Covid19Phase 2SCENT2NCT04789499
Smell in Covid-19 and Efficacy of Nasal Theophylline
A Phase 2 study testing Theophylline Powder in people with Covid19 and Anosmia, run by Washington University School of Medicine at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
Evidence of COVID-19 related anosmia and dysgeusia continues to accumulate daily. Currently, up to 80% of patients report subjective olfactory dysfunction (OD), and prevalence using objective olfactory testing could be even higher. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 70 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Covid19, Anosmia, Olfactory Disorder
- What is being tested?
- Theophylline Powder
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 51 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 15 Mar 2021to 30 Dec 2021
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 70 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Olfactory dysfunction that has persisted for >3 months following suspected COVID-19 infection
- Residing within the states of Missouri or Illinois.
- Can read, write, and understand English.
Who cannot join
- History of olfactory dysfunction prior to COVID-19 infection
- Use of concomitant therapies specifically for the treatment of olfactory dysfunction
- History of olfactory dysfunction longer than 12 months
- Known existence of nasal polyps, prior sinonasal, or anterior skull-based surgery
- Dependence on theophylline for comorbid conditions such as asthma and COPD
- History of an allergic reaction to theophylline or other methylxanthines
Show all 10Show fewer
- History of neurodegenerative disease (ie. Alzheimer's dementia, Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal dementia)
- Pregnant or breastfeeding mothers
- Current use of medications with significant interactions with theophylline, which include cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, disulfiram, enoxacin, fluvoxamine, interferon-alpha, lithium, mexiletine, phenytoin, propafenone, propranolol, tacrine, thiabendazole, ticlopidine, and troleandomycin.
- Pre-existing arrhythmias or seizures
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis
St Louis, Missouri, 63110
About this study
Evidence of COVID-19 related anosmia and dysgeusia continues to accumulate daily.
Currently, up to 80% of patients report subjective olfactory dysfunction (OD), and prevalence using objective olfactory testing could be even higher.
We propose a phase II single-site, double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial to determine the efficacy and safety of intranasal theophylline, a known phosphodiesterase inhibitor in the treatment of asthma, as a possible treatment for COVID-19 related OD. Theophylline has shown benefit in similar clinical trials for post-viral OD.
Read the detailed description
Post-viral olfactory dysfunction has numerous known adverse effects such as loss of cortical gray matter and decrease in quality of life. COVID-19 related olfactory dysfunction has already been shown to be correlated with depression and decreased quality of life, so finding an effective treatment is imperative.
Intranasal and oral corticosteroids as well as olfactory training are currently used to treat post-viral OD; however they have demonstrated limited efficacy and there is no current gold standard of care. There is no current consensus on the pathogenesis of COVID-related anosmia; however evidence for post-viral olfactory dysfunction suggests sensory axonal regeneration and olfactory signaling may rely on elevated levels of secondary messengers cAMP and cGMP, a known effect of theophylline. In this phase II treatment trial, patients will be allocated 1:1 to receive either intranasal theophylline irrigation or placebo for six weeks. Various smell surveys and scratch-and-sniff tests will be utilized to capture changes in smell ability.
Due to COVID-19, this study will be conducted virtually, except for the first ten enrolled patients who will undergo one serum theophylline test. This study is limited to patients living in Missouri or Illinois.
- Conditions
- Covid19, Anosmia, Olfactory Disorder, Covid-19 Pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Hyposmia
- Being tested
- Theophylline Powder, Placebo Comparator
- Keywords
- Smell, Smell loss, smell dysfunction, olfactory dysfunction, COVID-19, anosmia, theophylline, nasal irrigation
- Medical subject headings
- COVID-19, Anosmia, Ageusia, Olfaction Disorders
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Theophylline PowderDrug
Also called Theophylline nasal irrigation
Twice daily nasal irrigation with 400 mg theophylline capsules and USP Grade Sodium Chloride \& Sodium Bicarbonate Mixture (pH balanced, Isotonic \& Preservative \& Iodine Free) commercially prepared packets dissolved in 240 ml of distilled water.
Placebo ComparatorDrug
Also called lactose powder
Twice daily nasal irrigation with 500 mg lactose powder capsules and USP Grade Sodium Chloride \& Sodium Bicarbonate Mixture (pH balanced, Isotonic \& Preservative \& Iodine Free) commercially prepared packets dissolved in 240 ml of distilled water.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Theophylline | Experimental | 400mg theophylline capsule diluted in 240 mL isotonic nasal saline lavage twice daily for six weeks. Receives: Drug: Theophylline Powder |
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | 500mg lactose capsule diluted in 240 mL isotonic nasal saline lavage twice daily for six weeks. Receives: Drug: Placebo Comparator |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
UPSIT
UPSIT 0-40 with higher scores indicating better results.
The response rate defined as the number of participants in each group self-reporting of at least slightly better improvement in the Clinical Global Improvement Scale at 6 weeks post intervention as compared to baseline, devided by the total number of participants in that specific group. The CGI-Improvement Scale has seven response options (from 1 as Very Much Improved to 7 as Very Much Worsened) for answers to the question "Compared to your sense of smell before you started the nasal irrigations, how would you rate your sense of smell now" . Participants reporting 3 as "Minimally Improved", 2 as "Much Improved", or 1 as "Very Much Improved" in the CGI-I will be deemed responders to treatment, and the rate of responders will be compared between the two arms.
Measured: Comparison of response rate at 6 weeks post-intervention from baseline between the 2 study groups
Secondary outcomes (4)
University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT)
UPSIT 0-40 with higher scores indicating better smell.
This test is an objective, clinically validated 40-question forced-choice odor identification test where microencapsulated odorants on a strip are released by scratching. Out of a total of 40 points, normosmia is defined as ≥34 for males and ≥35 for females, and an increase in ≥4 points will be deemed a clinically significant improvement in symptoms.
Measured: Comparison at 6 weeks post-intervention from baseline
Change in Questionnaire for Olfactory Dysfunction (QOD) From Baseline to 6 Weeks Post Intervention
Questionnaire for Olfactory Dysfunction (QOD) assesses health-related quality of life of participants based on four factors such as eating, mental health, social interactions, or fear of dysfunction.. The survey also includes questions on parosmia, a phenomena of COVID-related OD. The QOD consists of 17 statements that participants score from 0-3, resulting in a total score from 0 to 51. Higher scores reflect better olfactory-specific QOL.
Measured: Comparison at 6 weeks post-intervention from baseline
36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36)
The SF-36 is a well-established 36-item questionnaire evaluating physical functioning, bodily pain, role limitations due to physical health problems, role limitations due to personal or emotional problems, emotional well-being, social functioning, energy/fatigue, and general health perceptions. This test allows us to study the overall quality of life for those suffering from COVID-19 related OD. There is no single overall score for SF-36. The SF 36 generates 8 subscales with scores ranging from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). General health domain scores are reported here.
Measured: Baseline assessment
Olfactory Dysfunction Outcomes Rating (ODOR)
The ODOR is a 28-item QOL instrument with a total score ranging from 0 to 112 points. Higher scores indicate worse QOL with higher degree of dysfunction and limitation. A decrease of 15 or more points is deemed to be a clinically significant improvement in QOL.
Measured: Comparison of response rate at 6 weeks post-intervention from baseline between the 2 study groups
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted9 Mar 2021
- Study start15 Mar 2021
- Primary completion30 Dec 2021
- Study completion30 Dec 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (47)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Covid19Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Washington University School of MedicineThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator
- Enrolment
- 51 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Washington University School of Medicine
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Jay F Piccirillo, M.D., FACS, Principal investigator, Washington University School of Medicine
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04789499
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 202101190
- Acronym
- SCENT2
- Status last verified
- Apr 2023
- First submitted
- 8 Mar 2021
- Last updated
- 24 May 2023
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- Yes
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Publications
Khan AM, Kallogjeri D, Piccirillo JF. Growing Public Health Concern of COVID-19 Chronic Olfactory Dysfunction. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2022 Jan 1;148(1):81-82. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2021.3379.
PubMed 34792577Hoffman HJ, Rawal S, Li CM, Duffy VB. New chemosensory component in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): first-year results for measured olfactory dysfunction. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2016 Jun;17(2):221-40. doi: 10.1007/s11154-016-9364-1.
PubMed 27287364Whitcroft KL, Hummel T. Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19: Diagnosis and Management. JAMA. 2020 Jun 23;323(24):2512-2514. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.8391. No abstract available.
PubMed 32432682Speth MM, Singer-Cornelius T, Oberle M, Gengler I, Brockmeier SJ, Sedaghat AR. Mood, Anxiety and Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19: Evidence of Central Nervous System Involvement? Laryngoscope. 2020 Nov;130(11):2520-2525. doi: 10.1002/lary.28964. Epub 2020 Aug 12.
PubMed 32617983Burges Watson DL, Campbell M, Hopkins C, Smith B, Kelly C, Deary V. Altered smell and taste: Anosmia, parosmia and the impact of long Covid-19. PLoS One. 2021 Sep 24;16(9):e0256998. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256998. eCollection 2021.
PubMed 34559820Schiffman SS, Warwick ZS. Flavor enhancement of foods for the elderly can reverse anorexia. Neurobiol Aging. 1988 Jan-Feb;9(1):24-6. doi: 10.1016/s0197-4580(88)80009-5.
PubMed 3164095Murphy C, Schubert CR, Cruickshanks KJ, Klein BE, Klein R, Nondahl DM. Prevalence of olfactory impairment in older adults. JAMA. 2002 Nov 13;288(18):2307-12. doi: 10.1001/jama.288.18.2307.
PubMed 12425708Bitter T, Gudziol H, Burmeister HP, Mentzel HJ, Guntinas-Lichius O, Gaser C. Anosmia leads to a loss of gray matter in cortical brain areas. Chem Senses. 2010 Jun;35(5):407-15. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjq028. Epub 2010 Mar 15.
PubMed 20231262Pinto JM, Wroblewski KE, Kern DW, Schumm LP, McClintock MK. Olfactory dysfunction predicts 5-year mortality in older adults. PLoS One. 2014 Oct 1;9(10):e107541. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107541. eCollection 2014.
PubMed 25271633Liu B, Luo Z, Pinto JM, Shiroma EJ, Tranah GJ, Wirdefeldt K, Fang F, Harris TB, Chen H. Relationship Between Poor Olfaction and Mortality Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med. 2019 May 21;170(10):673-681. doi: 10.7326/M18-0775. Epub 2019 Apr 30.
PubMed 31035288Van Regemorter V, Hummel T, Rosenzweig F, Mouraux A, Rombaux P, Huart C. Mechanisms Linking Olfactory Impairment and Risk of Mortality. Front Neurosci. 2020 Feb 21;14:140. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00140. eCollection 2020.
PubMed 32153360Schambeck SE, Crowell CS, Wagner KI, D'Ippolito E, Burrell T, Mijocevic H, Protzer U, Busch DH, Gerhard M, Poppert H, Beyer H. Phantosmia, Parosmia, and Dysgeusia Are Prolonged and Late-Onset Symptoms of COVID-19. J Clin Med. 2021 Nov 12;10(22):5266. doi: 10.3390/jcm10225266.
PubMed 34830550Baig AM, Khaleeq A, Ali U, Syeda H. Evidence of the COVID-19 Virus Targeting the CNS: Tissue Distribution, Host-Virus Interaction, and Proposed Neurotropic Mechanisms. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2020 Apr 1;11(7):995-998. doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00122. Epub 2020 Mar 13.
PubMed 32167747Meng X, Deng Y, Dai Z, Meng Z. COVID-19 and anosmia: A review based on up-to-date knowledge. Am J Otolaryngol. 2020 Sep-Oct;41(5):102581. doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102581. Epub 2020 Jun 2.
PubMed 32563019Politi LS, Salsano E, Grimaldi M. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Alteration of the Brain in a Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Anosmia. JAMA Neurol. 2020 Aug 1;77(8):1028-1029. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.2125. No abstract available.
PubMed 32469400
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 24 May 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Smell in Covid-19 and Efficacy of Nasal Theophylline
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04789499
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- SCENT2 / 202101190
- Conditions
- Covid19, Anosmia, Olfactory Disorder, Covid-19 Pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Hyposmia
- Keywords
- Smell, Smell loss, smell dysfunction, olfactory dysfunction, COVID-19, anosmia, theophylline, nasal irrigation
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 51 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Washington University School of MedicineUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Mar 2021 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Dec 2021 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Dec 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 9 Mar 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Posted 24 May 2023
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Evidence of COVID-19 related anosmia and dysgeusia continues to accumulate daily.
Currently, up to 80% of patients report subjective olfactory dysfunction (OD), and prevalence using objective olfactory testing could be even higher.
We propose a phase II single-site, double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial to determine the efficacy and safety of intranasal theophylline, a known phosphodiesterase inhibitor in the treatment of asthma, as a possible treatment for COVID-19 related OD. Theophylline has shown benefit in similar clinical trials for post-viral OD.
Detailed description
Post-viral olfactory dysfunction has numerous known adverse effects such as loss of cortical gray matter and decrease in quality of life. COVID-19 related olfactory dysfunction has already been shown to be correlated with depression and decreased quality of life, so finding an effective treatment is imperative.
Intranasal and oral corticosteroids as well as olfactory training are currently used to treat post-viral OD; however they have demonstrated limited efficacy and there is no current gold standard of care. There is no current consensus on the pathogenesis of COVID-related anosmia; however evidence for post-viral olfactory dysfunction suggests sensory axonal regeneration and olfactory signaling may rely on elevated levels of secondary messengers cAMP and cGMP, a known effect of theophylline. In this phase II treatment trial, patients will be allocated 1:1 to receive either intranasal theophylline irrigation or placebo for six weeks. Various smell surveys and scratch-and-sniff tests will be utilized to capture changes in smell ability.
Due to COVID-19, this study will be conducted virtually, except for the first ten enrolled patients who will undergo one serum theophylline test. This study is limited to patients living in Missouri or Illinois.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, investigator)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Theophylline | Experimental | Drug: Theophylline Powder400mg theophylline capsule diluted in 240 mL isotonic nasal saline lavage twice daily for six weeks. |
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | Drug: Placebo Comparator500mg lactose capsule diluted in 240 mL isotonic nasal saline lavage twice daily for six weeks. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 70 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Olfactory dysfunction that has persisted for >3 months following suspected COVID-19 infection
- Residing within the states of Missouri or Illinois.
- Can read, write, and understand English.
Key exclusion criteria (10 listed)
- History of olfactory dysfunction prior to COVID-19 infection
- Use of concomitant therapies specifically for the treatment of olfactory dysfunction
- History of olfactory dysfunction longer than 12 months
- Known existence of nasal polyps, prior sinonasal, or anterior skull-based surgery
- Dependence on theophylline for comorbid conditions such as asthma and COPD
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Theophylline PowderAlso: Theophylline nasal irrigationTwice daily nasal irrigation with 400 mg theophylline capsules and USP Grade Sodium Chloride \& Sodium Bicarbonate Mixture (pH balanced, Isotonic \& Preservative \& Iodine Free) commercially prepared packets dissolved in 240 ml of distilled water. | Drug | Theophylline |
| Placebo ComparatorAlso: lactose powderTwice daily nasal irrigation with 500 mg lactose powder capsules and USP Grade Sodium Chloride \& Sodium Bicarbonate Mixture (pH balanced, Isotonic \& Preservative \& Iodine Free) commercially prepared packets dissolved in 240 ml of distilled water. | Drug | Placebo |
Primary outcome
UPSIT
Time frame: Comparison of response rate at 6 weeks post-intervention from baseline between the 2 study groups
UPSIT 0-40 with higher scores indicating better results. The response rate defined as the number of participants in each group self-reporting of at least slightly better improvement in the Clinical Global Improvement Scale at 6 weeks post intervention as compared to baseline, devided by the total number of participants in that specific group. The CGI-Improvement Scale has seven response options (from 1 as Very Much Improved to 7 as Very Much Worsened) for answers to the question "Compared to your sense of smell before you started the nasal irrigations, how would you rate your sense of smell now" . Participants reporting 3 as "Minimally Improved", 2 as "Much Improved", or 1 as "Very Much Improved" in the CGI-I will be deemed responders to treatment, and the rate of responders will be compared between the two arms.
4 secondary outcomes
University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT)
Time frame: Comparison at 6 weeks post-intervention from baseline
Change in Questionnaire for Olfactory Dysfunction (QOD) From Baseline to 6 Weeks Post Intervention
Time frame: Comparison at 6 weeks post-intervention from baseline
36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36)
Time frame: Baseline assessment
Olfactory Dysfunction Outcomes Rating (ODOR)
Time frame: Comparison of response rate at 6 weeks post-intervention from baseline between the 2 study groups
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 24 May 2023.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Background: PubMed 34792577Khan AM, Kallogjeri D, Piccirillo JF. Growing Public Health Concern of COVID-19 Chronic Olfactory Dysfunction. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2022 Jan 1;148(1):81-82. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2021.3379.
- Background: PubMed 27287364Hoffman HJ, Rawal S, Li CM, Duffy VB. New chemosensory component in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): first-year results for measured olfactory dysfunction. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2016 Jun;17(2):221-40. doi: 10.1007/s11154-016-9364-1.
- Background: PubMed 32432682Whitcroft KL, Hummel T. Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19: Diagnosis and Management. JAMA. 2020 Jun 23;323(24):2512-2514. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.8391. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 32617983Speth MM, Singer-Cornelius T, Oberle M, Gengler I, Brockmeier SJ, Sedaghat AR. Mood, Anxiety and Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19: Evidence of Central Nervous System Involvement? Laryngoscope. 2020 Nov;130(11):2520-2525. doi: 10.1002/lary.28964. Epub 2020 Aug 12.
- Background: PubMed 34559820Burges Watson DL, Campbell M, Hopkins C, Smith B, Kelly C, Deary V. Altered smell and taste: Anosmia, parosmia and the impact of long Covid-19. PLoS One. 2021 Sep 24;16(9):e0256998. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256998. eCollection 2021.
- Background: PubMed 3164095Schiffman SS, Warwick ZS. Flavor enhancement of foods for the elderly can reverse anorexia. Neurobiol Aging. 1988 Jan-Feb;9(1):24-6. doi: 10.1016/s0197-4580(88)80009-5.
- Background: PubMed 12425708Murphy C, Schubert CR, Cruickshanks KJ, Klein BE, Klein R, Nondahl DM. Prevalence of olfactory impairment in older adults. JAMA. 2002 Nov 13;288(18):2307-12. doi: 10.1001/jama.288.18.2307.
- Background: PubMed 20231262Bitter T, Gudziol H, Burmeister HP, Mentzel HJ, Guntinas-Lichius O, Gaser C. Anosmia leads to a loss of gray matter in cortical brain areas. Chem Senses. 2010 Jun;35(5):407-15. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjq028. Epub 2010 Mar 15.
- Background: PubMed 25271633Pinto JM, Wroblewski KE, Kern DW, Schumm LP, McClintock MK. Olfactory dysfunction predicts 5-year mortality in older adults. PLoS One. 2014 Oct 1;9(10):e107541. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107541. eCollection 2014.
- Background: PubMed 31035288Liu B, Luo Z, Pinto JM, Shiroma EJ, Tranah GJ, Wirdefeldt K, Fang F, Harris TB, Chen H. Relationship Between Poor Olfaction and Mortality Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med. 2019 May 21;170(10):673-681. doi: 10.7326/M18-0775. Epub 2019 Apr 30.
- Background: PubMed 32153360Van Regemorter V, Hummel T, Rosenzweig F, Mouraux A, Rombaux P, Huart C. Mechanisms Linking Olfactory Impairment and Risk of Mortality. Front Neurosci. 2020 Feb 21;14:140. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00140. eCollection 2020.
- Background: PubMed 34830550Schambeck SE, Crowell CS, Wagner KI, D'Ippolito E, Burrell T, Mijocevic H, Protzer U, Busch DH, Gerhard M, Poppert H, Beyer H. Phantosmia, Parosmia, and Dysgeusia Are Prolonged and Late-Onset Symptoms of COVID-19. J Clin Med. 2021 Nov 12;10(22):5266. doi: 10.3390/jcm10225266.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Jay F Piccirillo, M.D., FACS principal investigator
Washington University School of Medicine
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 2 study testing Theophylline Powder in people with Covid19 and Anosmia, run by Washington University School of Medicine at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 10 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 24 May 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 24 May 2023). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
UPSIT (time frame: Comparison of response rate at 6 weeks post-intervention from baseline between the 2 study groups). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04789499, which also lists 47 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 24 May 2023; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 8 Nov 2026.