risk that you infect others. COVID can be severe, don't risk it.
Click here to book an appointment: accurx.thirdparty.nhs.uk/r/aafwaczmd5 Receives: Behavioral: Trust boost |
| Low trust boost Sender + medium trust boost content | Experimental | Participants will read the following text in an online survey:
As your local GP, I would like to invite you to book your COVID-19 booster vaccination.
The vaccine reduces your chance of becoming infected and protects you against severe forms of the illness. It also protects your loved ones by reducing the risk that you infect others. COVID can be severe, don't risk it.
Vaccines may cause side effects, but the benefits outweigh the risks. The most common side effects are very mild (e.g., sore arm, fever) and severe side effects are very rare (e.g., allergic reaction).
Click here to book an appointment: accurx.thirdparty.nhs.uk/r/aafwaczmd5 Receives: Behavioral: Trust boost |
| Low trust boost sender + high trust boost content | Experimental | Participants will read the following text in an online survey:
As your local GP, I would like to invite you to book your COVID-19 booster vaccination.
The vaccine reduces your chance of becoming infected and protects you against severe forms of the illness. It also protects your loved ones by reducing the risk that you infect others. COVID can be severe, don't risk it.
This vaccination is especially important for people who are at higher risk from COVID such as older individuals or those from ethnic minorities.
Vaccines may cause side effects, but the benefits outweigh the risks. The most common side effects are very mild (e.g., sore arm, a fever) and severe side effects are very rare (e.g., allergic reaction).
Click here to book an appointment: accurx.thirdparty.nhs.uk/r/aafwaczmd5 Receives: Behavioral: Trust boost |
| Medium trust boost Sender + control content | Experimental | Participants will read the following text in an online survey:
As your local GP and a health expert who cares for the local community, I would like to invite you to book your COVID-19 booster vaccination.
Click here to book an appointment: accurx.thirdparty.nhs.uk/r/aafwaczmd5 Receives: Behavioral: Trust boost |
| Medium trust boost sender + low trust boost content | Experimental | Participants will read the following text in an online survey:
As your local GP and a health expert who cares for the local community, I would like to invite you to book your COVID-19 booster vaccination.
The vaccine reduces your chance of becoming infected and protects you against severe forms of the illness. It also protects your loved ones by reducing the risk that you infect others. COVID can be severe, don't risk it.
Click here to book an appointment: accurx.thirdparty.nhs.uk/r/aafwaczmd5 Receives: Behavioral: Trust boost |
| Medium trust boost sender + Medium trust boost content | Experimental | Participants will read the following text in an online survey:
As your local GP and a health expert who cares for the local community, I would like to invite you to book your COVID-19 booster vaccination.
The vaccine reduces your chance of becoming infected and protects you against severe forms of the illness. It also protects your loved ones by reducing the risk that you infect others. COVID can be severe, don't risk it.
Vaccines may cause side effects, but the benefits outweigh the risks. The most common side effects are very mild (e.g., sore arm, fever) and severe side effects are very rare (e.g., allergic reaction).
Click here to book an appointment: accurx.thirdparty.nhs.uk/r/aafwaczmd5 Receives: Behavioral: Trust boost |
| Medium trust boost Sender+ high trust boost content | Experimental | Participants will read the following text in an online survey:
As your local GP and a health expert who cares for the local community, I would like to invite you to book your COVID-19 booster vaccination.
The vaccine reduces your chance of becoming infected and protects you against severe forms of the illness. It also protects your loved ones by reducing the risk that you infect others. COVID can be severe, don't risk it.
This vaccination is especially important for people who are at higher risk from COVID such as older individuals or those from ethnic minorities.
Vaccines may cause side effects, but the benefits outweigh the risks. The most common side effects are very mild (e.g., sore arm, a fever) and severe side effects are very rare (e.g., allergic reaction).
Click here to book an appointment: accurx.thirdparty.nhs.uk/r/aafwaczmd5 Receives: Behavioral: Trust boost |
| High trust boost sender + control content | Experimental | Participants will read the following text in an online survey:
As your local GP and a health expert who cares for the local community, I would like to invite you to book your COVID-19 booster vaccination.
Click here to book an appointment: accurx.thirdparty.nhs.uk/r/aafwaczmd5
Dr Sanjay Kumar Receives: Behavioral: Trust boost |
| High trust boost sender + low trust boost content | Experimental | Participants will read the following text in an online survey:
As your local GP and a health expert who cares for the local community, I would like to invite you to book your COVID-19 booster vaccination.
The vaccine reduces your chance of becoming infected and protects you against severe forms of the illness. It also protects your loved ones by reducing the risk that you infect others. COVID can be severe, don't risk it.
Click here to book an appointment: accurx.thirdparty.nhs.uk/r/aafwaczmd5
Dr Sanjay Kumar Receives: Behavioral: Trust boost |
| High trust boost Sender + medium trust boost content | Experimental | Participants will read the following text in an online survey:
As your local GP and a health expert who cares for the local community, I would like to invite you to book your COVID-19 booster vaccination.
The vaccine reduces your chance of becoming infected and protects you against severe forms of the illness. It also protects your loved ones by reducing the risk that you infect others. COVID can be severe, don't risk it.
Vaccines may cause side effects, but the benefits outweigh the risks. The most common side effects are very mild (e.g., sore arm, fever) and severe side effects are very rare (e.g., allergic reaction).
Click here to book an appointment: accurx.thirdparty.nhs.uk/r/aafwaczmd5
Dr Sanjay Kumar Receives: Behavioral: Trust boost |
| High trust boost sender + high trust boost content | Experimental | Participants will read the following text in an online survey:
As your local GP and a health expert who cares for the local community, I would like to invite you to book your COVID-19 booster vaccination.
The vaccine reduces your chance of becoming infected and protects you against severe forms of the illness. It also protects your loved ones by reducing the risk that you infect others. COVID can be severe, don't risk it.
This vaccination is especially important for people who are at higher risk from COVID such as older individuals or those from ethnic minorities.
Vaccines may cause side effects, but the benefits outweigh the risks. The most common side effects are very mild (e.g., sore arm, a fever) and severe side effects are very rare (e.g., allergic reaction).
Click here to book an appointment: accurx.thirdparty.nhs.uk/r/aafwaczmd5
Dr Sanjay Kumar Receives: Behavioral: Trust boost |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Trust perception
Perceived trustworthiness of the vaccine invitation. Participants will rate how trustworthy is the invitation message on a 5 point Likert scale (1: Untrustworthy 3: Not sure, 5: Trustworthy)
Measured: immediately after intervention
Vaccination appointment booking
Likelihood to book a vaccination appointment via the message. Participants will report if they would use the link in the message to book their vaccination appointment on a 5 point Likert scale (1: No, I would not, 3: Not sure/maybe later, 5: Yes, I would)
Measured: immediately after intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted14 Feb 2022
- Study start3 Feb 2022
- Primary completion28 Feb 2022
- Study completion5 Mar 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Vaccine RefusalStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Model description
- In a 4 x 4 experimental design, the investigators will manipulate the content of the vaccination invitation message in within-subject and the message source in between-subjects. Each participant will hence read four versions of the COVID-19 booster vaccination invitation message sent by one of the four possible sources.
- Masking
- Quadruple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 4,039 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Essex
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Southern California, Department of Health and Social Care, UK, Kingston University
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Marie Juanchich, University of Essex
- Investigators
- Marie Juanchich, PhD, Study chair, University of Essex
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05238428
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- ETH2122-0265
- Status last verified
- May 2022
- First submitted
- 1 Feb 2022
- Last updated
- 24 May 2022
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: The data of the study will be shared on the Open Science Framework after publication.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 24 May 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Mind the Vaccination Gap: Understanding and Overcoming the Racial/Ethnic Inequalities in COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05238428
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- ETH2122-0265
- Conditions
- Vaccine Refusal
- Keywords
- COVID-19 vaccination acceptance, vaccine hesitancy, trust, health inequality, racial/ethnicity
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 4,039 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of EssexUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Southern California, Department of Health and Social Care, UK, Kingston University
- Study start
- 3 Feb 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 28 Feb 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 5 Mar 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 14 Feb 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
With the constant threat of new epidemic waves and the emergence of variants, COVID-19 resilience can only be attained when a sufficient level of immunity is achieved. Yet, in the US and the UK, COVID-19 vaccination campaigns have failed to secure consistent vaccination acceptance in racial/ethnic minority communities. Despite racial/ethnic minorities being more at risk from COVID-19, they are less vaccinated than the White majority. The investigators propose that current vaccination invitation messages are deemed less trustworthy by racial/ethnic minorities than the White majority and that this might partly explain reduced vaccination acceptance. To provide causal evidence of the role of trust and actionable insights, the investigators will experimentally assess the benefits of new invitation messages to receive the COVID-19 booster dose in large, racially/ethnically diverse samples in the US and the UK. Results will evidence how to increase message and source trustworthiness to foster trust and vaccination acceptance across racial/ethnic groups.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Quadruple blind (participant, care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 16
- Model description
- In a 4 x 4 experimental design, the investigators will manipulate the content of the vaccination invitation message in within-subject and the message source in between-subjects. Each participant will hence read four versions of the COVID-19 booster vaccination invitation message sent by one of the four possible sources.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Control sender + control content | No intervention | –Participants will read the following text in an online survey: You are invited to book your COVID-19 booster vaccination. Click here to book an appointment: accurx.thirdparty.nhs.uk/r/aafwaczmd5 |
| Control sender + Low trust boost content | Experimental | Behavioral: Trust boostParticipants will read the following text in an online survey: You are invited to book your COVID-19 booster vaccination. The vaccine reduces your chance of becoming infected and protects you against severe forms of the illness. It also protects your loved ones by reducing the risk that you infect others. COVID can be severe, don't risk it. Click here to book an appointment: accurx.thirdparty.nhs.uk/r/aafwaczmd5 |
| Control sender + Medium trust boost content | Experimental | Behavioral: Trust boostParticipants will read the following text in an online survey: You are invited to book your COVID-19 booster vaccination. The vaccine reduces your chance of becoming infected and protects you against severe forms of the illness. It also protects your loved ones by reducing the risk that you infect others. COVID can be severe, don't risk it. Vaccines may cause side effects, but the benefits outweigh the risks. The most common side effects are very mild (e.g., sore arm, fever) and severe side effects are very rare (e.g., allergic reaction). Click here to book an appointment: accurx.thirdparty.nhs.uk/r/aafwaczmd5 |
| Control sender+ high trust boost content | Experimental | Behavioral: Trust boostParticipants will read the following text in an online survey: You are invited to book your COVID-19 booster vaccination. The vaccine reduces your chance of becoming infected and protects you against severe forms of the illness. It also protects your loved ones by reducing the risk that you infect others. COVID can be severe, don't risk it. This vaccination is especially important for people who are at higher risk from COVID such as older individuals or those from ethnic minorities. Vaccines may cause side effects, but the benefits outweigh the risks. The most common side effects are very mild (e.g., sore arm, a fever) and severe side effects are very rare (e.g., allergic reaction). Click here to book an appointment: accurx.thirdparty.nhs.uk/r/aafwaczmd5 |
| Low trust boost Sender + control content | Experimental | Behavioral: Trust boostParticipants will read the following text in an online survey: As your local GP, I would like to invite you to book your COVID-19 booster vaccination. Click here to book an appointment: accurx.thirdparty.nhs.uk/r/aafwaczmd5 |
| Low trust boost Sender + low trust boost content | Experimental | Behavioral: Trust boostParticipants will read the following text in an online survey: As your local GP, I would like to invite you to book your COVID-19 booster vaccination. The vaccine reduces your chance of becoming infected and protects you against severe forms of the illness. It also protects your loved ones by reducing the risk that you infect others. COVID can be severe, don't risk it. Click here to book an appointment: accurx.thirdparty.nhs.uk/r/aafwaczmd5 |
| Low trust boost Sender + medium trust boost content | Experimental | Behavioral: Trust boostParticipants will read the following text in an online survey: As your local GP, I would like to invite you to book your COVID-19 booster vaccination. The vaccine reduces your chance of becoming infected and protects you against severe forms of the illness. It also protects your loved ones by reducing the risk that you infect others. COVID can be severe, don't risk it. Vaccines may cause side effects, but the benefits outweigh the risks. The most common side effects are very mild (e.g., sore arm, fever) and severe side effects are very rare (e.g., allergic reaction). Click here to book an appointment: accurx.thirdparty.nhs.uk/r/aafwaczmd5 |
| Low trust boost sender + high trust boost content | Experimental | Behavioral: Trust boostParticipants will read the following text in an online survey: As your local GP, I would like to invite you to book your COVID-19 booster vaccination. The vaccine reduces your chance of becoming infected and protects you against severe forms of the illness. It also protects your loved ones by reducing the risk that you infect others. COVID can be severe, don't risk it. This vaccination is especially important for people who are at higher risk from COVID such as older individuals or those from ethnic minorities. Vaccines may cause side effects, but the benefits outweigh the risks. The most common side effects are very mild (e.g., sore arm, a fever) and severe side effects are very rare (e.g., allergic reaction). Click here to book an appointment: accurx.thirdparty.nhs.uk/r/aafwaczmd5 |
| Medium trust boost Sender + control content | Experimental | Behavioral: Trust boostParticipants will read the following text in an online survey: As your local GP and a health expert who cares for the local community, I would like to invite you to book your COVID-19 booster vaccination. Click here to book an appointment: accurx.thirdparty.nhs.uk/r/aafwaczmd5 |
| Medium trust boost sender + low trust boost content | Experimental | Behavioral: Trust boostParticipants will read the following text in an online survey: As your local GP and a health expert who cares for the local community, I would like to invite you to book your COVID-19 booster vaccination. The vaccine reduces your chance of becoming infected and protects you against severe forms of the illness. It also protects your loved ones by reducing the risk that you infect others. COVID can be severe, don't risk it. Click here to book an appointment: accurx.thirdparty.nhs.uk/r/aafwaczmd5 |
| Medium trust boost sender + Medium trust boost content | Experimental | Behavioral: Trust boostParticipants will read the following text in an online survey: As your local GP and a health expert who cares for the local community, I would like to invite you to book your COVID-19 booster vaccination. The vaccine reduces your chance of becoming infected and protects you against severe forms of the illness. It also protects your loved ones by reducing the risk that you infect others. COVID can be severe, don't risk it. Vaccines may cause side effects, but the benefits outweigh the risks. The most common side effects are very mild (e.g., sore arm, fever) and severe side effects are very rare (e.g., allergic reaction). Click here to book an appointment: accurx.thirdparty.nhs.uk/r/aafwaczmd5 |
| Medium trust boost Sender+ high trust boost content | Experimental | Behavioral: Trust boostParticipants will read the following text in an online survey: As your local GP and a health expert who cares for the local community, I would like to invite you to book your COVID-19 booster vaccination. The vaccine reduces your chance of becoming infected and protects you against severe forms of the illness. It also protects your loved ones by reducing the risk that you infect others. COVID can be severe, don't risk it. This vaccination is especially important for people who are at higher risk from COVID such as older individuals or those from ethnic minorities. Vaccines may cause side effects, but the benefits outweigh the risks. The most common side effects are very mild (e.g., sore arm, a fever) and severe side effects are very rare (e.g., allergic reaction). Click here to book an appointment: accurx.thirdparty.nhs.uk/r/aafwaczmd5 |
| High trust boost sender + control content | Experimental | Behavioral: Trust boostParticipants will read the following text in an online survey: As your local GP and a health expert who cares for the local community, I would like to invite you to book your COVID-19 booster vaccination. Click here to book an appointment: accurx.thirdparty.nhs.uk/r/aafwaczmd5 Dr Sanjay Kumar |
| High trust boost sender + low trust boost content | Experimental | Behavioral: Trust boostParticipants will read the following text in an online survey: As your local GP and a health expert who cares for the local community, I would like to invite you to book your COVID-19 booster vaccination. The vaccine reduces your chance of becoming infected and protects you against severe forms of the illness. It also protects your loved ones by reducing the risk that you infect others. COVID can be severe, don't risk it. Click here to book an appointment: accurx.thirdparty.nhs.uk/r/aafwaczmd5 Dr Sanjay Kumar |
| High trust boost Sender + medium trust boost content | Experimental | Behavioral: Trust boostParticipants will read the following text in an online survey: As your local GP and a health expert who cares for the local community, I would like to invite you to book your COVID-19 booster vaccination. The vaccine reduces your chance of becoming infected and protects you against severe forms of the illness. It also protects your loved ones by reducing the risk that you infect others. COVID can be severe, don't risk it. Vaccines may cause side effects, but the benefits outweigh the risks. The most common side effects are very mild (e.g., sore arm, fever) and severe side effects are very rare (e.g., allergic reaction). Click here to book an appointment: accurx.thirdparty.nhs.uk/r/aafwaczmd5 Dr Sanjay Kumar |
| High trust boost sender + high trust boost content | Experimental | Behavioral: Trust boostParticipants will read the following text in an online survey: As your local GP and a health expert who cares for the local community, I would like to invite you to book your COVID-19 booster vaccination. The vaccine reduces your chance of becoming infected and protects you against severe forms of the illness. It also protects your loved ones by reducing the risk that you infect others. COVID can be severe, don't risk it. This vaccination is especially important for people who are at higher risk from COVID such as older individuals or those from ethnic minorities. Vaccines may cause side effects, but the benefits outweigh the risks. The most common side effects are very mild (e.g., sore arm, a fever) and severe side effects are very rare (e.g., allergic reaction). Click here to book an appointment: accurx.thirdparty.nhs.uk/r/aafwaczmd5 Dr Sanjay Kumar |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (0 listed)
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- if participants complete the study in less than 5 minutes
- if participants complete the study without paying attention (as indicated by their answers to two attention check questions)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Trust boostThe investigators adapt the wording of the vaccination invitation to foster trust and increase vaccination acceptance. | Behavioural | Control sender + Low trust boost content, Control sender + Medium trust boost content, Control sender+ high trust boost content, High trust boost Sender + medium trust boost content, High trust boost sender + control content, High trust boost sender + high trust boost content, High trust boost sender + low trust boost content, Low trust boost Sender + control content, Low trust boost Sender + low trust boost content, Low trust boost Sender + medium trust boost content, Low trust boost sender + high trust boost content, Medium trust boost Sender + control content, Medium trust boost Sender+ high trust boost content, Medium trust boost sender + Medium trust boost content, Medium trust boost sender + low trust boost content |
Primary outcome
Trust perception
Time frame: immediately after intervention
Perceived trustworthiness of the vaccine invitation. Participants will rate how trustworthy is the invitation message on a 5 point Likert scale (1: Untrustworthy 3: Not sure, 5: Trustworthy)
Vaccination appointment booking
Time frame: immediately after intervention
Likelihood to book a vaccination appointment via the message. Participants will report if they would use the link in the message to book their vaccination appointment on a 5 point Likert scale (1: No, I would not, 3: Not sure/maybe later, 5: Yes, I would)
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 24 May 2022.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. The data of the study will be shared on the Open Science Framework after publication.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Marie Juanchich, PhD study chair
University of Essex
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Trust boost in people with Vaccine Refusal, run by University of Essex at 1 site in United Kingdom.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 0 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 24 May 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United Kingdom. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Trust perception (time frame: immediately after intervention). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 24 May 2022.