Physical PerformanceNCT04913844
Effect of Ski Sport on Physical Performance
An observational study of Physical Performance and Pain, run by Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of ski sport on physical performance, pain, and quality of life compared to sedentary individuals of similar age groups and to examine the existence of gender-specific differences. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 25 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Physical Performance, Pain, Quality of Life
- What is being tested?
- Physical performance tests and observational assessments
- How many people
- 68 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Jan 2019to 13 Sep 2021
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 25 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Study population: The sample of the study consists of a total of 68 participants between the ages of 18-25. Licensed ski athletes in Turkey (17 male, 17 female), who have been active in sports for at least the last 2 years, were included in the skiers group, and an age-matched non-athletic person (17 male, 17 female) with no skiing experience was included in the control group. The evaluations of the Skiers group were made at Erciyes Ski Center, and those of the control group were made at the Faculty of Health Sciences of Nuh Naci Yazgan University.
Who may be able to join
- Skiers Group;
- Being an active athlete for at least the last 2 year and affiliated with the National Ski Federation
- International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) total score above 3000 METs min/week
- Control Group;
- Being healthy and non-athletic with no ski experience
- Having similar sociodemographic characteristics with Skiers Group
- IPAQ-SF total score below 3000 METs min/week
Who cannot join
- History of surgery and/or serious trauma to the spine, lower and upper extremity,
- Chronic illnesses
- Substance addiction such as cigarette-alcohol, etc.
- During the study; the need of receiving treatment/ interventions due to trauma or any other conditions is concluded with withdrawal from the study
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University
Afyonkarahisar, 03000
About this study
Official title: Effect of Ski Sport on Physical Performance, Pain, Quality of Life, and Gender Differences
The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of ski sport on physical performance, pain, and quality of life compared to sedentary individuals of similar age groups and to examine the existence of gender-specific differences.
Read the detailed description
The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of skiing on physical performance, pain, quality of life, and gender-specific differences. In this context, aerobic/anaerobic performance, body balance, hand-grip strength, and back-leg-chest strength were evaluated in male and female ski athletes and age- and sex-matched sedentary controls.
In addition, pain experiences, low back pain-related disability level, and quality of life of all participants were questioned using SF 36, McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (OLBPDQ), and VAS scales.
The data thus collected were used to determine whether skiing had any effect on physical performance and quality of life, as well as the possible impact of skiing on gender-specific differences.
- Conditions
- Physical Performance, Pain, Quality of Life
- Being tested
- Physical performance tests and observational assessments
- Keywords
- Skiing, Gender difference, Muscle strength, Physical performance, Pain, Quality of life
- Medical subject headings
- Pain
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Physical performance tests and observational assessmentsOther
There will be no interventions. Physical performance tests and observational assessments will be conducted.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Skiers group | The skiers group was formed from licensed ski athletes (17 male, 17 female) who have been active in sports for at least the last 2 years.
There will be no interventions. Physical performance tests and observational assessments will be conducted. Receives: Other: Physical performance tests and observational assessments | |
| Control group | The control group was composed of non-athletic and age-matched participants (17 male, 17 female) with no skiing experience.
There will be no interventions. Physical performance tests and observational assessments will be conducted as in the Skiers Group. Receives: Other: Physical performance tests and observational assessments |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF)
The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), the short form of which consists of 7 questions, is a self-reported scale that is widely used to measure physical activity level.Based on the guidelines, the IPAQ score is calculated as metabolic equivalents (METs) per minutes per week, and the IPAQ score below 3000 METs-min / week indicates a low-moderate physical activity level. Total IPAQ score <3000 METs min / week was used to determine the sedentary control group as the inclusion criteria.
Measured: 5 minutes
The Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) Step Test
The Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) step test is a test that can be used in athletes and non-athletes and correlates heart rate with cardiovascular fitness level. For this test, participants are asked to climb up and down a 12-inch step for 3 minutes (metronome set at 96 beats per minute). The heart rate measurement, which is continued for 1 minute immediately after the end of the test, is recorded as beats / min. The low heart rate measured in the step tests indicates a high level of cardiovascular fitness.
Measured: 10 minutes
Vertical Jump Test (VJT)
The Vertical Jump Test (VJT) is an effective test used to indirectly evaluate the anaerobic performance of participants. In this test, the difference in centimeters is recorded between the maximum height attainable with the arm of the participant whose dominant side stands at the edge of the wall and the maximum height attained by jumping. The measurement is repeated 3 times with rest periods and the maximum value is recorded in cm
Measured: 10 minutes
Flamingo Balance Test (FBT)
The Flamingo Balance Test (FBT) is used to measure coordination of full body equilibrium. In the FBT, the number of errors that the participants made within 60 seconds on the flamingo balance board is recorded.
Measured: 5 minutes
Hand-Grip Strength (HGS)
Hand-grip strength (HGS) measurement is made with a hydraulic hand-grip dynamometer. HGS measurement is performed for the dominant hand when the elbow is close to the body, 90 degrees of flexion, and the wrist is in a neutral position. The measurement is repeated 3 times and the maximum value is recorded in kg. The dominant hand is determined by asking the participants with which hand they write.
Measured: 5 minutes
Back-Leg-Chest Strength (BLCS)
The BLC dynamometer is used to measure back-leg-chest strength (BLCS) in a single measurement. BLCS measurements are used as a suitable measure to characterize overall body strength. The measurement is repeated 3 times with rest periods and the maximum value is recorded in kg.
Measured: 10 minutes
Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
VAS is a widely used and reliable scale for evaluating pain intensity. With VAS, the severity of pain experienced in various situations such as 1) rest, 2) activity, and 3) most severe pain experienced (MSPE) can be evaluated. In addition to this study, VAS-skiing was added only to the skiers group. Participants are asked to mark the level of pain they feel on a 10 cm straight line marked as "no pain (0)" at one end and "unbearable pain (10)" at the other end. The distance between the marked point and the starting point is measured and recorded in cm.
Measured: 5 minutes
Short Form-36 (SF-36) Quality of Life Questionnaire
Short Form-36 (SF-36) is a valid and reliable self reported scale. SF-36 is generally used to evaluate health-related quality of life of individuals aged 14 and over. SF-36 has eight sub-dimensions such as physical functioning, role limitation by physical problems, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role limitation by emotional problems, and mental health. Separate scores are calculated for each sub-dimension. The scores of the sub-dimensions range from 0 to 100. High scores on the scale indicate an increase in quality of life, and a low score indicates a decrease in quality of life.
Measured: 15 minutes
Secondary outcomes (1)
Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (OLBPDQ)
OLBPDQ is a valid and reliable self reported scale. OLBPDQ consists of 10 items that assess different aspects of the function, such as pain intensity, personal care, lifting, walking, sitting, standing, sleeping, social life, traveling, and changing degree of pain. In the 6-point Likert type scale, the first expression is scored as '0' and the sixth expression as '5'. The total score is multiplied by 2 and expressed as a percentage. The increase in the ODI score (Range 0--100%) indicates the increase in the level of disability and the disability level is classified as follows: 0-20% (minimal disability), 21-40% (moderate disability), 41-60% (severe disability), 61 -80% (crippled), 81-100% (patients who are either bed-ridden or exaggerate their symptoms).
Measured: 10 minutes
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted4 Jun 2021
- Study start1 Jan 2019
- Primary completion1 Nov 2019
- Study completion13 Sep 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Physical PerformanceStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 68 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Arzu Keskin Aktan, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University
- Investigators
- Arzu Keskin Aktan, Study director, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences UniversityNilüfer Keskin Dilbay, Principal investigator, Marmara UniversityÖzden Kutlay, Principal investigator, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04913844
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2018/598
- Status last verified
- Sep 2021
- First submitted
- 27 May 2021
- Last updated
- 16 Sep 2021
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: There is not plan to make IPD available.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 16 Sep 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effect of Ski Sport on Physical Performance, Pain, Quality of Life, and Gender Differences
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04913844
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2018/598
- Conditions
- Physical Performance, Pain, Quality of Life
- Keywords
- Skiing, Gender difference, Muscle strength, Physical performance, Pain, Quality of life
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 68 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jan 2019 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Nov 2019 (actual)
- Study completion
- 13 Sep 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 4 Jun 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of ski sport on physical performance, pain, and quality of life compared to sedentary individuals of similar age groups and to examine the existence of gender-specific differences.
Detailed description
The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of skiing on physical performance, pain, quality of life, and gender-specific differences. In this context, aerobic/anaerobic performance, body balance, hand-grip strength, and back-leg-chest strength were evaluated in male and female ski athletes and age- and sex-matched sedentary controls.
In addition, pain experiences, low back pain-related disability level, and quality of life of all participants were questioned using SF 36, McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (OLBPDQ), and VAS scales.
The data thus collected were used to determine whether skiing had any effect on physical performance and quality of life, as well as the possible impact of skiing on gender-specific differences.
Study design
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Skiers group | – | Other: Physical performance tests and observational assessmentsThe skiers group was formed from licensed ski athletes (17 male, 17 female) who have been active in sports for at least the last 2 years. There will be no interventions. Physical performance tests and observational assessments will be conducted. |
| Control group | – | Other: Physical performance tests and observational assessmentsThe control group was composed of non-athletic and age-matched participants (17 male, 17 female) with no skiing experience. There will be no interventions. Physical performance tests and observational assessments will be conducted as in the Skiers Group. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 25 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
- Study population
- The sample of the study consists of a total of 68 participants between the ages of 18-25. Licensed ski athletes in Turkey (17 male, 17 female), who have been active in sports for at least the last 2 years, were included in the skiers group, and an age-matched non-athletic person (17 male, 17 female) with no skiing experience was included in the control group. The evaluations of the Skiers group were made at Erciyes Ski Center, and those of the control group were made at the Faculty of Health Sciences of Nuh Naci Yazgan University.
Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Skiers Group;
- Being an active athlete for at least the last 2 year and affiliated with the National Ski Federation
- International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) total score above 3000 METs min/week
- Control Group;
- Being healthy and non-athletic with no ski experience
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- History of surgery and/or serious trauma to the spine, lower and upper extremity,
- Chronic illnesses
- Substance addiction such as cigarette-alcohol, etc.
- During the study; the need of receiving treatment/ interventions due to trauma or any other conditions is concluded with withdrawal from the study
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Physical performance tests and observational assessmentsThere will be no interventions. Physical performance tests and observational assessments will be conducted. | Other | Control group, Skiers group |
Primary outcome
International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF)
Time frame: 5 minutes
The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), the short form of which consists of 7 questions, is a self-reported scale that is widely used to measure physical activity level.Based on the guidelines, the IPAQ score is calculated as metabolic equivalents (METs) per minutes per week, and the IPAQ score below 3000 METs-min / week indicates a low-moderate physical activity level. Total IPAQ score <3000 METs min / week was used to determine the sedentary control group as the inclusion criteria.
The Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) Step Test
Time frame: 10 minutes
The Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) step test is a test that can be used in athletes and non-athletes and correlates heart rate with cardiovascular fitness level. For this test, participants are asked to climb up and down a 12-inch step for 3 minutes (metronome set at 96 beats per minute). The heart rate measurement, which is continued for 1 minute immediately after the end of the test, is recorded as beats / min. The low heart rate measured in the step tests indicates a high level of cardiovascular fitness.
Vertical Jump Test (VJT)
Time frame: 10 minutes
The Vertical Jump Test (VJT) is an effective test used to indirectly evaluate the anaerobic performance of participants. In this test, the difference in centimeters is recorded between the maximum height attainable with the arm of the participant whose dominant side stands at the edge of the wall and the maximum height attained by jumping. The measurement is repeated 3 times with rest periods and the maximum value is recorded in cm
Flamingo Balance Test (FBT)
Time frame: 5 minutes
The Flamingo Balance Test (FBT) is used to measure coordination of full body equilibrium. In the FBT, the number of errors that the participants made within 60 seconds on the flamingo balance board is recorded.
Hand-Grip Strength (HGS)
Time frame: 5 minutes
Hand-grip strength (HGS) measurement is made with a hydraulic hand-grip dynamometer. HGS measurement is performed for the dominant hand when the elbow is close to the body, 90 degrees of flexion, and the wrist is in a neutral position. The measurement is repeated 3 times and the maximum value is recorded in kg. The dominant hand is determined by asking the participants with which hand they write.
Back-Leg-Chest Strength (BLCS)
Time frame: 10 minutes
The BLC dynamometer is used to measure back-leg-chest strength (BLCS) in a single measurement. BLCS measurements are used as a suitable measure to characterize overall body strength. The measurement is repeated 3 times with rest periods and the maximum value is recorded in kg.
Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
Time frame: 5 minutes
VAS is a widely used and reliable scale for evaluating pain intensity. With VAS, the severity of pain experienced in various situations such as 1) rest, 2) activity, and 3) most severe pain experienced (MSPE) can be evaluated. In addition to this study, VAS-skiing was added only to the skiers group. Participants are asked to mark the level of pain they feel on a 10 cm straight line marked as "no pain (0)" at one end and "unbearable pain (10)" at the other end. The distance between the marked point and the starting point is measured and recorded in cm.
Short Form-36 (SF-36) Quality of Life Questionnaire
Time frame: 15 minutes
Short Form-36 (SF-36) is a valid and reliable self reported scale. SF-36 is generally used to evaluate health-related quality of life of individuals aged 14 and over. SF-36 has eight sub-dimensions such as physical functioning, role limitation by physical problems, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role limitation by emotional problems, and mental health. Separate scores are calculated for each sub-dimension. The scores of the sub-dimensions range from 0 to 100. High scores on the scale indicate an increase in quality of life, and a low score indicates a decrease in quality of life.
1 secondary outcome
Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (OLBPDQ)
Time frame: 10 minutes
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 16 Sep 2021.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. There is not plan to make IPD available.
Related trials for Physical Performance
RecruitingObservational study
Effects of Obesity on Physical Abilities and Daily Living Activities in Elderly Adults
Obesity, Sarcopenic Obesity
Not yet recruitingObservational study
Postural Control and Balance Performance in Patients With Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS), Postural Assessment
RecruitingObservational study
A Post-Market Assessment of the Safety and Performance of the TriClip™ System
Tricuspid Regurgitation (TR)
Not yet recruiting
Motor Imagery and Turning Practice to Improve Mobility: Pilot Trial
Mobility Impairment, Community Dwelling Older Adults
Recruiting
Acute Effects of Post-Exercise Hyperoxia on Recovery in Cycling
Athletic Performance, Hyperbaric Oxygenation
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Arzu Keskin Aktan study director
Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University
Nilüfer Keskin Dilbay principal investigator
Marmara University
Özden Kutlay principal investigator
Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Physical Performance and Pain, run by Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 16 Sep 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) (time frame: 5 minutes). The study lists 8 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 16 Sep 2021.