Venous ThromboembolismNCT04736420
Replication of the EINSTEIN-DVT Anticoagulant Trial in Healthcare Claims Data
An observational study of Venous Thromboembolism, run by Brigham and Women's Hospital at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
Investigators are building an empirical evidence base for real world data through large-scale replication of randomized controlled trials. The investigators' goal is to understand for what types of clinical questions real world data analyses can be conducted with confidence and how to implement such studies. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Venous Thromboembolism
- What is being tested?
- Rivaroxaban and Warfarin
- How many people
- 78,605 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 22 Sep 2020to 15 Jun 2026
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: This study will involve a new user, parallel group, propensity score-matched, retrospective cohort study design comparing rivaroxaban to warfarin users. The patients will be required to have continuous enrollment during a baseline period of 180 days before initiation of rivaroxaban or warfarin (index date). We will restrict the analyses to patients with a diagnosis of proximal DVT without symptomatic PE.
Who may be able to join
- Confirmed acute symptomatic proximal DVT without symptomatic PE
Who cannot join
- Age ≤ 18
- Thrombectomy, insertion of a caval filter, or use of a fibrinolytic agent to treat the current episode of DVT or PE two weeks prior to and including day of enrollment
- Other indications for VKA than DVT and/or PE six months prior to and including day of enrollment
- Any of the following six months prior to and including day of enrollment:
- Creatine clearance < 30 ml/min
- Significant liver disease (e.g. acute hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis) or ALAT>3 ULN
Show all 13Show fewer
- Bacterial endocarditis
- Active bleeding or high risk for bleeding contraindicating treatment with enoxaparin or VKA
- Systolic blood pressure > 180 mgHg or diastolic blood pressure > 110 mgHg
- Childbearing potential without proper contraceptive measures, pregnancy, or breastfeeding
- Life expectancy < 3 months in the last year prior to and including day of enrollment
- Concomitant use of strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g. HIV protease inhibitors, systemic ketoconazole) or strong CYP3A4 inducers two weeks prior to and including day of enrollment
- Symptomatic pulmonary embolism two weeks prior to and including day of enrollment
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Brigham and Women's Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts, 02120
About this study
Investigators are building an empirical evidence base for real world data through large-scale replication of randomized controlled trials. The investigators' goal is to understand for what types of clinical questions real world data analyses can be conducted with confidence and how to implement such studies.
Read the detailed description
This is a non-randomized, non-interventional study that is part of the RCT DUPLICATE initiative (www.rctduplicate.org) of the Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School. It is intended to replicate, as closely as possible in healthcare insurance claims data, the trial listed below/above. Although many features of the trial cannot be directly replicated in healthcare claims, key design features, including outcomes, exposures, and inclusion/exclusion criteria, were selected to proxy those features from the trial. Randomization is also not replicable in healthcare claims data but was proxied through a statistical balancing of measured covariates through standard practice. Investigators assume that the RCT provides the reference standard treatment effect estimate and that failure to replicate RCT findings is indicative of the inadequacy of the healthcare claims data for replication for a range of possible reasons and does not provide information on the validity of the original RCT finding.
- Conditions
- Venous Thromboembolism
- Being tested
- Rivaroxaban, Warfarin
- Medical subject headings
- Venous Thromboembolism
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
RivaroxabanDrug
Rivaroxaban dispensing claim is used as the exposure group
WarfarinDrug
Warfarin dispensing claim is used as the reference group
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Warfarin | Reference group Receives: Drug: Warfarin | |
| Rivaroxaban | Exposure group Receives: Drug: Rivaroxaban |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Time to first occurrence of venous thromboembolism
The primary outcome is the time from 1 day after prescription fill of the exposure or comparator to the first occurrence of venous thromboembolism up to 1 year
Measured: From 1 day after prescription fill until outcome occurrence or censoring due to end of follow-up, death, treatment discontinuation, nursing home admission, treatment augmentation, or switch to another NOAC, assessed up to 1 year.
Secondary outcomes (2)
Time to first occurrence of major bleeding
The control outcome is the time from 1 day after prescription fill of the exposure or comparator to the first occurrence of a major bleeding event as a control outcome up to 1 year
Measured: From 1 day after prescription fill until outcome occurrence or censoring due to end of follow-up, death, treatment discontinuation, nursing home admission, treatment augmentation, or switch to another NOAC, assessed up to 1 year.
Time to first occurrence of fracture or fall
The control outcome is the time from 1 day after prescription fill of the exposure or comparator to the first occurrence of fracture or fall as a control outcome up to 1 year
Measured: From 1 day after prescription fill until outcome occurrence or censoring due to end of follow-up, death, treatment discontinuation, nursing home admission, treatment augmentation, or switch to another NOAC, assessed up to 1 year.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted3 Feb 2021
- Study start22 Sep 2020
- Primary completion15 Jun 2026
- Study completion15 Jun 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Venous ThromboembolismStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Brigham and Women's HospitalThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Retrospective
- Enrolment
- 78,605 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Brigham and Women's Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Shirley Vichy Wang, Brigham and Women's Hospital
- Investigators
- Shirley Wang, PhD, ScM, Principal investigator, Brigham and Women's Hospital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04736420
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2018P002966-DUP-EINSTEIN-DVT
- Status last verified
- Jun 2026
- First submitted
- 25 Jan 2021
- Last updated
- 10 Jul 2026
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- Yes
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 10 Jul 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Replication of the EINSTEIN-DVT Anticoagulant Trial in Healthcare Claims Data
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04736420
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2018P002966-DUP-EINSTEIN-DVT
- Conditions
- Venous Thromboembolism
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 78,605 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Brigham and Women's HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 22 Sep 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Jun 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 15 Jun 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 3 Feb 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Investigators are building an empirical evidence base for real world data through large-scale replication of randomized controlled trials. The investigators' goal is to understand for what types of clinical questions real world data analyses can be conducted with confidence and how to implement such studies.
Detailed description
This is a non-randomized, non-interventional study that is part of the RCT DUPLICATE initiative (www.rctduplicate.org) of the Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School. It is intended to replicate, as closely as possible in healthcare insurance claims data, the trial listed below/above. Although many features of the trial cannot be directly replicated in healthcare claims, key design features, including outcomes, exposures, and inclusion/exclusion criteria, were selected to proxy those features from the trial. Randomization is also not replicable in healthcare claims data but was proxied through a statistical balancing of measured covariates through standard practice. Investigators assume that the RCT provides the reference standard treatment effect estimate and that failure to replicate RCT findings is indicative of the inadequacy of the healthcare claims data for replication for a range of possible reasons and does not provide information on the validity of the original RCT finding.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Retrospective
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Warfarin | – | Drug: WarfarinReference group |
| Rivaroxaban | – | Drug: RivaroxabanExposure group |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- This study will involve a new user, parallel group, propensity score-matched, retrospective cohort study design comparing rivaroxaban to warfarin users. The patients will be required to have continuous enrollment during a baseline period of 180 days before initiation of rivaroxaban or warfarin (index date). We will restrict the analyses to patients with a diagnosis of proximal DVT without symptomatic PE.
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Confirmed acute symptomatic proximal DVT without symptomatic PE
Key exclusion criteria (13 listed)
- Age ≤ 18
- Thrombectomy, insertion of a caval filter, or use of a fibrinolytic agent to treat the current episode of DVT or PE two weeks prior to and including day of enrollment
- Other indications for VKA than DVT and/or PE six months prior to and including day of enrollment
- Any of the following six months prior to and including day of enrollment:
- Life expectancy < 3 months in the last year prior to and including day of enrollment
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| RivaroxabanRivaroxaban dispensing claim is used as the exposure group | Drug | Rivaroxaban |
| WarfarinWarfarin dispensing claim is used as the reference group | Drug | Warfarin |
Primary outcome
Time to first occurrence of venous thromboembolism
Time frame: From 1 day after prescription fill until outcome occurrence or censoring due to end of follow-up, death, treatment discontinuation, nursing home admission, treatment augmentation, or switch to another NOAC, assessed up to 1 year.
The primary outcome is the time from 1 day after prescription fill of the exposure or comparator to the first occurrence of venous thromboembolism up to 1 year
2 secondary outcomes
Time to first occurrence of major bleeding
Time frame: From 1 day after prescription fill until outcome occurrence or censoring due to end of follow-up, death, treatment discontinuation, nursing home admission, treatment augmentation, or switch to another NOAC, assessed up to 1 year.
Time to first occurrence of fracture or fall
Time frame: From 1 day after prescription fill until outcome occurrence or censoring due to end of follow-up, death, treatment discontinuation, nursing home admission, treatment augmentation, or switch to another NOAC, assessed up to 1 year.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 10 Jul 2026.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Shirley Wang, PhD, ScM principal investigator
Brigham and Women's Hospital
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Venous Thromboembolism, run by Brigham and Women's Hospital at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 13 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 10 Jul 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Time to first occurrence of venous thromboembolism (time frame: From 1 day after prescription fill until outcome occurrence or censoring due to end of follow-up, death, treatment discontinuation, nursing home admission, treatment augmentation, or switch to another NOAC, assessed up to 1 year.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 10 Jul 2026.