Bell PalsyNCT04936152
Mirror Therapy on PC in Acute Bell's Palsy.
A study testing mime therapy using tablet PC mirror application in people with Bell Palsy, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
The objective of this study is to compare the effects of mime therapy using mirror therapy application of tablet PC vs mime therapy on acute bell's palsy. Study Design was Randomized control trial with Sample Size was 22. Sampling Technique was Purposive sampling. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 30 to 60 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Bell Palsy
- What is being tested?
- mime therapy using tablet PC mirror application
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 22 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 15 Aug 2020to 30 Dec 2020
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 30 to 60 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Acute bell's palsy ( 2-3 weeks)
Who cannot join
- Individuals with the other neurological deficits
- Visual impairment
- History of facial palsy of central type
- Surgical intervention for ear and facial nerve palsy.
- Non co-operative patients.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Effects of Mirror Therapy Application of Tablet pc on Acute Bell's Palsy.
The objective of this study is to compare the effects of mime therapy using mirror therapy application of tablet PC vs mime therapy on acute bell's palsy. Study Design was Randomized control trial with Sample Size was 22. Sampling Technique was Purposive sampling. Randomization was done through a sealed envelope method. Study Setting included Physiotherapy department of DHQ Teaching Hospital, Mirpur Azad Kashmir. Inclusion criteria were Age between 30-60year, Both male \& female and Acute bell's palsy ( 2-3 weeks). Exclusion criteria were Individuals with the other neurological deficits, Visual impairment, History of facial palsy of central type, Surgical intervention for ear and facial nerve palsy and Non-co-operative patients. tools used for assessment was Sunnybrook Facial Grading system scale, House-Brackmann Facial Grading System and Patients Global Impression of Change. Individuals who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. All participants went through randomization and divided into two groups Experimental group 1 (these individuals will receive mime therapy using tablet PC mirror application)and Experimental group 2 (these individuals will receive the control intervention including the mime therapy). Pre-intervention assessment is made for both groups. Then intervention will apply to both groups. Estimated time of treatment protocol will be 30 minutes session, 4 times/week for 4 weeks in the hospital setting. Subjects will be evaluated at baseline, then 2nd week and 4th-week assessment will be the final. All statistical analyses were performed through SPSS 21. Normality of data was assessed and after checking normality parametric or non-parametric test was applied accordingly.
.
Read the detailed description
Damage or dysfunction of the facial nerve can result in paralysis, abnormal muscle tone, abnormal movement patterns, eye irritations, and decreased facial expression. Medical conditions that can typically result in facial nerve dysfunction are Bell's palsy, herpesvirus, temporal bone fracture, facial or head trauma, acoustic neuroma excision, facial nerve schwannoma, vascular damage, and neoplasms. The facial nerve sustains impairment more often than any other nerve in the body. The term Bells' Palsy is defined as an idiopathic, acute and unilateral paresis or paralysis of the face which may be partial or complete occurring with equal frequencies on right and left sides of the face. The major cause of Bell's Palsy is idiopathic, accounting for 50% of all cases. Other few suggested causes are exposure to cold, middle ear infections, dental and ENT surgeries and traumatic. The problems faced in the acute phase of Bell's palsy include difficulty in closing the affected side-eye, facial deviation to the unaffected side, difficulty in drinking, eating and speaking along with psychological problems and facial appearance is the main concern in any phase of Bell's palsy. Complete recovery of facial function in Bell's palsy occurs in 70% of people within three months (Peitersen 1994) with about 30% of people continuing to suffer facial asymmetry at rest and during movement, as well as synkinesis. Treatment of Bell's palsy is controversial due to the lack of large, randomized, controlled, prospective studies. There are indications that steroids or antiviral agents are beneficial but also studies, which show no beneficial effect. Additional measures include eye protection, physiotherapy, acupuncture, botulinum toxin, or possibly surgery. A Cochrane review done by in February 2011 has concluded that there is only very low-quality evidence that facial exercise reduces sequel in acute cases. A study done in 2009 has concluded that massage done in mime therapy has shown to create new growth and increase the production of collagen and connective tissue in facial muscles and restore facial muscle action. A study done on mime therapy efficacy in patients with long term facial nerve paresis shows that mime therapy improves facial symmetry.A study of 2014 observed the half-mirror biofeedback exercise in combination with three botulinum toxin after facial paralysis. Half-mirror biofeedback rehabilitation designed for facial sequelae shows good results in combination with botulinum toxin therapy. This facial rehabilitation strategy, consisting of three injections of botulinum toxin and half-mirror biofeedback exercises, proceeds over the course of 2 years and offers a long-lasting cure for facial synkinesis and facial symmetry as well as improved facial aesthetics. A study in 2011 on facial biofeedback rehabilitation with a mirror after administration of a single dose of botulinum A toxin on facial synkinesis was examined in patients with chronic facial palsy concluded that Facial biofeedback rehabilitation with a mirror after administration of a single dose of botulinum A toxin can be a long-lasting treatment of established facial synkinesis. A study of, 2013 Mime therapy improves facial symmetry and functions more than conventional therapy and home exercises in people with acute Bell's Palsy. No difference was found between conventional therapy and home exercise program. A study in, 2016 investigate the effects of mirror therapy using a tablet PC for post-stroke central facial paresis. A prospective, randomized controlled study was performed. Twenty-one post-stroke patients were enrolled. All patients performed 15 minutes of orofacial exercise twice daily for 14 days concluded that mirror therapy using a tablet PC might be an effective tool for treating central facial paresis after stroke. The past research records are evident that therapists have worked with mime therapy and mirror therapy. The two protocols have not been complimented for rehabilitation. So the aim of this study is to observe and determine the combined effect of these two treatment protocols to get the results and improve the facial symmetry in acute bell's palsy patients.
- Conditions
- Bell Palsy
- Being tested
- mime therapy using tablet PC mirror application, the control intervention including the mime therapy
- Keywords
- Bell Palsy, mime therapy, mirror therapy
- Medical subject headings
- Bell Palsy
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
mime therapy using tablet PC mirror applicationOther
After the baseline assessment, The patient in the experimental group will receive mirror therapy and mime therapy.
Exercises time period is 30 min/session
Mime Therapy Using Tablet PC:
Mirror therapy using tablet PC mirror application We will use a tablet PC mirror application that can convert images from right to left. In the mirror group, the mirror application was used during the exercise. Patients watched the tablet PC screen. The mirror application converts the image from right to left.
- Mime therapy include Mime therapy will consists of auto massage- effleurage and kneading for 10 to 15minutes on both the sides of the face, stretching exercises of the muscles of the affected side followed by facilitation, specific low intensity exercises to co-ordinate both the halves of the face, active assisted exercises for affected side of the face, exercises of mouth and eye with simultaneous inhibition of synkinesis if present.
the control intervention including the mime therapyOther
After the baseline assessment, The patient in the experimental group will receive mime therapy Mime therapy include Mime therapy will consists of auto massage- effleurage and kneading for 10 to 15minutes on both the sides of the face, stretching exercises of the muscles of the affected side followed by facilitation, specific low intensity exercises to co-ordinate both the halves of the face, active assisted exercises for affected side of the face, exercises of mouth and eye with simultaneous inhibition of synkinesis if present.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| mime therapy using tablet PC mirror application | Active comparator | these individuals will receive mime therapy using tablet PC mirror application Receives: Other: mime therapy using tablet PC mirror application |
| the control intervention including the mime therapy | Experimental | these individuals will receive the control intervention including the mime therapy). Receives: Other: the control intervention including the mime therapy |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Sunnybrook Facial Grading system scale
The Sunnybrook facial grading scale is a regionally weighted system that includes evaluation of resting symmetry, degree of voluntary movements and synkinesis to form a composite score from 0 to 100, where 0 is complete paralysis and 100 normal facial functions.
The tool will be used for assessment.
Measured: 4 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted23 Jun 2021
- Study start15 Aug 2020
- Primary completion15 Nov 2020
- Study completion30 Dec 2020
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (12)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Bell PalsyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Riphah International UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 22 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Dr Aruba Saeed, PHD*, Principal investigator, Riphah International University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04936152
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- REC/00658 Ameemah Talib
- Status last verified
- Aug 2021
- First submitted
- 21 Dec 2020
- Last updated
- 19 Aug 2021
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Cronin GW, Steenerson RL. The effectiveness of neuromuscular facial retraining combined with electromyography in facial paralysis rehabilitation. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003 Apr;128(4):534-8. doi: 10.1016/S0194-59980300005-6.
PubMed 12707657Santos MA, Caiaffa Filho HH, Vianna MF, Almeida AG, Lazarini PR. Varicella zoster virus in Bell's palsy: a prospective study. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2010 May-Jun;76(3):370-3. doi: 10.1590/S1808-86942010000300016.
PubMed 20658018Devriese PP. Rehabilitation of facial expression ("mime therapy"). Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1994 Dec:S42-3. No abstract available.
PubMed 10774308Baugh RF, Basura GJ, Ishii LE, Schwartz SR, Drumheller CM, Burkholder R, Deckard NA, Dawson C, Driscoll C, Gillespie MB, Gurgel RK, Halperin J, Khalid AN, Kumar KA, Micco A, Munsell D, Rosenbaum S, Vaughan W. Clinical practice guideline: Bell's palsy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2013 Nov;149(3 Suppl):S1-27. doi: 10.1177/0194599813505967.
PubMed 24189771Beurskens CH, Heymans PG. Mime therapy improves facial symmetry in people with long-term facial nerve paresis: a randomised controlled trial. Aust J Physiother. 2006;52(3):177-83. doi: 10.1016/s0004-9514(06)70026-5.
PubMed 16942452Finsterer J. Management of peripheral facial nerve palsy. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2008 Jul;265(7):743-52. doi: 10.1007/s00405-008-0646-4. Epub 2008 Mar 27.
PubMed 18368417Teixeira LJ, Soares BG, Vieira VP, Prado GF. Physical therapy for Bell s palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Jul 16;(3):CD006283. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006283.pub2.
PubMed 18646144Lee JM, Choi KH, Lim BW, Kim MW, Kim J. Half-mirror biofeedback exercise in combination with three botulinum toxin A injections for long-lasting treatment of facial sequelae after facial paralysis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2015 Jan;68(1):71-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2014.08.067. Epub 2014 Sep 18.
PubMed 25444667Azuma T, Nakamura K, Takahashi M, Ohyama S, Toda N, Iwasaki H, Kalubi B, Takeda N. Mirror biofeedback rehabilitation after administration of single-dose botulinum toxin for treatment of facial synkinesis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2012 Jan;146(1):40-5. doi: 10.1177/0194599811424125. Epub 2011 Sep 30.
PubMed 21965443Kang JA, Chun MH, Choi SJ, Chang MC, Yi YG. Effects of Mirror Therapy Using a Tablet PC on Central Facial Paresis in Stroke Patients. Ann Rehabil Med. 2017 Jun;41(3):347-353. doi: 10.5535/arm.2017.41.3.347. Epub 2017 Jun 29.
PubMed 28758071Neely JG, Cherian NG, Dickerson CB, Nedzelski JM. Sunnybrook facial grading system: reliability and criteria for grading. Laryngoscope. 2010 May;120(5):1038-45. doi: 10.1002/lary.20868.
PubMed 20422701Reitzen SD, Babb JS, Lalwani AK. Significance and reliability of the House-Brackmann grading system for regional facial nerve function. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009 Feb;140(2):154-8. doi: 10.1016/j.otohns.2008.11.021.
PubMed 19201280
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 19 Aug 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Mirror Therapy Application of Tablet pc on Acute Bell's Palsy.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04936152
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- REC/00658 Ameemah Talib
- Conditions
- Bell Palsy
- Keywords
- Bell Palsy, mime therapy, mirror therapy
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 22 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Aug 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Nov 2020 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Dec 2020 (actual)
- First posted
- 23 Jun 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The objective of this study is to compare the effects of mime therapy using mirror therapy application of tablet PC vs mime therapy on acute bell's palsy. Study Design was Randomized control trial with Sample Size was 22. Sampling Technique was Purposive sampling. Randomization was done through a sealed envelope method. Study Setting included Physiotherapy department of DHQ Teaching Hospital, Mirpur Azad Kashmir. Inclusion criteria were Age between 30-60year, Both male \& female and Acute bell's palsy ( 2-3 weeks). Exclusion criteria were Individuals with the other neurological deficits, Visual impairment, History of facial palsy of central type, Surgical intervention for ear and facial nerve palsy and Non-co-operative patients. tools used for assessment was Sunnybrook Facial Grading system scale, House-Brackmann Facial Grading System and Patients Global Impression of Change. Individuals who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. All participants went through randomization and divided into two groups Experimental group 1 (these individuals will receive mime therapy using tablet PC mirror application)and Experimental group 2 (these individuals will receive the control intervention including the mime therapy). Pre-intervention assessment is made for both groups. Then intervention will apply to both groups. Estimated time of treatment protocol will be 30 minutes session, 4 times/week for 4 weeks in the hospital setting. Subjects will be evaluated at baseline, then 2nd week and 4th-week assessment will be the final. All statistical analyses were performed through SPSS 21. Normality of data was assessed and after checking normality parametric or non-parametric test was applied accordingly.
.
Detailed description
Damage or dysfunction of the facial nerve can result in paralysis, abnormal muscle tone, abnormal movement patterns, eye irritations, and decreased facial expression. Medical conditions that can typically result in facial nerve dysfunction are Bell's palsy, herpesvirus, temporal bone fracture, facial or head trauma, acoustic neuroma excision, facial nerve schwannoma, vascular damage, and neoplasms. The facial nerve sustains impairment more often than any other nerve in the body. The term Bells' Palsy is defined as an idiopathic, acute and unilateral paresis or paralysis of the face which may be partial or complete occurring with equal frequencies on right and left sides of the face. The major cause of Bell's Palsy is idiopathic, accounting for 50% of all cases. Other few suggested causes are exposure to cold, middle ear infections, dental and ENT surgeries and traumatic. The problems faced in the acute phase of Bell's palsy include difficulty in closing the affected side-eye, facial deviation to the unaffected side, difficulty in drinking, eating and speaking along with psychological problems and facial appearance is the main concern in any phase of Bell's palsy. Complete recovery of facial function in Bell's palsy occurs in 70% of people within three months (Peitersen 1994) with about 30% of people continuing to suffer facial asymmetry at rest and during movement, as well as synkinesis. Treatment of Bell's palsy is controversial due to the lack of large, randomized, controlled, prospective studies. There are indications that steroids or antiviral agents are beneficial but also studies, which show no beneficial effect. Additional measures include eye protection, physiotherapy, acupuncture, botulinum toxin, or possibly surgery. A Cochrane review done by in February 2011 has concluded that there is only very low-quality evidence that facial exercise reduces sequel in acute cases. A study done in 2009 has concluded that massage done in mime therapy has shown to create new growth and increase the production of collagen and connective tissue in facial muscles and restore facial muscle action. A study done on mime therapy efficacy in patients with long term facial nerve paresis shows that mime therapy improves facial symmetry.A study of 2014 observed the half-mirror biofeedback exercise in combination with three botulinum toxin after facial paralysis. Half-mirror biofeedback rehabilitation designed for facial sequelae shows good results in combination with botulinum toxin therapy. This facial rehabilitation strategy, consisting of three injections of botulinum toxin and half-mirror biofeedback exercises, proceeds over the course of 2 years and offers a long-lasting cure for facial synkinesis and facial symmetry as well as improved facial aesthetics. A study in 2011 on facial biofeedback rehabilitation with a mirror after administration of a single dose of botulinum A toxin on facial synkinesis was examined in patients with chronic facial palsy concluded that Facial biofeedback rehabilitation with a mirror after administration of a single dose of botulinum A toxin can be a long-lasting treatment of established facial synkinesis. A study of, 2013 Mime therapy improves facial symmetry and functions more than conventional therapy and home exercises in people with acute Bell's Palsy. No difference was found between conventional therapy and home exercise program. A study in, 2016 investigate the effects of mirror therapy using a tablet PC for post-stroke central facial paresis. A prospective, randomized controlled study was performed. Twenty-one post-stroke patients were enrolled. All patients performed 15 minutes of orofacial exercise twice daily for 14 days concluded that mirror therapy using a tablet PC might be an effective tool for treating central facial paresis after stroke. The past research records are evident that therapists have worked with mime therapy and mirror therapy. The two protocols have not been complimented for rehabilitation. So the aim of this study is to observe and determine the combined effect of these two treatment protocols to get the results and improve the facial symmetry in acute bell's palsy patients.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| mime therapy using tablet PC mirror application | Active comparator | Other: mime therapy using tablet PC mirror applicationthese individuals will receive mime therapy using tablet PC mirror application |
| the control intervention including the mime therapy | Experimental | Other: the control intervention including the mime therapythese individuals will receive the control intervention including the mime therapy). |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 30 to 60 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Acute bell's palsy ( 2-3 weeks)
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Individuals with the other neurological deficits
- Visual impairment
- History of facial palsy of central type
- Surgical intervention for ear and facial nerve palsy.
- Non co-operative patients.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| mime therapy using tablet PC mirror applicationAfter the baseline assessment, The patient in the experimental group will receive mirror therapy and mime therapy. Exercises time period is 30 min/session Mime Therapy Using Tablet PC: Mirror therapy using tablet PC mirror application We will use a tablet PC mirror application that can convert images from right to left. In the mirror group, the mirror application was used during the exercise. Patients watched the tablet PC screen. The mirror application converts the image from right to left. • Mime therapy include Mime therapy will consists of auto massage- effleurage and kneading for 10 to 15minutes on both the sides of the face, stretching exercises of the muscles of the affected side followed by facilitation, specific low intensity exercises to co-ordinate both the halves of the face, active assisted exercises for affected side of the face, exercises of mouth and eye with simultaneous inhibition of synkinesis if present. | Other | mime therapy using tablet PC mirror application |
| the control intervention including the mime therapyAfter the baseline assessment, The patient in the experimental group will receive mime therapy Mime therapy include Mime therapy will consists of auto massage- effleurage and kneading for 10 to 15minutes on both the sides of the face, stretching exercises of the muscles of the affected side followed by facilitation, specific low intensity exercises to co-ordinate both the halves of the face, active assisted exercises for affected side of the face, exercises of mouth and eye with simultaneous inhibition of synkinesis if present. | Other | the control intervention including the mime therapy |
Primary outcome
Sunnybrook Facial Grading system scale
Time frame: 4 weeks
The Sunnybrook facial grading scale is a regionally weighted system that includes evaluation of resting symmetry, degree of voluntary movements and synkinesis to form a composite score from 0 to 100, where 0 is complete paralysis and 100 normal facial functions. The tool will be used for assessment.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 19 Aug 2021.
- Background: PubMed 12707657Cronin GW, Steenerson RL. The effectiveness of neuromuscular facial retraining combined with electromyography in facial paralysis rehabilitation. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003 Apr;128(4):534-8. doi: 10.1016/S0194-59980300005-6.
- Background: PubMed 20658018Santos MA, Caiaffa Filho HH, Vianna MF, Almeida AG, Lazarini PR. Varicella zoster virus in Bell's palsy: a prospective study. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2010 May-Jun;76(3):370-3. doi: 10.1590/S1808-86942010000300016.
- Background: PubMed 10774308Devriese PP. Rehabilitation of facial expression ("mime therapy"). Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1994 Dec:S42-3. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 24189771Baugh RF, Basura GJ, Ishii LE, Schwartz SR, Drumheller CM, Burkholder R, Deckard NA, Dawson C, Driscoll C, Gillespie MB, Gurgel RK, Halperin J, Khalid AN, Kumar KA, Micco A, Munsell D, Rosenbaum S, Vaughan W. Clinical practice guideline: Bell's palsy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2013 Nov;149(3 Suppl):S1-27. doi: 10.1177/0194599813505967.
- Background: PubMed 16942452Beurskens CH, Heymans PG. Mime therapy improves facial symmetry in people with long-term facial nerve paresis: a randomised controlled trial. Aust J Physiother. 2006;52(3):177-83. doi: 10.1016/s0004-9514(06)70026-5.
- Background: PubMed 18368417Finsterer J. Management of peripheral facial nerve palsy. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2008 Jul;265(7):743-52. doi: 10.1007/s00405-008-0646-4. Epub 2008 Mar 27.
- Background: PubMed 18646144Teixeira LJ, Soares BG, Vieira VP, Prado GF. Physical therapy for Bell s palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Jul 16;(3):CD006283. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006283.pub2.
- Background: PubMed 25444667Lee JM, Choi KH, Lim BW, Kim MW, Kim J. Half-mirror biofeedback exercise in combination with three botulinum toxin A injections for long-lasting treatment of facial sequelae after facial paralysis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2015 Jan;68(1):71-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2014.08.067. Epub 2014 Sep 18.
- Background: PubMed 21965443Azuma T, Nakamura K, Takahashi M, Ohyama S, Toda N, Iwasaki H, Kalubi B, Takeda N. Mirror biofeedback rehabilitation after administration of single-dose botulinum toxin for treatment of facial synkinesis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2012 Jan;146(1):40-5. doi: 10.1177/0194599811424125. Epub 2011 Sep 30.
- Background: PubMed 28758071Kang JA, Chun MH, Choi SJ, Chang MC, Yi YG. Effects of Mirror Therapy Using a Tablet PC on Central Facial Paresis in Stroke Patients. Ann Rehabil Med. 2017 Jun;41(3):347-353. doi: 10.5535/arm.2017.41.3.347. Epub 2017 Jun 29.
- Background: PubMed 20422701Neely JG, Cherian NG, Dickerson CB, Nedzelski JM. Sunnybrook facial grading system: reliability and criteria for grading. Laryngoscope. 2010 May;120(5):1038-45. doi: 10.1002/lary.20868.
- Background: PubMed 19201280Reitzen SD, Babb JS, Lalwani AK. Significance and reliability of the House-Brackmann grading system for regional facial nerve function. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009 Feb;140(2):154-8. doi: 10.1016/j.otohns.2008.11.021.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Dr Aruba Saeed, PHD* principal investigator
Riphah International University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing mime therapy using tablet PC mirror application in people with Bell Palsy, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 19 Aug 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Sunnybrook Facial Grading system scale (time frame: 4 weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04936152, which also lists 12 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 19 Aug 2021.