AzTrials
AzTrials

HealthyNCT04784806

Amino Acid Profile and Muscle Protein Synthetic Response to Consuming Meat or Plant-based Alternatives

A study testing Ground beef, Ground pork and Tofu in people with Healthy, run by University of California, Davis at 1 site in United States.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
Search all trials

Trial summary

The purpose of the study is to quantify and compare the serum amino acid profile, and muscle protein synthesis rates, in response to consuming isonitrogenous amounts of ground meat (beef and pork) or plant-based alternatives -(soy and pea protein-based patties). Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 to 30 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
Conditions the study is for
Healthy
What is being tested?
Ground beef, Ground pork and Tofu
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
17 participants
Where
1 siteUnited States
Study dates
30 Apr 2021to 23 Sep 2021
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 to 30 years
  • All sexes
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Adult

Who may be able to join

  • Healthy active male (n=8) and female (n=8) volunteers aged 18 - 30 years
  • normal weight (BMI between 18 and 25 kg/m2) will be recruited to participate in the study.
  • To be considered active, volunteers must meet the following American College of Sports Medicine's guideline for physical activity for healthy adults: performing at least 150 minutes per week of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity.

Who cannot join

  • Health or dietary restriction that would be affected by the foods consumed.
  • Known food allergy to legumes (soybeans, peas, peanuts) or meat (beef or pork)
  • Anemia (low red blood cell count)
  • Overweight or obesity (BMI > 25 kg/m2)
  • Currently not meeting the ACSM physical activity recommendations (IPAQ score < 150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity)
  • Metabolic or endocrine disorder that would affect the digestion, absorption, and/or physiological response to any of the nutrients ingested
Show all 11Show fewer
  • Receiving any medication that may interfere with the study
  • Adults unable to consent
  • Individuals who are not yet adults (infants, children, teenagers)
  • Pregnant women
  • Prisoners

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

United States1 site
  • CTSC Clinical Research Center

    Sacramento, California, 95817

Other trials in United States

About this study

The purpose of the study is to quantify and compare the serum amino acid profile, and muscle protein synthesis rates, in response to consuming isonitrogenous amounts of ground meat (beef and pork) or plant-based alternatives -(soy and pea protein-based patties).

Specific aim 1: Describe the post-prandial amino acid profile in serum in the 3 hours following consumption of the following four burger patties, in quantities calculated to deliver 20 grams of protein: ground beef, ground pork, Beyond Meat® burger, and tofu burger.

Specific aim 2: Compare the ability of these four different foods to activate mTORC1 and protein synthesis in muscle.

Read the detailed description

Study design:

The first visit will be a brief meeting conducted over Zoom with one of the investigators (Karine Schaal), who will go over the study details with the volunteer, answer their questions, and obtain informed consent. Subjects will sign the informed consent electronically, using DocuSign. Subjects will be given a copy of their signed informed consent form. A paper copy of the consent form will be kept in a locked file cabinet in the office of the principal investigator.

Study volunteers will come to the CTSC Clinical Research Center (CCRC) on four separate occasions. The CCRC is located in the Cypress Building adjacent to the UC Davis Medical Center (2221 Stockton Blvd, Suite D, Sacramento CA 95817).

The four study visits will be test visits scheduled over a two week period (i.e. twice per week for 2 weeks), at the same time in the morning following and overnight (> 12 hour) fast. They will be asked to refrain from vigorous exercise, caffeine, nicotine and alcohol for 24 hours prior to each visit. Female volunteers will be asked to schedule their study visits within the first two weeks of their menstrual cycle (starting on the first day of menstrual bleeding), in order to control for ovarian hormone fluctuations which may impact digestion and metabolism.

Upon arrival to the CCRC on the first test visit, each volunteer's height and weight will be measured.

  1. Baseline blood draw. Subjects will then be placed in individual testing rooms, equipped with a reclining phlebotomy armchair. A registered nurse or nurse practitioner will insert a 22G catheter in a forearm vein and an initial 3.5 mL baseline blood sample will be collected.

II. Test meal.

After the baseline blood sample is collected, subjects will consume one of the following four burgers in isonitrogenous amounts to deliver 20 g of protein:

  • 106g ground beef patty (85% lean + 15% fat)
  • 118g ground pork (72.5% lean + 27.5% fat)
  • 113g Beyond Meat® patty
  • 113g tofu patty

Each food will be weighed before cooking. The beef, pork and Beyond® burgers will be grilled on an indoor electric grill until internal temperature reaches 165°F to comply with the USDA Recommendations for Food Safety (beef and pork, minimum 160°F) and manufacturer instructions (Beyond Meat®). Tofu burgers are pre-cooked and will be warmed by grilling for 2 minutes, per manufacturer recommendations. The internal temperature of the burgers will be monitored using a meat thermometer. The burgers will be served to the volunteers as soon as they are finished cooking.

Subjects will be asked to consume each patty without buns or condiments within a 10 minute period, and instructed to chew thoroughly. They will also be asked to drink a 6 ounce glass of water with the meal.

III. Postprandial blood draws.

Following consumption of the test meal, the participants will remain at the research site, in their individual testing room, for another 3 hours, sitting quietly - they may bring books or electronic devices to pass the time. Five more blood samples of 3.5 mL each will be obtained at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes after the test meal, totaling six blood draws of 3.5mL per visit (21mL per visit), and 84 mL of blood drawn in total for each subject completing the entire study.

Blood will be collected in 3.5 mL serum separating tubes. Approximately 50 microliters of whole-blood will be used to measure blood glucose within 5 minutes of the draw. The rest will be allowed to clot for 1hr before centrifugation at 1000 x g for 10 minutes.The serum will be frozen and kept at -80°C until processed. 100 microliters of each serum sample will be used for determining amino acid concentrations by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at the UC Davis Proteomics Core. Another 100 microliters will be used to measure insulin concentrations via enzyme-linked immunoassay. The rest of the serum will be used for developing the mTORC1 bioassay.

The order in which subjects receive each test meal will be randomized to avoid any order effect, and at least a two-day washout period will be given between visits.

Conditions
Healthy
Being tested
Ground beef, Ground pork, Tofu, Beyond Meat
Keywords
Meat protein, Plant protein, Muscle protein synthesis

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Ground beefOther

    Subjects will consume a 106g patty of cooked ground beef.

  • Ground porkOther

    Subjects will consume a 118g patty of cooked ground pork

  • TofuOther

    Subjects will consume a 113g patty of cooked tofu

  • Beyond MeatOther

    Subjects will consume a 113g BeyondMeat patty.

Study groups in NCT04784806
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Consumption of ground beefExperimentalConsuming 106g of cooked ground beef (85% lean) to deliver 20g of protein.
Receives: Other: Ground beef; Other: Ground pork; Other: Tofu; Other: Beyond Meat
Consumption of ground porkExperimentalConsuming 118g of cooked ground pork (72% lean) to deliver 20g of protein.
Receives: Other: Ground beef; Other: Ground pork; Other: Tofu; Other: Beyond Meat
Consumption of tofu burgerExperimentalConsuming 113g of cooked tofu to deliver 20g of protein.
Receives: Other: Ground beef; Other: Ground pork; Other: Tofu; Other: Beyond Meat
Consumption of Beyond Meat burgerExperimentalConsuming 113g of Beyond Meat burger to deliver 20g of protein.
Receives: Other: Ground beef; Other: Ground pork; Other: Tofu; Other: Beyond Meat

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Quantification of serum amino acid concentrations after consuming each test meal.

    A fasted 3.5mL baseline blood sample will be collected in serum separating tubes, after which subjects will consume one of the four patties. Five 3.5mL blood samples will be obtained at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes following the patty consumption.

    Blood will be allowed to clot for 1hr before centrifugation at 1000 x g for 10 minutes. The serum will be frozen and kept at -80°C until processed. 100 microliters of each serum sample will be used for determining amino acid concentrations by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at the UC Davis Proteomics Core.

    Measured: Baseline and 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes after consuming each test meal

  2. Quantification of muscle protein synthesis rates in vitro

    The rest of the serum obtained from the procedures described in Outcome 1 will be used for developing the mTORC1 bioassay and quantify the rate of muscle protein synthesis in vitro.

    Measured: Baseline and 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes after consuming each test meal

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted5 Mar 2021
  2. Study start30 Apr 2021
  3. Primary completion23 Sep 2021
  4. Study completion23 Sep 2021

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Basic science
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Crossover
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
17 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT04784806
Sponsor's protocol ID
1548896
Status last verified
Jan 2022
First submitted
3 Mar 2021
Last updated
14 Jan 2022
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No

Publications

  • Tang JE, Moore DR, Kujbida GW, Tarnopolsky MA, Phillips SM. Ingestion of whey hydrolysate, casein, or soy protein isolate: effects on mixed muscle protein synthesis at rest and following resistance exercise in young men. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2009 Sep;107(3):987-92. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00076.2009. Epub 2009 Jul 9.

    PubMed 19589961
  • Dickinson JM, Fry CS, Drummond MJ, Gundermann DM, Walker DK, Glynn EL, Timmerman KL, Dhanani S, Volpi E, Rasmussen BB. Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 activation is required for the stimulation of human skeletal muscle protein synthesis by essential amino acids. J Nutr. 2011 May;141(5):856-62. doi: 10.3945/jn.111.139485. Epub 2011 Mar 23.

    PubMed 21430254
  • Baar K, Esser K. Phosphorylation of p70(S6k) correlates with increased skeletal muscle mass following resistance exercise. Am J Physiol. 1999 Jan;276(1):C120-7. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.1999.276.1.C120.

    PubMed 9886927
  • Witard OC, McGlory C, Hamilton DL, Phillips SM. Growing older with health and vitality: a nexus of physical activity, exercise and nutrition. Biogerontology. 2016 Jun;17(3):529-46. doi: 10.1007/s10522-016-9637-9. Epub 2016 Feb 15.

    PubMed 26878863
  • Wolfson RL, Sabatini DM. The Dawn of the Age of Amino Acid Sensors for the mTORC1 Pathway. Cell Metab. 2017 Aug 1;26(2):301-309. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.07.001.

    PubMed 28768171
  • van Vliet S, Burd NA, van Loon LJ. The Skeletal Muscle Anabolic Response to Plant- versus Animal-Based Protein Consumption. J Nutr. 2015 Sep;145(9):1981-91. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.204305. Epub 2015 Jul 29.

    PubMed 26224750
  • Tipton KD, Ferrando AA, Phillips SM, Doyle D Jr, Wolfe RR. Postexercise net protein synthesis in human muscle from orally administered amino acids. Am J Physiol. 1999 Apr;276(4):E628-34. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.1999.276.4.E628.

    PubMed 10198297

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Ground beef, Ground pork and Tofu in people with Healthy, run by University of California, Davis at 1 site in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 11 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 Jan 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Quantification of serum amino acid concentrations after consuming each test meal. (time frame: Baseline and 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes after consuming each test meal). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04784806, which also lists 7 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 Jan 2022.

Free account

Log in to keep searching

You’ve used your 3 free searches. AzTrials is free: log in or create a free account to keep searching clinical trials and save the ones you want to follow.

Create a free accountLog in