Financial ToxicityDISCONCT04766190
DISCO: A Patient Intervention to Reduce the Financial Burden of Cancer
A study testing Group 2: The DISCO App and Group 3: The DISCO App + Booster in people with Financial Toxicity and Cancer, run by Lauren Hamel at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The DISCO App is designed to improve, during the interaction, patient active participation and patient-initiated oncologist treatment cost discussions, and, in the short term, patient's treatment cost knowledge, self-efficacy for managing both cost and physician interactions, referrals, perceived financial toxicity… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Financial Toxicity, Cancer, Question Prompt List
- What is being tested?
- Group 2: The DISCO App and Group 3: The DISCO App + Booster
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 254 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 10 Feb 2021to 31 Aug 2028
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Oncologists are eligible if they treat patients with breast, prostate, lung, or colorectal cancers at Karmanos Cancer Institute. Data from oncologists will include their self-report data and video-recorded treatment discussions with participating patients.
- Patients: Must be able to read and write in English; have an email account; and are newly diagnosed with breast, prostate, lung or colorectal cancer (stage I-IV) for which systemic therapy is a likely recommended treatment. Data from patients will include their self-report data, video-recorded treatment discussions with participating oncologists, and medical record data
Who cannot join
- -
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute
Detroit, Michigan, 48201
About this study
The DISCO App is designed to improve, during the interaction, patient active participation and patient-initiated oncologist treatment cost discussions, and, in the short term, patient's treatment cost knowledge, self-efficacy for managing both cost and physician interactions, referrals, perceived financial toxicity (i.e., distress and material hardship); in turn, these will affect longer-term outcomes of financial toxicity and adherence.
Read the detailed description
This work is based on the core scientific premise - that increasing patient active participation and the frequency and quality of treatment cost discussions will decrease the short- and longer-term burdens of financial toxicity through their influence on self-efficacy for managing treatment cost. The focus is on patient self-efficacy for managing treatment cost because it is expected that improved treatment cost education and patient-oncologist treatment cost discussions prompted by the DISCO App will directly improve the self-efficacy needed for patients to proactively manage treatment costs, thus reducing the material and psychological burden of financial toxicity. The DISCO App is not designed to increase patients' ability to pay or reduce the cost of treatment, but it may benefit patients by increasing: their knowledge of treatment costs, their self-efficacy for managing cost, and the likelihood they receive financial and psychological assistance and support. This research is significant because, if successful, reducing the material and psychological burden of financial toxicity will improve the quality of care and work toward achieving health equity. The DISCO App has already been tested for its feasibility and acceptability. The DISCO App will now be tested for its effectiveness in a diverse population of people with solid tumors treated with IV and oral chemotherapies.
- Conditions
- Financial Toxicity, Cancer, Question Prompt List, Breast Cancer, Prostate Cancer
- Being tested
- Group 2: The DISCO App, Group 1: Usual Care, Group 3: The DISCO App + Booster
- Keywords
- Financial Toxicity, Cancer, Treatment cost, Patient-provider communication
- Medical subject headings
- Financial Stress, Neoplasms, Breast Neoplasms, Prostatic Neoplasms
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Group 2: The DISCO AppBehavioural
Patients will receive an individually-tailorable cancer treatment cost education and communication intervention delivered on an iPad just prior to meeting with their oncologist.
Group 1: Usual CareBehavioural
Patients randomized to this arm will receive usual care.
Group 3: The DISCO App + BoosterBehavioural
Patients will receive an individually-tailorable cancer treatment cost education and communication intervention delivered on an iPad just prior to meeting with their oncologist. Then, 2 months later they will receive an intervention booster in the form of an individually-tailored email to remind patients of the contents of the intervention.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Group 1: Usual Care | Other | The patient will be asked to arrive 30 minutes early to their next scheduled appointment with their oncologist so they can complete a survey.
The patient will be video recorded at their appointment. The oncologist has agreed to be video recorded. Immediately after this appointment, the patient will be asked to complete another brief survey that takes about 20 minutes. The questions will ask about how the meeting went. The patient's meeting with the oncologist will not be delayed or changed in any way because of this study. Receives: Behavioral: Group 1: Usual Care |
| Group 2: The DISCO App | Other | The patient will be asked to arrive 30 minutes early to their next scheduled appointment with their oncologist so they can complete a survey.
The patient will be shown an iPad with an "app" while waiting to see their oncologist. The app includes a short video and asks questions about the patient's financial concerns. The app will give the patient a list of questions the patient may want to ask their oncologist during their appointment. The patient will then meet with their oncologist. The meeting with the patient's oncologist will be video recorded. The oncologist has agreed to be video recorded. Immediately after meeting the oncologist, the patient will complete another brief survey. The questions will ask about how the meeting went and what the patient thought of the app. The meeting with the oncologist will not be delayed or changed in any way because of this study. Receives: Behavioral: Group 2: The DISCO App |
| Group 3: The DISCO App + Booster | Other | The patient will be asked to arrive 30 minutes early to their next scheduled appointment with their oncologist so they can complete a survey.
The patient will be shown an iPad with an "app" while waiting to see your oncologist. The app includes a short video and asks questions about your financial concerns. The app will give the patient a list of questions they may want to ask their oncologist during their appointment. The patient will then meet with their oncologist. The meeting with their oncologist will be video recorded. The oncologist has agreed to be video recorded. Immediately after meeting their oncologist, they will complete another brief survey. The questions will ask about how the meeting went and what they thought of the app. The patient's meeting with the oncologist will not be delayed or changed in any way because of this study. Two months after that appointment, the patient will be sent a reminder of the information that was presented on the app. Receives: Behavioral: Group 3: The DISCO App + Booster |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Self-efficacy in patient-physician interactions. An example item from the PEPPI scale: How confident are you in your ability to know what questions to ask your doctor? Data will be aggregated using means and standard deviations.
How efficacious patients feel about communicating with physicians. Scale title: Self-efficacy in patient-physician interactions. Minimum = 1; Maximum = 5; higher is a better outcome.
Measured: Immediately after the video-recorded patient-physician interaction
Self-efficacy in managing treatment costs An example item from adapted scale: I am confident I can pay for the direct costs of my treatment. Data will be aggregated using means and standard deviations.
How efficacious patients feel about managing their treatment costs. Scale title: Self-efficacy in managing treatment costs. Minimum = 1; Maximum = 5; higher is a better outcome.
Measured: Immediately after video-recorded patient-physician interaction
Knowledge of types of treatment cost An example item from the original measure: Cancer treatment may cost me in the following ways? Data will be aggregated using frequency counts.
If patients know the types of cost associated with cancer treatment
Measured: Immediately after video-recorded patient-physician interaction
Perceived financial toxicity; Scale title: Adapted Comprehensive score for financial toxicity (COST) measure.
Anticipated financial harm due to treatment cost. Scale title: Adapted Comprehensive score for financial toxicity (COST) measure. Minimum = 0; Maximum = 4; lower is a better outcome.
Measured: Immediately after video-recorded patient-physician interaction
Perceived presence of treatment cost discussion
Patient perception that treatment cost discussed with the physician
Measured: Immediately after video-recorded patient-physician interaction
Patient self-report of level of satisfaction with any treatment cost discussions with physician assessed via an original scale: satisfaction with any treatment cost discussed with the physician that occurred.
Scale title: Satisfaction with any treatment cost discussed with the physician that occurred. Minimum = 1; Maximum = 5; higher is a better outcome.
Measured: Immediately after video-recorded patient-physician interaction
The observed frequency of a cost discussion assessed via an original coding system. Frequency is assessed as the number of distinct cost discussions that occur in each recorded interaction. Higher is a better outcome.
Observation of the frequency of a cost discussion. Minimum = 0; Maximum = undefined.
Measured: During the video-recorded patient-physician interaction
Patient-Centered Communication scale. The observed quality of patient-physician communication assessed a validated coding system. Minimum = 1; Maximum =5; higher is a better outcome
Observation of the quality of patient-physician communication.
Measured: During the video-recorded patient-physician interaction
Referral to social work/financial navigator
If the patient was referred to a social worker or financial navigator. The number of patients who receive a referral to a social worker or a financial navigator.
Measured: Immediately after video-recorded patient-physician interaction
Secondary outcomes (7)
Self-efficacy in patient-physician interactions. An example item from the PEPPI scale: How confident are you in your ability to know what questions to ask your doctor? Data will be aggregated using means and standard deviations.
How efficacious patients feel about communicating with physicians. Scale title: Self-efficacy in patient-physician interactions. Minimum = 1; Maximum = 5; higher is a better outcome.
Measured: 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after video-recorded patient-physician interaction
Self-efficacy in managing treatment costs
How efficacious patients feel about managing their treatment costs. Scale title: Self-efficacy in managing treatment costs. Minimum = 1; Maximum = 5; higher is a better outcome.
An example item from the adapted scale: I am confident I can pay for the direct costs of my treatment.
Data will be aggregated using means and standard deviations.
Measured: 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after video-recorded patient-physician interaction
Financial toxicity
The experience of financial harm due to treatment cost. Rate of patients who indicate they are experiencing financial burden due to cancer treatment costs.
Measured: 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after video-recorded patient-physician interaction
Follow up with social work/financial navigator
If the patient followed up with social work/financial navigator if referred.
Data will be aggregated using frequency counts.
Measured: 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after video-recorded patient-physician interaction
Treatment adherence An example item from the Medical Outcomes Study General Adherence measure: I had a hard time doing what the doctor suggested I do for treating my cancer.
If the patient adhered to the recommended treatment
Measured: 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after video-recorded patient-physician interaction
Treatment-cost related adherence
If the patient was unable to adhere to treatment due to cost
Measured: 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after video-recorded patient-physician interaction
Clinical appointment adherence. The rate of appointments a patient is scheduled for and attends.
If the patient adhered to clinical appointments
Measured: 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after video-recorded patient-physician interaction
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted23 Feb 2021
- Study start10 Feb 2021
- Primary completion31 Aug 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion31 Aug 2028 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Financial ToxicityStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- The research tests the effectiveness of an application-based ("app") communication intervention designed to improve the frequency and quality of patient-oncologist treatment cost discussions during clinical interactions, and associated measures.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 254 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Lauren Hamel
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Lauren Hamel, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute
- Investigators
- Lauren Hamel, PhD, Principal investigator, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Insitute
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04766190
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2020-117
- Other IDs
- RSG-20-026-01 - CPHPS
- Acronym
- DISCO
- Status last verified
- Jul 2026
- First submitted
- 10 Feb 2021
- Last updated
- 6 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Publications
Hamel LM, Dougherty DW, Kim S, Heath EI, Mabunda L, Tadesse E, Hill R, Eggly S. DISCO App: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial to test the effectiveness of a patient intervention to reduce the financial burden of cancer in a diverse patient population. Trials. 2021 Sep 17;22(1):636. doi: 10.1186/s13063-021-05593-y.
PubMed 34535162
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 6 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- DISCO: A Patient Intervention to Reduce the Financial Burden of Cancer
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04766190
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- DISCO / 2020-117
- Conditions
- Financial Toxicity, Cancer, Question Prompt List, Breast Cancer, Prostate Cancer
- Keywords
- Financial Toxicity, Cancer, Treatment cost, Patient-provider communication
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Active, not recruiting
- Enrolment
- 254 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Lauren HamelUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 10 Feb 2021 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Aug 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 31 Aug 2028 (estimated)
- First posted
- 23 Feb 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The DISCO App is designed to improve, during the interaction, patient active participation and patient-initiated oncologist treatment cost discussions, and, in the short term, patient's treatment cost knowledge, self-efficacy for managing both cost and physician interactions, referrals, perceived financial toxicity (i.e., distress and material hardship); in turn, these will affect longer-term outcomes of financial toxicity and adherence.
Detailed description
This work is based on the core scientific premise - that increasing patient active participation and the frequency and quality of treatment cost discussions will decrease the short- and longer-term burdens of financial toxicity through their influence on self-efficacy for managing treatment cost. The focus is on patient self-efficacy for managing treatment cost because it is expected that improved treatment cost education and patient-oncologist treatment cost discussions prompted by the DISCO App will directly improve the self-efficacy needed for patients to proactively manage treatment costs, thus reducing the material and psychological burden of financial toxicity. The DISCO App is not designed to increase patients' ability to pay or reduce the cost of treatment, but it may benefit patients by increasing: their knowledge of treatment costs, their self-efficacy for managing cost, and the likelihood they receive financial and psychological assistance and support. This research is significant because, if successful, reducing the material and psychological burden of financial toxicity will improve the quality of care and work toward achieving health equity. The DISCO App has already been tested for its feasibility and acceptability. The DISCO App will now be tested for its effectiveness in a diverse population of people with solid tumors treated with IV and oral chemotherapies.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 3
- Model description
- The research tests the effectiveness of an application-based ("app") communication intervention designed to improve the frequency and quality of patient-oncologist treatment cost discussions during clinical interactions, and associated measures.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Group 1: Usual Care | Other | Behavioral: Group 1: Usual CareThe patient will be asked to arrive 30 minutes early to their next scheduled appointment with their oncologist so they can complete a survey. The patient will be video recorded at their appointment. The oncologist has agreed to be video recorded. Immediately after this appointment, the patient will be asked to complete another brief survey that takes about 20 minutes. The questions will ask about how the meeting went. The patient's meeting with the oncologist will not be delayed or changed in any way because of this study. |
| Group 2: The DISCO App | Other | Behavioral: Group 2: The DISCO AppThe patient will be asked to arrive 30 minutes early to their next scheduled appointment with their oncologist so they can complete a survey. The patient will be shown an iPad with an "app" while waiting to see their oncologist. The app includes a short video and asks questions about the patient's financial concerns. The app will give the patient a list of questions the patient may want to ask their oncologist during their appointment. The patient will then meet with their oncologist. The meeting with the patient's oncologist will be video recorded. The oncologist has agreed to be video recorded. Immediately after meeting the oncologist, the patient will complete another brief survey. The questions will ask about how the meeting went and what the patient thought of the app. The meeting with the oncologist will not be delayed or changed in any way because of this study. |
| Group 3: The DISCO App + Booster | Other | Behavioral: Group 3: The DISCO App + BoosterThe patient will be asked to arrive 30 minutes early to their next scheduled appointment with their oncologist so they can complete a survey. The patient will be shown an iPad with an "app" while waiting to see your oncologist. The app includes a short video and asks questions about your financial concerns. The app will give the patient a list of questions they may want to ask their oncologist during their appointment. The patient will then meet with their oncologist. The meeting with their oncologist will be video recorded. The oncologist has agreed to be video recorded. Immediately after meeting their oncologist, they will complete another brief survey. The questions will ask about how the meeting went and what they thought of the app. The patient's meeting with the oncologist will not be delayed or changed in any way because of this study. Two months after that appointment, the patient will be sent a reminder of the information that was presented on the app. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Oncologists are eligible if they treat patients with breast, prostate, lung, or colorectal cancers at Karmanos Cancer Institute. Data from oncologists will include their self-report data and video-recorded treatment discussions with participating patients.
- Patients: Must be able to read and write in English; have an email account; and are newly diagnosed with breast, prostate, lung or colorectal cancer (stage I-IV) for which systemic therapy is a likely recommended treatment. Data from patients will include their self-report data, video-recorded treatment discussions with participating oncologists, and medical record data
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- -
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Group 2: The DISCO AppPatients will receive an individually-tailorable cancer treatment cost education and communication intervention delivered on an iPad just prior to meeting with their oncologist. | Behavioural | Group 2: The DISCO App |
| Group 1: Usual CarePatients randomized to this arm will receive usual care. | Behavioural | Group 1: Usual Care |
| Group 3: The DISCO App + BoosterPatients will receive an individually-tailorable cancer treatment cost education and communication intervention delivered on an iPad just prior to meeting with their oncologist. Then, 2 months later they will receive an intervention booster in the form of an individually-tailored email to remind patients of the contents of the intervention. | Behavioural | Group 3: The DISCO App + Booster |
Primary outcome
Self-efficacy in patient-physician interactions. An example item from the PEPPI scale: How confident are you in your ability to know what questions to ask your doctor? Data will be aggregated using means and standard deviations.
Time frame: Immediately after the video-recorded patient-physician interaction
How efficacious patients feel about communicating with physicians. Scale title: Self-efficacy in patient-physician interactions. Minimum = 1; Maximum = 5; higher is a better outcome.
Self-efficacy in managing treatment costs An example item from adapted scale: I am confident I can pay for the direct costs of my treatment. Data will be aggregated using means and standard deviations.
Time frame: Immediately after video-recorded patient-physician interaction
How efficacious patients feel about managing their treatment costs. Scale title: Self-efficacy in managing treatment costs. Minimum = 1; Maximum = 5; higher is a better outcome.
Knowledge of types of treatment cost An example item from the original measure: Cancer treatment may cost me in the following ways? Data will be aggregated using frequency counts.
Time frame: Immediately after video-recorded patient-physician interaction
If patients know the types of cost associated with cancer treatment
Perceived financial toxicity; Scale title: Adapted Comprehensive score for financial toxicity (COST) measure.
Time frame: Immediately after video-recorded patient-physician interaction
Anticipated financial harm due to treatment cost. Scale title: Adapted Comprehensive score for financial toxicity (COST) measure. Minimum = 0; Maximum = 4; lower is a better outcome.
Perceived presence of treatment cost discussion
Time frame: Immediately after video-recorded patient-physician interaction
Patient perception that treatment cost discussed with the physician
Patient self-report of level of satisfaction with any treatment cost discussions with physician assessed via an original scale: satisfaction with any treatment cost discussed with the physician that occurred.
Time frame: Immediately after video-recorded patient-physician interaction
Scale title: Satisfaction with any treatment cost discussed with the physician that occurred. Minimum = 1; Maximum = 5; higher is a better outcome.
The observed frequency of a cost discussion assessed via an original coding system. Frequency is assessed as the number of distinct cost discussions that occur in each recorded interaction. Higher is a better outcome.
Time frame: During the video-recorded patient-physician interaction
Observation of the frequency of a cost discussion. Minimum = 0; Maximum = undefined.
Patient-Centered Communication scale. The observed quality of patient-physician communication assessed a validated coding system. Minimum = 1; Maximum =5; higher is a better outcome
Time frame: During the video-recorded patient-physician interaction
Observation of the quality of patient-physician communication.
Referral to social work/financial navigator
Time frame: Immediately after video-recorded patient-physician interaction
If the patient was referred to a social worker or financial navigator. The number of patients who receive a referral to a social worker or a financial navigator.
7 secondary outcomes
Self-efficacy in patient-physician interactions. An example item from the PEPPI scale: How confident are you in your ability to know what questions to ask your doctor? Data will be aggregated using means and standard deviations.
Time frame: 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after video-recorded patient-physician interaction
Self-efficacy in managing treatment costs
Time frame: 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after video-recorded patient-physician interaction
Financial toxicity
Time frame: 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after video-recorded patient-physician interaction
Follow up with social work/financial navigator
Time frame: 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after video-recorded patient-physician interaction
Treatment adherence An example item from the Medical Outcomes Study General Adherence measure: I had a hard time doing what the doctor suggested I do for treating my cancer.
Time frame: 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after video-recorded patient-physician interaction
Treatment-cost related adherence
Time frame: 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after video-recorded patient-physician interaction
Clinical appointment adherence. The rate of appointments a patient is scheduled for and attends.
Time frame: 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after video-recorded patient-physician interaction
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 6 Aug 2026.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 34535162Hamel LM, Dougherty DW, Kim S, Heath EI, Mabunda L, Tadesse E, Hill R, Eggly S. DISCO App: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial to test the effectiveness of a patient intervention to reduce the financial burden of cancer in a diverse patient population. Trials. 2021 Sep 17;22(1):636. doi: 10.1186/s13063-021-05593-y.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Lauren Hamel, PhD principal investigator
Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Insitute
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Group 2: The DISCO App and Group 3: The DISCO App + Booster in people with Financial Toxicity and Cancer, run by Lauren Hamel at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: under way, not looking for participants, as of the sponsor's last update on 6 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Self-efficacy in patient-physician interactions. An example item from the PEPPI scale: How confident are you in your ability to know what questions to ask your doctor? Data will be aggregated using means and standard deviations. (time frame: Immediately after the video-recorded patient-physician interaction). The study lists 9 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04766190, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 6 Aug 2026.