Transgender PersonsNCT05187442

The Experiences of Erotic and Sexual Risk of Transgender Men: Exploratory Research Design

An observational study of Transgender Persons and Sexual Health, run by National Taiwan University at 1 site in Taiwan.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record

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Trial summary

Who is it for?: Ages 20 years and older
Conditions the study is for: Transgender Persons, Sexual Health
What is being tested?: questionnaire, interview
How many people: 350 participants
Where: 1 siteTaiwan
Study dates: 12 Jan 2022to 31 Jul 2023
How long will I take part?: 6 Months
Phase: Observational
Are there results?: Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

Ages 20 years and older
All sexes
No healthy volunteers
Adult, Older adult

Study population: 1. The personal network of the research team is used to search for eligible TMs via social media platforms, such as Facebook (FB), Instagram (IG), and group of Line app. 2. The recruitment materials will be published on transgender communities, social media platforms, non-governmental organizations, and YouTube, etc., to recruit the participants. 3. The participants who finished the online questionnaire will be encourage to invite and transfer their network who meet the inclusion criteria via Line app or email address to our research team.

Who may be able to join

People who used to or currently self-identified as transgender men, regardless of whether they have sex reassignment surgery.
Be over 20 years old.
Citizen and live in Taiwan.

Who cannot join

Not self-identify as transgender men
Younger than 20 years old
Not citizen and not live in Taiwan.
Second stage
People who used to or currently self-identified as transgender men, transgender woman or non-binary, regardless of whether they have gender-affirming surgery.
Be over 20 years old.

Show all 10Show fewer

Citizen and live in Taiwan.
Not self-identify as transgender men, transgender woman or non-binary.
Younger than 20 years old
Not citizen and not live in Taiwan.

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

Taiwan1 site

School of Nursing of National Taiwan University
Taipei, 100

Other trials in Taiwan

About this study

Transgender male (TM) is the minority and difficult to reach-up group. Therefore, there is a lack of research on private issues involving TM, such as sex, eroticism, and sexual risk behavior. This study focuses on TM as the research participant, based on Milton Mayeroff's caring theory, to understand the TM's erotic culture and the sexual risks behavior, to evaluate the need for subsequent sexual health care. The research method is a mixed methods research of explanatory design, which recruits participants through purposive sampling and respondent-driven sample (RDS) methods. The first stage is an online questionnaire survey. A total of 321 TMs were recruited. The time of online questionnaire is about 10-15 minutes to get a preliminary understanding of the erotic and sexual risk experience of TM in Taiwan. In the second stage, focus groups and in-depth interviews will be conducted, 2 hours of each group and interview. A total of 29 transgender man and women, and non-binary participants were recruited. The recruitment will be stop when the data are saturated. The analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data can get an in-depth understanding of sex, eroticism, and sexual risk, and violence experiences of the participants. The research results are important for improving the awareness and identification of sexual risk and the assessment of sexual health care needs of TM in health care profession. The results also serve as a reference guide for the development of care needs on sexual health care and anti-violence of transgender people, and for the implement of a gender-friendly environment for medical care.

Conditions: Transgender Persons, Sexual Health
Being tested: questionnaire, interview

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

questionnaire, interviewOther
The first stage is an online questionnaire survey. A total of 321 TMs were recruited. The time of online questionnaire is about 10-15 minutes to get a preliminary understanding of the erotic and sexual risk experience of TM in Taiwan. In the second stage, focus groups and in-depth interviews will be conducted, 2 hours of each group and interview. A total of 29 transgender man and women, and non-binary participants were recruited.

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

Experience of Erotic and Sexual Risk of Transgender Men(Demographic Data, Transgender Affirmation Questionnaire)
After signing the online consent form, fill out the demographic information form and transgender affirmation questionnaire on Google Forms to calculate population proportions and averages.(First stage)
Measured: At time of entry into study
Ages of Transgender Men
After signing the online consent form, fill out the ages on Google Forms to calculate population proportions and averages.(First stage)
Measured: At time of entry into study
Experience of Erotic and Sexual Risk of Transgender Men (Short Sexual Well Being Scale)
After signing the online consent form, fill out the Short Sexual Well Being Scale on Google Forms to calculate population proportions and averages.(First stage)
Short Sexual Well Being Scale:There are a total of five questions, using a Likert 7 lit table, with scores ranging from 5 (minimum) to 35 (maximum), with the higher the score, the better Sexual Well Being.
1. I disagree completely, 2. I disagree, 3. I disagree a little, 4. Neutral, 5. I somewhat agree, 6. I agree, 7. I completely agree
Measured: At time of entry into study
Experience of Erotic and Sexual Risk of Transgender Men (STIs Prevention Questionnaire)
After signing the online consent form, fill out the STIs prevention questionnaire on Google Forms to calculate population proportions and averages.(First stage)
Measured: At time of entry into study
Violence Experience of Transgender (Experiences of Abuse & Coping Strategies)
In the second stage, focus groups and in-depth interviews will be conducted, 2 hours of each group and interview.
The interview outline was revised based on the questionnaire analysis results, and TMs who met the research requirements were selected from the questionnaire respondents to conduct physical focus groups or in-depth face-to-face or video semi-structured interviews on the theme of violence experience. We also recruited Trans woman and non-binary gender groups to conduct focus groups and in-depth interviews to compare the differences in their experiences of violence.
The data were categorized into two main themes:Experiences of Abuse \& Coping Strategies.
Measured: months3-6(In the second stage)

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

12 Jan 202231 Jul 2023

First posted11 Jan 2022
Study start12 Jan 2022
Primary completion30 Jun 2023
Study completion31 Jul 2023

Resources

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
Other trials for Transgender PersonsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design

Study type: Observational
Observational model: Cohort
Time perspective: Cross-sectional
Enrolment: 350 participants (actual)
Target duration: 6 Months

IDs, dates and publications

ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05187442
Sponsor's protocol ID: 20210HS3001
Status last verified: Jul 2025
First submitted: 22 Dec 2021
Last updated: 22 Jul 2025
Results posted: Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
FDA-regulated drug: No
FDA-regulated device: No

Want to know more?

The sponsor has not listed a contact. The official record may have more details.

Talk to your doctor first and take this page with you. Only the study team can confirm whether you can join.

Questions to ask the study team

What is the study trying to find out?
What would I need to do, and how often would I visit?
Could I receive a placebo instead of the treatment?
What are the possible risks and benefits for me?
Will it cost me anything? Are travel or time paid for?
Can I keep seeing my own doctor during the study?
What happens when the study ends?

See locations

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All Transgender Persons trials

Study at a glance

From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 22 Jul 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.

Official title: The Experiences of Erotic and Sexual Risk of Transgender Men: Exploratory Research Design
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05187442
Acronym / sponsor ID: 20210HS3001
Conditions: Transgender Persons, Sexual Health
Study type: Observational
Recruitment status: Completed
Enrolment: 350 participants (actual)
Lead sponsor: National Taiwan UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
Collaborators: Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
Study start: 12 Jan 2022 (actual)
Primary completion: 30 Jun 2023 (actual)
Study completion: 31 Jul 2023 (actual)
First posted: 11 Jan 2022 (actual)
Results: Posted 22 Jul 2025

Clinical summary

The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.

Study design

Observational model: Cohort
Time perspective: Cross-sectional
Target follow-up: 6 Months

Who may qualify

Ages: 20 years and older
Sex: All
Healthy volunteers: Not accepted
Age groups: Adult, Older adult
Study population: 1. The personal network of the research team is used to search for eligible TMs via social media platforms, such as Facebook (FB), Instagram (IG), and group of Line app. 2. The recruitment materials will be published on transgender communities, social media platforms, non-governmental organizations, and YouTube, etc., to recruit the participants. 3. The participants who finished the online questionnaire will be encourage to invite and transfer their network who meet the inclusion criteria via Line app or email address to our research team.

Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)

People who used to or currently self-identified as transgender men, regardless of whether they have sex reassignment surgery.
Be over 20 years old.
Citizen and live in Taiwan.

Key exclusion criteria (10 listed)

Not self-identify as transgender men
Younger than 20 years old
Not citizen and not live in Taiwan.
Second stage
People who used to or currently self-identified as transgender men, transgender woman or non-binary, regardless of whether they have gender-affirming surgery.

Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Interventions

Intervention	Type	Arms
questionnaire, interviewThe first stage is an online questionnaire survey. A total of 321 TMs were recruited. The time of online questionnaire is about 10-15 minutes to get a preliminary understanding of the erotic and sexual risk experience of TM in Taiwan. In the second stage, focus groups and in-depth interviews will be conducted, 2 hours of each group and interview. A total of 29 transgender man and women, and non-binary participants were recruited.	Other	–

Primary outcome

Experience of Erotic and Sexual Risk of Transgender Men(Demographic Data, Transgender Affirmation Questionnaire)
Time frame: At time of entry into study
After signing the online consent form, fill out the demographic information form and transgender affirmation questionnaire on Google Forms to calculate population proportions and averages.(First stage)
Ages of Transgender Men
Time frame: At time of entry into study
After signing the online consent form, fill out the ages on Google Forms to calculate population proportions and averages.(First stage)
Experience of Erotic and Sexual Risk of Transgender Men (Short Sexual Well Being Scale)
Time frame: At time of entry into study
After signing the online consent form, fill out the Short Sexual Well Being Scale on Google Forms to calculate population proportions and averages.(First stage) Short Sexual Well Being Scale:There are a total of five questions, using a Likert 7 lit table, with scores ranging from 5 (minimum) to 35 (maximum), with the higher the score, the better Sexual Well Being. 1. I disagree completely, 2. I disagree, 3. I disagree a little, 4. Neutral, 5. I somewhat agree, 6. I agree, 7. I completely agree
Experience of Erotic and Sexual Risk of Transgender Men (STIs Prevention Questionnaire)
Time frame: At time of entry into study
After signing the online consent form, fill out the STIs prevention questionnaire on Google Forms to calculate population proportions and averages.(First stage)
Violence Experience of Transgender (Experiences of Abuse & Coping Strategies)
Time frame: months3-6(In the second stage)
In the second stage, focus groups and in-depth interviews will be conducted, 2 hours of each group and interview. The interview outline was revised based on the questionnaire analysis results, and TMs who met the research requirements were selected from the questionnaire respondents to conduct physical focus groups or in-depth face-to-face or video semi-structured interviews on the theme of violence experience. We also recruited Trans woman and non-binary gender groups to conduct focus groups and in-depth interviews to compare the differences in their experiences of violence. The data were categorized into two main themes:Experiences of Abuse \& Coping Strategies.

Results and safety

Results posted to the registry on 22 Jul 2025, as reported by the sponsor. Figures are copied from the record, not re-analysed. Full results on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Participant flow

Group	Started	Completed
Transgender	321	321

Primary outcome: Experience of Erotic and Sexual Risk of Transgender Men(Demographic Data, Transgender Affirmation Questionnaire)

Time frame: At time of entry into study. Count of participants. Unit: Participants

Measure	Transgender n = 321
Gender identity :male	269
Gender identity:other	52
Sexual orientation:heterosexual	166
Sexual orientation:gay	37
Sexual orientation:bisexuality	77
Sexual orientation:pansexuality	33
Sexual orientation:asexuality	6
Sexual orientation:other	2

Population analysed: Transgender individuals

Primary outcome: Ages of Transgender Men

Time frame: At time of entry into study. Mean (Full Range). Unit: years

Measure	Transgender n = 321
Value	29.81 (20 to 47)

Primary outcome: Experience of Erotic and Sexual Risk of Transgender Men (Short Sexual Well Being Scale)

Time frame: At time of entry into study. Mean (Full Range). Unit: score on a scale

Measure	Transgender n = 321
Value	20.42 (5 to 30)

Primary outcome: Experience of Erotic and Sexual Risk of Transgender Men (STIs Prevention Questionnaire)

Time frame: At time of entry into study. Count of participants. Unit: Participants

Measure	Transgender n = 321
HIV screening	69
HPV screening	43
Pap smear	55
STIs	46
used PrEP within a year	3

Adverse events

Time frame: Quantitative Research: From the point when research participants signed the informed consent and completed the questionnaire to the distribution of vouchers, we tracked participants for approximately one year, with no adverse events reported. Qualitative Research: From the point when research participants signed the informed consent and participated in focus groups to the distribution of vouchers, we tracked participants for approximately 6 months, with no adverse events reported.. Other adverse events reported at 0% frequency or more

Group	Serious adverse events	Other adverse events	Deaths
Transgender	0 of 350 (0%)	0 of 350 (0%)	0 of 350

Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…

Research links

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 22 Jul 2025.
Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.

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Referral and contact

AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.

The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.

1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

An observational study of Transgender Persons and Sexual Health, run by National Taiwan University at 1 site in Taiwan.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 10 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 22 Jul 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Taiwan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 22 Jul 2025). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Experience of Erotic and Sexual Risk of Transgender Men(Demographic Data, Transgender Affirmation Questionnaire) (time frame: At time of entry into study). The study lists 5 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05187442.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 22 Jul 2025; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 8 Nov 2026.