Adhesive CapsulitisNCT04822324
Spencer's Muscle Energy Technique Along With Strain Counter Strain in Adhesive Capsulitis.
A study testing Spencer Muscle energy technique with conventional Physiotherapy and Strain counter strain along with conventional Physiotherapy and Spencer Muscle energy technique in people with Adhesive Capsulitis, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
Numerous Physiotherapy techniques have been found to be beneficial but there is no consensus on the best treatment approach for speeding up rehabilitation process and rejuvenating functional capacity in patients suffering from Adhesive capsulitis. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 35 to 65 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Adhesive Capsulitis
- What is being tested?
- Spencer Muscle energy technique with conventional Physiotherapy and Strain counter strain along with conventional Physiotherapy and Spencer Muscle energy technique
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 36 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 1 Sep 2020to 20 Feb 2021
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 35 to 65 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Patients clinically diagnosed with unilateral adhesive capsulitis.
- Patients who had restricted ROM (loss of 25% or greater relative to non-
- involved shoulder in one or multidirectional).
- Stage 2 and 3 of frozen shoulder.
- Diabetic patients diagnosed with frozen shoulder.
Who cannot join
- A history of major shoulder injury or surgery.
- Other disorders possibly influencing existing shoulder symptoms e.g. cervical neuropathy.
- Paralysis or neurological changes of the affected upper limb.
- Fractures or open wounds;
- Degenerative, inflammatory, or infectious arthritis;
- History of intra-articular injection pain treatment.
- History of osteoporosis or malignancies in shoulder region
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Pakistan1 site
Pakistan Railway General Hospital
Rawalpindi, Punjab Province, 46000
About this study
Official title: Effects of Spencer's Muscle Energy Technique Along With Strain Counter Strain in Adhesive Capsulitis.
Numerous Physiotherapy techniques have been found to be beneficial but there is no consensus on the best treatment approach for speeding up rehabilitation process and rejuvenating functional capacity in patients suffering from Adhesive capsulitis. Spencer Muscle energy technique is found to be effective in treatment of shoulder pathologies. It increases pain free range of motion through stretching the tissues, enhancing lymphatic flow and increasing the joint circulation where as Strain Counter Strain is a technique derived from positional release therapy which uses a pain monitor (trigger points) to find the position of the pain when it is no longer felt at the monitoring point. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of Spencer Muscle energy technique with and without the employment of Strain Counter Strain on pain, Range of motion and disability in Adhesive capsulitis.
Read the detailed description
Adhesive shoulder capsulitis or arthrofibrosis commonly known as frozen shoulder, depicts a pathological process in which the body forms excessive scar tissue or adhesions in the capsule around the glenohumeral joint, leading to stiffness, pain and dysfunction. The incidence of adhesive capsulitis in general population is approximately three to five percent and up to twenty percent in patients with diabetes. It is more common in women aged between forty and sixty years and in about twenty-thirty percent of cases it occurs bilaterally. In Pakistan, its precise prevalence is unknown, but in general it ranges from two-five percent. Adhesive capsulitis is classified into two categories: primary which is idiopathic in origin and occur spontaneously without any specific trauma or inciting event and is characterized by painful restriction of all shoulder movements, both active and passive, or Secondary which occurs as a result of some identifiable disorder, such as diabetes mellitus, or due to any inciting event such as cardiac surgery or trauma. There are four stages of frozen shoulder. Stage-one is painful shoulder. Stage - two is "Freezing Stage" with chronic pain and limitation in range of motion. Stage-three is "Frozen Stage" with considerable decreased Range Of Motion and rigid "end feel". Stage-four is "Thawing Phase" with progressive improvement in Range Of Motion. Physiotherapy methods such as active and active assisted exercises, pendular ex's, wand ex's, wall and ladder ex's, capsular stretching ex's and shoulder joint mobilization are often standard exercises in treating frozen shoulder. Electrotherapy modalities such as application of ultrasound, Interferential therapy, short-wave diathermy and LASER are used to relieve pain and promote hyperthermal effect to the tissues.
The Spencer technique is a standardized series of shoulder treatments with broad application in diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. It was developed by Spencer in 1961. This approach is a well-known osteopathic manipulative technique that focuses on mobilization of the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joints. It is an articulatory technique with seven different procedures, in this technique passive, smooth, rhythmic motion of the shoulder joint is done by the therapist to stretch contracted muscles, ligaments and capsule. Most of the force is applied at the end range of motion. This technique increases pain free range of motion through stretching the tissues, enhancing lymphatic flow and stimulating increased joint circulation.
Positional release technique ( PRT), originally termed strain-counterstain, is a therapeutic technique that uses tender points (TPs) and a position of comfort (POC) to resolve the associated dysfunction. Essentially, Positional release technique is the opposite of stretching. For example, if a patient had a tight, tender area on the calf, if the clinician dorsiflex the foot to stretch the calf in an effort to reduce the tightness and pain. This might lead to muscle guarding and increased pain. Using the same example, a clinician who employs Positional release technique would place the tender point in the position of greatest comfort (plantar flexion), shortening the muscle in an effort to relax the tissues and decrease the tender points. Dr. Lawrence H. Jones, an osteopathic physician, was the first to publish a map of tender point locations and their associated treatment positions. Jones1964 proposed that when a muscle is strained by a sudden unexpected force, its antagonist attempts to stabilize the joint, resulting in a counterstain of the muscle in a resting or shortened position. Before the antagonist is counter strained, gamma neural activity is heightened as a result of its shortened position, making the spindle more sensitive propagating development of restriction, sustained contraction, and tender point development. The application of Positional release technique relaxes the muscle-spindle mechanism, decreasing aberrant gamma and alpha neuronal activity, thereby breaking the sustained contraction. The prevailing theory underlying Positional release technique involve spacing tissues in a relaxed shortened state, or position of comfort , for a period of time (ninety sec) to decrease gamma gain in order to facilitate restoration of normal tissue length and tension.
- Conditions
- Adhesive Capsulitis
- Being tested
- Spencer Muscle energy technique with conventional Physiotherapy, Strain counter strain along with conventional Physiotherapy and Spencer Muscle energy technique
- Keywords
- adhesive capsulitis, spencer muscle energy, strain counterstrain
- Medical subject headings
- Bursitis
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Spencer Muscle energy technique with conventional PhysiotherapyOther
shoulder extension with elbow flexion. shoulder flexion with elbow extension. circumduction with compression circumduction with distraction shoulder abduction and internal rotation with elbow flexion. shoulder adduction and external rotation with elbow flexion stretching tissue and pumping fluids with the arm extended: therapist interlocks his fingertips over the deltoid muscle, patient's hand was placed over the therapist shoulder, and the therapist slowly moved the arm away from the shoulder and released.
During all the movements patient is asked to use their muscle energy against the slight resistance offered by the therapist for 6-8 sec.
conventional therapy Joint mobilization
Exercise therapy:
Self stretching and strengthening exercises
Strain counter strain along with conventional Physiotherapy and Spencer Muscle energy techniqueOther
Palpate surrounding and opposing tissues to locate tender point for both shoulder abduction and external rotation.
Use one or two finger pads to monitor fasciculation and TP. Fine-tune position with rotation. Hold the POC (position of comfort) until fasciculation decreases significantly or ceases.
Average positions hold time while pressure is 90 s to 3 min. Transient periods of brief tingling, numbness, and temperature changes might occur. Release tissue or joint slowly and reassess.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Spencer Muscle energy technique with conventional Physiotherapy | Experimental | 1. shoulder extension with elbow flexion.
2. shoulder flexion with elbow extension.
3. circumduction with compression
4. circumduction with distraction
5. shoulder abduction and internal rotation with elbow flexion.
6. shoulder adduction and external rotation with elbow flexion
7. stretching tissue and pumping fluids with the arm extended: therapist interlocks his fingertips over the deltoid muscle, patient's hand was placed over the therapist shoulder, and the therapist slowly moved the arm away from the shoulder and released.
During all the movements patient is asked to use their muscle energy against the slight resistance offered by the therapist for 6-8 sec.
conventional therapy Joint mobilization
Exercise therapy:
Self stretching and strengthening exercises Receives: Other: Spencer Muscle energy technique with conventional Physiotherapy |
| Strain counter strain along with conventional Physiotherapy and Spencer Muscle energy technique | Active comparator | Palpate surrounding and opposing tissues to locate tender point for both shoulder abduction and external rotation.
Use one or two finger pads to monitor fasciculation and TP. Fine-tune position with rotation. Hold the POC (position of comfort) until fasciculation decreases significantly or ceases.
Average positions hold time while pressure is 90 s to 3 min. Transient periods of brief tingling, numbness, and temperature changes might occur. Release tissue or joint slowly and reassess. Receives: Other: Strain counter strain along with conventional Physiotherapy and Spencer Muscle energy technique |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS):
Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) is a11-point scale. The scale is anchored on the left with the phrase ''no pain'' and on the right with the phrase ''worst imaginable pain.'' Patients rate their current level of pain and their worst and least amount of pain in the last 24 hours.
Measured: 4 weeks
Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI):
Functional Disability was measured using Shoulder pain and Disability Index (SPADI). It was developed to measure the pain and disability associated with shoulder pathology. SPADI is a self administered index consisting of 13 items divided into two subscales i.e. pain and disability.
Measured: 4 weeks
Shoulder ROM
Shoulder ROM was measured using Goniometer. It is an instrument which measures the available range of motion at a joint. There are different types of goniometers. The type that is most used is the universal standard goniometer, which is either made with plastic or metal tool. It consists of a stationary arm, a movable arm and a fulcrum. It is a reliable tool for measuring shoulder ROM's in degree.
Measured: 4 Weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted30 Mar 2021
- Study start1 Sep 2020
- Primary completion30 Jan 2021
- Study completion20 Feb 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (10)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Adhesive CapsulitisStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Riphah International UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator
- Enrolment
- 36 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Maria Khalid, MSOMPT, Principal investigator, Riphah International University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04822324
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- REC/00762 Aimen Iftikhar
- Status last verified
- Dec 2024
- First submitted
- 22 Mar 2021
- Last updated
- 17 Dec 2024
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Le HV, Lee SJ, Nazarian A, Rodriguez EK. Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: review of pathophysiology and current clinical treatments. Shoulder Elbow. 2017 Apr;9(2):75-84. doi: 10.1177/1758573216676786. Epub 2016 Nov 7.
PubMed 28405218Manske RC, Prohaska D. Diagnosis and management of adhesive capsulitis. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2008 Dec;1(3-4):180-9. doi: 10.1007/s12178-008-9031-6.
PubMed 19468904D'Orsi GM, Via AG, Frizziero A, Oliva F. Treatment of adhesive capsulitis: a review. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2012 Sep 10;2(2):70-8. Print 2012 Apr.
PubMed 23738277Inayat F, Ali NS, Shahid H, Younus F. Prevalence and Determinants of Frozen Shoulder in Patients with Diabetes: A Single Center Experience from Pakistan. Cureus. 2017 Aug 6;9(8):e1544. doi: 10.7759/cureus.1544.
PubMed 29018641Doner G, Guven Z, Atalay A, Celiker R. Evalution of Mulligan's technique for adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder. J Rehabil Med. 2013 Jan;45(1):87-91. doi: 10.2340/16501977-1064.
PubMed 23037929Patriquin DA. The evolution of osteopathic manipulative technique: the Spencer technique. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1992 Sep;92(9):1134-6, 1139-46.
PubMed 1429074Patel VD, Eapen C, Ceepee Z, Kamath R. Effect of muscle energy technique with and without strain-counterstrain technique in acute low back pain - A randomized clinical trial. Hong Kong Physiother J. 2018 Jun;38(1):41-51. doi: 10.1142/S1013702518500051. Epub 2018 Apr 4.
PubMed 30930578Mintken PE, Glynn P, Cleland JA. Psychometric properties of the shortened disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire (QuickDASH) and Numeric Pain Rating Scale in patients with shoulder pain. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2009 Nov-Dec;18(6):920-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2008.12.015. Epub 2009 Mar 17.
PubMed 19297202Kolber MJ, Hanney WJ. The reliability and concurrent validity of shoulder mobility measurements using a digital inclinometer and goniometer: a technical report. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2012 Jun;7(3):306-13.
PubMed 22666645Roach KE, Budiman-Mak E, Songsiridej N, Lertratanakul Y. Development of a shoulder pain and disability index. Arthritis Care Res. 1991 Dec;4(4):143-9.
PubMed 11188601
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 17 Dec 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Spencer's Muscle Energy Technique Along With Strain Counter Strain in Adhesive Capsulitis.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04822324
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- REC/00762 Aimen Iftikhar
- Conditions
- Adhesive Capsulitis
- Keywords
- adhesive capsulitis, spencer muscle energy, strain counterstrain
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 36 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Sep 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Jan 2021 (actual)
- Study completion
- 20 Feb 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 30 Mar 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Numerous Physiotherapy techniques have been found to be beneficial but there is no consensus on the best treatment approach for speeding up rehabilitation process and rejuvenating functional capacity in patients suffering from Adhesive capsulitis. Spencer Muscle energy technique is found to be effective in treatment of shoulder pathologies. It increases pain free range of motion through stretching the tissues, enhancing lymphatic flow and increasing the joint circulation where as Strain Counter Strain is a technique derived from positional release therapy which uses a pain monitor (trigger points) to find the position of the pain when it is no longer felt at the monitoring point. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of Spencer Muscle energy technique with and without the employment of Strain Counter Strain on pain, Range of motion and disability in Adhesive capsulitis.
Detailed description
Adhesive shoulder capsulitis or arthrofibrosis commonly known as frozen shoulder, depicts a pathological process in which the body forms excessive scar tissue or adhesions in the capsule around the glenohumeral joint, leading to stiffness, pain and dysfunction. The incidence of adhesive capsulitis in general population is approximately three to five percent and up to twenty percent in patients with diabetes. It is more common in women aged between forty and sixty years and in about twenty-thirty percent of cases it occurs bilaterally. In Pakistan, its precise prevalence is unknown, but in general it ranges from two-five percent. Adhesive capsulitis is classified into two categories: primary which is idiopathic in origin and occur spontaneously without any specific trauma or inciting event and is characterized by painful restriction of all shoulder movements, both active and passive, or Secondary which occurs as a result of some identifiable disorder, such as diabetes mellitus, or due to any inciting event such as cardiac surgery or trauma. There are four stages of frozen shoulder. Stage-one is painful shoulder. Stage - two is "Freezing Stage" with chronic pain and limitation in range of motion. Stage-three is "Frozen Stage" with considerable decreased Range Of Motion and rigid "end feel". Stage-four is "Thawing Phase" with progressive improvement in Range Of Motion. Physiotherapy methods such as active and active assisted exercises, pendular ex's, wand ex's, wall and ladder ex's, capsular stretching ex's and shoulder joint mobilization are often standard exercises in treating frozen shoulder. Electrotherapy modalities such as application of ultrasound, Interferential therapy, short-wave diathermy and LASER are used to relieve pain and promote hyperthermal effect to the tissues.
The Spencer technique is a standardized series of shoulder treatments with broad application in diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. It was developed by Spencer in 1961. This approach is a well-known osteopathic manipulative technique that focuses on mobilization of the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joints. It is an articulatory technique with seven different procedures, in this technique passive, smooth, rhythmic motion of the shoulder joint is done by the therapist to stretch contracted muscles, ligaments and capsule. Most of the force is applied at the end range of motion. This technique increases pain free range of motion through stretching the tissues, enhancing lymphatic flow and stimulating increased joint circulation.
Positional release technique ( PRT), originally termed strain-counterstain, is a therapeutic technique that uses tender points (TPs) and a position of comfort (POC) to resolve the associated dysfunction. Essentially, Positional release technique is the opposite of stretching. For example, if a patient had a tight, tender area on the calf, if the clinician dorsiflex the foot to stretch the calf in an effort to reduce the tightness and pain. This might lead to muscle guarding and increased pain. Using the same example, a clinician who employs Positional release technique would place the tender point in the position of greatest comfort (plantar flexion), shortening the muscle in an effort to relax the tissues and decrease the tender points. Dr. Lawrence H. Jones, an osteopathic physician, was the first to publish a map of tender point locations and their associated treatment positions. Jones1964 proposed that when a muscle is strained by a sudden unexpected force, its antagonist attempts to stabilize the joint, resulting in a counterstain of the muscle in a resting or shortened position. Before the antagonist is counter strained, gamma neural activity is heightened as a result of its shortened position, making the spindle more sensitive propagating development of restriction, sustained contraction, and tender point development. The application of Positional release technique relaxes the muscle-spindle mechanism, decreasing aberrant gamma and alpha neuronal activity, thereby breaking the sustained contraction. The prevailing theory underlying Positional release technique involve spacing tissues in a relaxed shortened state, or position of comfort , for a period of time (ninety sec) to decrease gamma gain in order to facilitate restoration of normal tissue length and tension.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, investigator)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Spencer Muscle energy technique with conventional Physiotherapy | Experimental | Other: Spencer Muscle energy technique with conventional Physiotherapy1. shoulder extension with elbow flexion. 2. shoulder flexion with elbow extension. 3. circumduction with compression 4. circumduction with distraction 5. shoulder abduction and internal rotation with elbow flexion. 6. shoulder adduction and external rotation with elbow flexion 7. stretching tissue and pumping fluids with the arm extended: therapist interlocks his fingertips over the deltoid muscle, patient's hand was placed over the therapist shoulder, and the therapist slowly moved the arm away from the shoulder and released. During all the movements patient is asked to use their muscle energy against the slight resistance offered by the therapist for 6-8 sec. conventional therapy Joint mobilization Exercise therapy: Self stretching and strengthening exercises |
| Strain counter strain along with conventional Physiotherapy and Spencer Muscle energy technique | Active comparator | Other: Strain counter strain along with conventional Physiotherapy and Spencer Muscle energy techniquePalpate surrounding and opposing tissues to locate tender point for both shoulder abduction and external rotation. Use one or two finger pads to monitor fasciculation and TP. Fine-tune position with rotation. Hold the POC (position of comfort) until fasciculation decreases significantly or ceases. Average positions hold time while pressure is 90 s to 3 min. Transient periods of brief tingling, numbness, and temperature changes might occur. Release tissue or joint slowly and reassess. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 35 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Patients clinically diagnosed with unilateral adhesive capsulitis.
- Patients who had restricted ROM (loss of 25% or greater relative to non-
- involved shoulder in one or multidirectional).
- Stage 2 and 3 of frozen shoulder.
- Diabetic patients diagnosed with frozen shoulder.
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- A history of major shoulder injury or surgery.
- Other disorders possibly influencing existing shoulder symptoms e.g. cervical neuropathy.
- Paralysis or neurological changes of the affected upper limb.
- Fractures or open wounds;
- Degenerative, inflammatory, or infectious arthritis;
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Spencer Muscle energy technique with conventional Physiotherapyshoulder extension with elbow flexion. shoulder flexion with elbow extension. circumduction with compression circumduction with distraction shoulder abduction and internal rotation with elbow flexion. shoulder adduction and external rotation with elbow flexion stretching tissue and pumping fluids with the arm extended: therapist interlocks his fingertips over the deltoid muscle, patient's hand was placed over the therapist shoulder, and the therapist slowly moved the arm away from the shoulder and released. During all the movements patient is asked to use their muscle energy against the slight resistance offered by the therapist for 6-8 sec. conventional therapy Joint mobilization Exercise therapy: Self stretching and strengthening exercises | Other | Spencer Muscle energy technique with conventional Physiotherapy |
| Strain counter strain along with conventional Physiotherapy and Spencer Muscle energy techniquePalpate surrounding and opposing tissues to locate tender point for both shoulder abduction and external rotation. Use one or two finger pads to monitor fasciculation and TP. Fine-tune position with rotation. Hold the POC (position of comfort) until fasciculation decreases significantly or ceases. Average positions hold time while pressure is 90 s to 3 min. Transient periods of brief tingling, numbness, and temperature changes might occur. Release tissue or joint slowly and reassess. | Other | Strain counter strain along with conventional Physiotherapy and Spencer Muscle energy technique |
Primary outcome
Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS):
Time frame: 4 weeks
Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) is a11-point scale. The scale is anchored on the left with the phrase ''no pain'' and on the right with the phrase ''worst imaginable pain.'' Patients rate their current level of pain and their worst and least amount of pain in the last 24 hours.
Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI):
Time frame: 4 weeks
Functional Disability was measured using Shoulder pain and Disability Index (SPADI). It was developed to measure the pain and disability associated with shoulder pathology. SPADI is a self administered index consisting of 13 items divided into two subscales i.e. pain and disability.
Shoulder ROM
Time frame: 4 Weeks
Shoulder ROM was measured using Goniometer. It is an instrument which measures the available range of motion at a joint. There are different types of goniometers. The type that is most used is the universal standard goniometer, which is either made with plastic or metal tool. It consists of a stationary arm, a movable arm and a fulcrum. It is a reliable tool for measuring shoulder ROM's in degree.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 17 Dec 2024.
- Background: PubMed 28405218Le HV, Lee SJ, Nazarian A, Rodriguez EK. Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: review of pathophysiology and current clinical treatments. Shoulder Elbow. 2017 Apr;9(2):75-84. doi: 10.1177/1758573216676786. Epub 2016 Nov 7.
- Background: PubMed 19468904Manske RC, Prohaska D. Diagnosis and management of adhesive capsulitis. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2008 Dec;1(3-4):180-9. doi: 10.1007/s12178-008-9031-6.
- Background: PubMed 23738277D'Orsi GM, Via AG, Frizziero A, Oliva F. Treatment of adhesive capsulitis: a review. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2012 Sep 10;2(2):70-8. Print 2012 Apr.
- Background: PubMed 29018641Inayat F, Ali NS, Shahid H, Younus F. Prevalence and Determinants of Frozen Shoulder in Patients with Diabetes: A Single Center Experience from Pakistan. Cureus. 2017 Aug 6;9(8):e1544. doi: 10.7759/cureus.1544.
- Background: PubMed 23037929Doner G, Guven Z, Atalay A, Celiker R. Evalution of Mulligan's technique for adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder. J Rehabil Med. 2013 Jan;45(1):87-91. doi: 10.2340/16501977-1064.
- Background: PubMed 1429074Patriquin DA. The evolution of osteopathic manipulative technique: the Spencer technique. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1992 Sep;92(9):1134-6, 1139-46.
- Background: PubMed 30930578Patel VD, Eapen C, Ceepee Z, Kamath R. Effect of muscle energy technique with and without strain-counterstrain technique in acute low back pain - A randomized clinical trial. Hong Kong Physiother J. 2018 Jun;38(1):41-51. doi: 10.1142/S1013702518500051. Epub 2018 Apr 4.
- Background: PubMed 19297202Mintken PE, Glynn P, Cleland JA. Psychometric properties of the shortened disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire (QuickDASH) and Numeric Pain Rating Scale in patients with shoulder pain. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2009 Nov-Dec;18(6):920-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2008.12.015. Epub 2009 Mar 17.
- Background: PubMed 22666645Kolber MJ, Hanney WJ. The reliability and concurrent validity of shoulder mobility measurements using a digital inclinometer and goniometer: a technical report. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2012 Jun;7(3):306-13.
- Background: PubMed 11188601Roach KE, Budiman-Mak E, Songsiridej N, Lertratanakul Y. Development of a shoulder pain and disability index. Arthritis Care Res. 1991 Dec;4(4):143-9.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Maria Khalid, MSOMPT principal investigator
Riphah International University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Spencer Muscle energy technique with conventional Physiotherapy and Strain counter strain along with conventional Physiotherapy and Spencer Muscle energy technique in people with Adhesive Capsulitis, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 17 Dec 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS): (time frame: 4 weeks). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04822324, which also lists 10 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 17 Dec 2024.