The Effect of Whole Body Vibration Training in Individuals With Post COVID - 19

it monitors the course of symptoms and their impact on the functional status of patients. The scale is ordinal, has 6 steps ranging from 0 (no symptoms) to 5 (death, D), and covers the entire range of functional outcomes by focusing on limitations in usual duties/activities either at home or at work/study, as well as changes in lifestyle

Fatigue will be assessed using the Chalder fatigue scale (CFQ-11). It contains 11 items on an ordinal 0 to 3 scale, which are summed to a total score (range 0-33; 33 denotes maximal symptoms) and two subscales: physical fatigue (seven items, range 0-21) and mental fatigue (four items, range 0-12). The CFQ-11 also has an alternative scoring algorithm, bimodal scoring, where each item response is dichotomized; 0 (0 to 1) or 1 (2 to 3) and summed to a 0-11 scale. Conventionally, fatigue case-status (fatigued vs. non-fatigued) is defined using this scale with a cut-off at <4 vs. ≥4

It is a method in which activities of daily living and comorbid conditions are evaluated, where 1 point denotes very fit individuals and 9 points denotes highly fragile individuals (terminal patients, individuals with a life expectancy of less than 6 months) and clinical decision is effective. In many studies, clinical frailty scale has been shown to be effective in predicting outcomes such as mortality and length of stay in hospitalized patients.

The EQ-5D is a validated, generic, preference-based, health-status measure consisting of five descriptive questions concerning five domains of HRQoL (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/ depression). Each question is answered with one of the three potential responses as follows: (1) 'no problems', (2) 'moderate problems' and (3) 'severe problems.' An index score ranging from -0.59 to 1 is calculated from the 5 dimensions of the scale. In the score function, a value of 0 indicates death, a value of 1 indicates perfect health, while negative values indicate conditions such as unconsciousness and being confined to a bed.

The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a brief and widely used instrument to measure psychological distress. It provides a HADS-depression (HADS-D) and a HADS-anxiety (HADS-A) score. Both total scores range from 0 to 21. At the end of the validity study conducted in Turkey, the cut-off score for the anxiety subscale was found to be 10/11 and 7/8 for the depression subscale. Accordingly, those who score above these points are considered as a risk group.

The scale consists of 22 items that measure the subjective stress levels of individuals exposed to traumatic life events. Each item is evaluated on a 5-point Likert-type scale (0 = Never, 4 = Always). The scale consists of three subscales: hyperarousal, avoidance, and intrusion. The IES-R subscores were categorized as normal (0-23 IES-R points), mild (24-32 IES-R points), moderate (33-36 IES-R points), and severe psychological impact of events (>37 IES-R points).

The PSQI allows evaluating the quality and disturbances of sleep over one month. The questionnaire consists of 19 self-assessed questions that are categorized into 7 components: 1) sleep quality, 2) sleep latency, 3) sleep duration, 4) sleep efficiency, 5) sleep disorders, 6) medication use to sleep, and 7) daytime sleepiness. Each component is classified in a score ranging from 0 to 3. The sum of the scores for these 7 components produces a score ranging from 0 to 21. It presents a cutoff point where it considers good sleep quality if PSQI≤5 and poor sleep quality if PSQI>5

Static posturography formed with four separate plates and each force plate measures the perpendicular pressure of the anterior and posterior feet. Participants took off their shoes, positioned their feet on the plates, and stood in a comfortable position. Eight different postures were evaluated for the test and each posture was measured for 32 seconds. For the postural variable factors, the stability index (ST), Fourier index, weight distribution index (WDI), and the synchronization index (SI) are measured.

this will be used for both balance and Short Physical Performance Battery. It is a test based on crossing the patient's hands at the chest and making the most repetition possible by sitting and lifting continuously for 30 seconds. The number of sit down and stand up is recorded by the physiotherapist.

The Visual Analog Scale is frequently used in many clinical and epidemiological studies to evaluate the intensity and frequency of symptoms, especially pain, in patients. It is a table that evaluates between 0-10 or 0-100, which is used to convert these values that cannot be measured numerically. we will use this for pain and fatşgue assessment

This scale questions the location and localization of pain on a body chart. The Standardized Nordic Questionnaire is a standardized international tool used to assess musculoskeletal complaints. The presence of musculoskeletal symptoms was defined as pain, soreness, or discomfort in one of nine areas of the body. These regions; neck, shoulder, upper back, elbow, wrist, lower back, hip, knee and ankle.

It was developed by M. E. Charlson in 1987 for the long-term prognosis of patients. The Charlson comorbidity index has been a useful tool for researchers in studies of measuring comorbidity in health databases. 19 comorbid diseases are scored based on the relative risk of one-year mortality. The patient's age is then added to the comorbidity score. In conclusion, the index score sum has been shown to be an indicator of disease burden and useful in predicting mortality for COVID-19 patients.

The C19-YRS was used to record patients' symptoms, functioning, and disability. A global health question was used to measure the overall impact of Post COVID syndrome on health.

It is a scale developed to evaluate patients' degree of dyspnea more objectively. It includes activities that provoke the feeling of breathlessness, such as walking and climbing stairs with 5 points. In less than a minute, the patient will select a score from the MMRC scale based on their degree of dyspnea. The MMRC scale is defined as a differential tool that categorizes patients according to their disease level.

It is a scale that is frequently used to evaluate the severity of dyspnea on exertion and the severity of dyspnea at rest. It consists of ten items describing the severity of dyspnea according to their degrees.

The Lawton-Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living is an appropriate tool for assessing independent living skills. The function measured with this scale has 8 fields. These include the ability to use the telephone, shopping, preparing meals, housekeeping, laundry, mode of transportation, medication responsibility, and financial management. The maximum score that can be obtained from the scale is 17, and the minimum score is 0.

The Barthel Scale/Index (BI) is an ordinal scale used to measure performance in activities of daily living (ADL). The Barthel includes 10 personal activities: feeding, personal toileting, bathing, dressing and undressing, getting on and off a toilet, controlling bladder, controlling bowel, moving from wheelchair to bed and returning, walking on level surface (or propelling a wheelchair if unable to walk) and ascending and descending stairs. The Barthel Index measures the degree of assistance required by an individual on 10 items of mobility and self care ADL. The possible score is between 0-100 (0-20 points fully dependent, 21-61 points highly dependent, 62-90 points moderately dependent, 91-99 points mildly dependent, 100 points fully independent).

it will be used to measure physical performance. The short physical performance battery (SPPB) is a group of measures that combines the results of the gait speed, chair stand and balance tests. It has been used as a predictive tool for possible disability and can aid in the monitoring of function. The scores range from 0 (worst performance) to 12 (best performance).