Hemodialysis PatientsNCT04674930
Effects of Exercise Program on Physical Functioning of Hemodialysis Patients.
A study testing Exercise program in people with Hemodialysis Patients, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
This study is designed to provide a simple, home-based, low-moderate intensity exercise program in chronic renal disease patients who are undergoing hemodialysis in order to improve physical performance, decrease the level of fatigue and eventually increase quality of life in patients. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 30 to 65 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Hemodialysis Patients
- What is being tested?
- Exercise program
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 26 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 25 Sep 2019to 20 Jan 2021
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 30 to 65 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Patients undertaking hemodialysis sessions for last 3 months
- Hemodynamically stable patients
- Stable clinical and functional state for at least 4 weeks
- Conscious level preserved
- Stage 5, Kidney Failure (GFR <15)
Who cannot join
- Patients with acute illness or infection, recent surgery, or vascular intervention
- Hospitalized within past 4 weeks (with dialysis or non-dialysis reasons)
- Uncontrolled Hypertension
- Patients with difficulty walking, without a walking aid owing to orthopedic problems
- Patients with neurological, musculoskeletal, cardiac and pulmonary disease and physical impairment
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Effects of Home-based Exercise Program on Physical Functioning of Hemodialysis Patients.
This study is designed to provide a simple, home-based, low-moderate intensity exercise program in chronic renal disease patients who are undergoing hemodialysis in order to improve physical performance, decrease the level of fatigue and eventually increase quality of life in patients. A randomized control trial will be conducted including patients on hemodialysis, who will be randomly allocated to interventional and control groups. Both the groups will receive six weeks of treatment, 3 times per week. Data will be collected at baseline, 3rd week and 6th week. Outcome measures include assessment of physical functioning including six-minute walk test, standing balance, 4-metre gait speed, chair stand, fatigue assessment scale and quality of life in kidney disease patients on hemodialysis.
Read the detailed description
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is defined as the structural and functional abnormalities of kidney along with decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 for 3 months. It also refers to an irreversible deterioration in renal function that usually develops over a period of years it represents not only as a biochemical abnormality but, eventually, loss of the excretory, metabolic and hormonal functions of the kidney which leads to the clinical symptoms and signs of renal failure. The alarmingly high prevalence of reduced GFR in adult men and women in Pakistan is not unexpected as the prevalence of risk factors of CKD including hypertension and diabetes is one of the highest reported worldwide. The prevalence rate of CKD is found to be 70% in Pakistan. Clinical sign of raised urea and creatinine should be found during routine blood tests. An early symptom is nocturia, tiredness or breathlessness, renal anemia or fluid overload, pruritus, anorexia, weight loss, nausea, vomiting and hiccups. In very advanced (chronic stage) renal failure, respiration may be particularly deep (Kussmaul breathing), metabolic acidosis, and patients may develop muscular twitching, fits, drowsiness and coma. Chronic kidney disease can be managed by lifestyle modifications (dietary management, weight management, physical activity) are the initial components of treatment. Blockade of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system, blood pressure control, optimally managed comorbid diabetes and avoidance of nephrotoxic medications to prevent worsening renal function are also part of management. Hemodialysis is a medical procedure to remove the waste products in the form of fluid from the blood and to correct electrolyte imbalances. This is accomplished using a machine and a dialyzer, also referred to as an artificial kidney. As dialysis requires patients to be seated for extended periods of time, the risk of developing obesity, high blood pressure, decreased quality of life, musculoskeletal problems, such as low back pain and muscle tightness is higher than normal.
The physiotherapeutic exercise program during hemodialysis improves the quality of life (QOL) of chronic renal patients in physical, social, environmental and psychological. On regular basis physiotherapy intervention is to a lower frequency of edema and muscle cramps and to reduce the intensity of pain. It also influences the improvement of the respiratory function, showed by the evolution of the values maximal inspiratory pressure (IPmax), maximal expiratory pressure (EPmax) and peak expiratory flow.
Studies reported that aerobic as well as strength training proved to have favorable short and long-term effects on the physical performance and the functional balance in patients on maintenance renal hemodialysis.
All patients undertaking hemodialysis (HD) are recommended to exercise to some extent. Intra-dialytic resistance training program is also feasible and effective, causing improvement in physical functioning by improving the strength, exercise capacity and performance in physical tests. Patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis, inspiratory muscle training induces improvement in respiratory muscle strength, functional capacity, lung function and quality of life. Inspiratory muscle training can improve maximal respiratory pressures, lung function, functional capacity and quality of life in patients with chronic renal failure who are receiving hemodialysis.
- Conditions
- Hemodialysis Patients
- Being tested
- Exercise program
- Keywords
- Chronic kidney disease, Hemodialysis, Home-based exercise plan
- Medical subject headings
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Exercise programOther
Home based exercise program including aerobic and resistance training will be carried out for a period of 6 weeks. Duration of aerobic exercise will be starting at 20 min/session, and progress to 30 ruin/session, with an increased pace according to the patient's capabilities. Resistance training with thera-band for 1 set of 10 repetitions twice a week. One RM will be reassessed weekly, and the program will be adjusted accordingly.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Control group | No intervention | Pharmacological management |
| Exercise group | Experimental | Aerobic training: The target training zone was set at 40-60% of the peak heart rate, as determined in the baseline 6min walk test (6MWT), with a rating of 11-13 on the Borg rating of perceived Exertion scale.
Resistance Training: This training was prescribed at 70% of one repetition maximum (RM). Patients were instructed to train a variety of upper and lower body muscle groups (e.g., latissimus, deltoid, biceps, quadriceps, and gastrocnemius muscles), using Thera-band Receives: Other: Exercise program |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Six minute Walk test
This is a sub-maximal exercise test used to assess endurance and functional capacity. The distance covered in 6 minutes, is used as the outcome, by which we compare the changes in performance capacity. This test is performed in a gallery having a distance of 20m in length, in a straight line. In starting, the patient rests for 5 minutes in a sitting position, after 5 minutes the vitals will be assessed in resting phase. The patients are instructed about the test method, during one- minute intervals patients can ask about the time remaining during the test, prior to the end of the test. The distance walked in meters is then noted and functional capacity is estimated.
Measured: 3 and 6 weeks of intervention
Secondary outcomes (3)
Short Performance Physical Battery test (SPPB)
The SPPB examines three subcomponents of the lower extremity's function, these are standing balance, 4-metre gait speed, and chair stand these are of essential tasks for independent living among CKD patients on hemodialysis
Measured: 3 and 6 weeks
Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS)
Fatigue assessing scale can help in assessment of fatigue. The FAS is based on 10-item, which is used to evaluate symptoms of chronic fatigue. This is the self-reported questionnaire, measured by a notebook and pen, the time required to fulfill the self-assessment form is to take approximately 2 minutes
Measured: 3 and 6 weeks
Kidney Disease Quality of Life - Short form (SF 36) (KDQOL-SF 36)
The KDQOL-36 is a self-administered to assess quality of life in patients with renal diseases. It requires paper- and-pencil and takes approximately 5 minutes to be filled. It assesses quality of life with regard to different domains of health
Measured: 3 and 6 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted19 Dec 2020
- Study start25 Sep 2019
- Primary completion10 Jan 2021
- Study completion20 Jan 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (8)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Hemodialysis PatientsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Riphah International UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 26 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Suman Sheraz, PhD*, Principal investigator, Riphah International University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04674930
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- REC/00703 Nahrat Kumar
- Status last verified
- May 2021
- First submitted
- 16 Dec 2020
- Last updated
- 6 May 2021
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
National Kidney Foundation. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002 Feb;39(2 Suppl 1):S1-266. No abstract available.
PubMed 11904577Gansevoort RT, Correa-Rotter R, Hemmelgarn BR, Jafar TH, Heerspink HJ, Mann JF, Matsushita K, Wen CP. Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular risk: epidemiology, mechanisms, and prevention. Lancet. 2013 Jul 27;382(9889):339-52. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60595-4. Epub 2013 May 31.
PubMed 23727170de Medeiros AIC, Fuzari HKB, Rattesa C, Brandao DC, de Melo Marinho PE. Inspiratory muscle training improves respiratory muscle strength, functional capacity and quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review. J Physiother. 2017 Apr;63(2):76-83. doi: 10.1016/j.jphys.2017.02.016. Epub 2017 Mar 14.
PubMed 28433237Hall YN, Larive B, Painter P, Kaysen GA, Lindsay RM, Nissenson AR, Unruh ML, Rocco MV, Chertow GM; Frequent Hemodialysis Network Trial Group. Effects of six versus three times per week hemodialysis on physical performance, health, and functioning: Frequent Hemodialysis Network (FHN) randomized trials. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012 May;7(5):782-94. doi: 10.2215/CJN.10601011. Epub 2012 Mar 15.
PubMed 22422538Segura-Orti E, Kouidi E, Lison JF. Effect of resistance exercise during hemodialysis on physical function and quality of life: randomized controlled trial. Clin Nephrol. 2009 May;71(5):527-37. doi: 10.5414/cnp71527.
PubMed 19473613Davison SN, Tupala B, Wasylynuk BA, Siu V, Sinnarajah A, Triscott J. Recommendations for the Care of Patients Receiving Conservative Kidney Management: Focus on Management of CKD and Symptoms. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2019 Apr 5;14(4):626-634. doi: 10.2215/CJN.10510917. Epub 2019 Feb 28.
PubMed 30819670Neto JR, Figueiredo E Castro LM, Santos de Oliveira F, Silva AM, Maria Dos Reis L, Quirino AP, Dragosavac D, Kosour C. Comparison between two physiotherapy protocols for patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016 May;28(5):1644-50. doi: 10.1589/jpts.28.1644. Epub 2016 May 31.
PubMed 27313390Uchiyama K, Washida N, Morimoto K, Muraoka K, Kasai T, Yamaki K, Miyashita K, Wakino S, Itoh H. Home-based Aerobic Exercise and Resistance Training in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sci Rep. 2019 Feb 22;9(1):2632. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39074-9.
PubMed 30796338
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 6 May 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Home-based Exercise Program on Physical Functioning of Hemodialysis Patients.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04674930
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- REC/00703 Nahrat Kumar
- Conditions
- Hemodialysis Patients
- Keywords
- Chronic kidney disease, Hemodialysis, Home-based exercise plan
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 26 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 25 Sep 2019 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 10 Jan 2021 (actual)
- Study completion
- 20 Jan 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 19 Dec 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study is designed to provide a simple, home-based, low-moderate intensity exercise program in chronic renal disease patients who are undergoing hemodialysis in order to improve physical performance, decrease the level of fatigue and eventually increase quality of life in patients. A randomized control trial will be conducted including patients on hemodialysis, who will be randomly allocated to interventional and control groups. Both the groups will receive six weeks of treatment, 3 times per week. Data will be collected at baseline, 3rd week and 6th week. Outcome measures include assessment of physical functioning including six-minute walk test, standing balance, 4-metre gait speed, chair stand, fatigue assessment scale and quality of life in kidney disease patients on hemodialysis.
Detailed description
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is defined as the structural and functional abnormalities of kidney along with decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 for 3 months. It also refers to an irreversible deterioration in renal function that usually develops over a period of years it represents not only as a biochemical abnormality but, eventually, loss of the excretory, metabolic and hormonal functions of the kidney which leads to the clinical symptoms and signs of renal failure. The alarmingly high prevalence of reduced GFR in adult men and women in Pakistan is not unexpected as the prevalence of risk factors of CKD including hypertension and diabetes is one of the highest reported worldwide. The prevalence rate of CKD is found to be 70% in Pakistan. Clinical sign of raised urea and creatinine should be found during routine blood tests. An early symptom is nocturia, tiredness or breathlessness, renal anemia or fluid overload, pruritus, anorexia, weight loss, nausea, vomiting and hiccups. In very advanced (chronic stage) renal failure, respiration may be particularly deep (Kussmaul breathing), metabolic acidosis, and patients may develop muscular twitching, fits, drowsiness and coma. Chronic kidney disease can be managed by lifestyle modifications (dietary management, weight management, physical activity) are the initial components of treatment. Blockade of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system, blood pressure control, optimally managed comorbid diabetes and avoidance of nephrotoxic medications to prevent worsening renal function are also part of management. Hemodialysis is a medical procedure to remove the waste products in the form of fluid from the blood and to correct electrolyte imbalances. This is accomplished using a machine and a dialyzer, also referred to as an artificial kidney. As dialysis requires patients to be seated for extended periods of time, the risk of developing obesity, high blood pressure, decreased quality of life, musculoskeletal problems, such as low back pain and muscle tightness is higher than normal.
The physiotherapeutic exercise program during hemodialysis improves the quality of life (QOL) of chronic renal patients in physical, social, environmental and psychological. On regular basis physiotherapy intervention is to a lower frequency of edema and muscle cramps and to reduce the intensity of pain. It also influences the improvement of the respiratory function, showed by the evolution of the values maximal inspiratory pressure (IPmax), maximal expiratory pressure (EPmax) and peak expiratory flow.
Studies reported that aerobic as well as strength training proved to have favorable short and long-term effects on the physical performance and the functional balance in patients on maintenance renal hemodialysis.
All patients undertaking hemodialysis (HD) are recommended to exercise to some extent. Intra-dialytic resistance training program is also feasible and effective, causing improvement in physical functioning by improving the strength, exercise capacity and performance in physical tests. Patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis, inspiratory muscle training induces improvement in respiratory muscle strength, functional capacity, lung function and quality of life. Inspiratory muscle training can improve maximal respiratory pressures, lung function, functional capacity and quality of life in patients with chronic renal failure who are receiving hemodialysis.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Control group | No intervention | –Pharmacological management |
| Exercise group | Experimental | Other: Exercise programAerobic training: The target training zone was set at 40-60% of the peak heart rate, as determined in the baseline 6min walk test (6MWT), with a rating of 11-13 on the Borg rating of perceived Exertion scale. Resistance Training: This training was prescribed at 70% of one repetition maximum (RM). Patients were instructed to train a variety of upper and lower body muscle groups (e.g., latissimus, deltoid, biceps, quadriceps, and gastrocnemius muscles), using Thera-band |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 30 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Patients undertaking hemodialysis sessions for last 3 months
- Hemodynamically stable patients
- Stable clinical and functional state for at least 4 weeks
- Conscious level preserved
- Stage 5, Kidney Failure (GFR <15)
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Patients with acute illness or infection, recent surgery, or vascular intervention
- Hospitalized within past 4 weeks (with dialysis or non-dialysis reasons)
- Uncontrolled Hypertension
- Patients with difficulty walking, without a walking aid owing to orthopedic problems
- Patients with neurological, musculoskeletal, cardiac and pulmonary disease and physical impairment
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Exercise programHome based exercise program including aerobic and resistance training will be carried out for a period of 6 weeks. Duration of aerobic exercise will be starting at 20 min/session, and progress to 30 ruin/session, with an increased pace according to the patient's capabilities. Resistance training with thera-band for 1 set of 10 repetitions twice a week. One RM will be reassessed weekly, and the program will be adjusted accordingly. | Other | Exercise group |
Primary outcome
Change in Six minute Walk test
Time frame: 3 and 6 weeks of intervention
This is a sub-maximal exercise test used to assess endurance and functional capacity. The distance covered in 6 minutes, is used as the outcome, by which we compare the changes in performance capacity. This test is performed in a gallery having a distance of 20m in length, in a straight line. In starting, the patient rests for 5 minutes in a sitting position, after 5 minutes the vitals will be assessed in resting phase. The patients are instructed about the test method, during one- minute intervals patients can ask about the time remaining during the test, prior to the end of the test. The distance walked in meters is then noted and functional capacity is estimated.
3 secondary outcomes
Short Performance Physical Battery test (SPPB)
Time frame: 3 and 6 weeks
Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS)
Time frame: 3 and 6 weeks
Kidney Disease Quality of Life - Short form (SF 36) (KDQOL-SF 36)
Time frame: 3 and 6 weeks
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 6 May 2021.
- Background: PubMed 11904577National Kidney Foundation. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002 Feb;39(2 Suppl 1):S1-266. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 23727170Gansevoort RT, Correa-Rotter R, Hemmelgarn BR, Jafar TH, Heerspink HJ, Mann JF, Matsushita K, Wen CP. Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular risk: epidemiology, mechanisms, and prevention. Lancet. 2013 Jul 27;382(9889):339-52. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60595-4. Epub 2013 May 31.
- Background: PubMed 28433237de Medeiros AIC, Fuzari HKB, Rattesa C, Brandao DC, de Melo Marinho PE. Inspiratory muscle training improves respiratory muscle strength, functional capacity and quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review. J Physiother. 2017 Apr;63(2):76-83. doi: 10.1016/j.jphys.2017.02.016. Epub 2017 Mar 14.
- Background: PubMed 22422538Hall YN, Larive B, Painter P, Kaysen GA, Lindsay RM, Nissenson AR, Unruh ML, Rocco MV, Chertow GM; Frequent Hemodialysis Network Trial Group. Effects of six versus three times per week hemodialysis on physical performance, health, and functioning: Frequent Hemodialysis Network (FHN) randomized trials. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012 May;7(5):782-94. doi: 10.2215/CJN.10601011. Epub 2012 Mar 15.
- Background: PubMed 19473613Segura-Orti E, Kouidi E, Lison JF. Effect of resistance exercise during hemodialysis on physical function and quality of life: randomized controlled trial. Clin Nephrol. 2009 May;71(5):527-37. doi: 10.5414/cnp71527.
- Background: PubMed 30819670Davison SN, Tupala B, Wasylynuk BA, Siu V, Sinnarajah A, Triscott J. Recommendations for the Care of Patients Receiving Conservative Kidney Management: Focus on Management of CKD and Symptoms. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2019 Apr 5;14(4):626-634. doi: 10.2215/CJN.10510917. Epub 2019 Feb 28.
- Background: PubMed 27313390Neto JR, Figueiredo E Castro LM, Santos de Oliveira F, Silva AM, Maria Dos Reis L, Quirino AP, Dragosavac D, Kosour C. Comparison between two physiotherapy protocols for patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016 May;28(5):1644-50. doi: 10.1589/jpts.28.1644. Epub 2016 May 31.
- Background: PubMed 30796338Uchiyama K, Washida N, Morimoto K, Muraoka K, Kasai T, Yamaki K, Miyashita K, Wakino S, Itoh H. Home-based Aerobic Exercise and Resistance Training in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sci Rep. 2019 Feb 22;9(1):2632. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39074-9.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Suman Sheraz, PhD* principal investigator
Riphah International University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Exercise program in people with Hemodialysis Patients, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 6 May 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Six minute Walk test (time frame: 3 and 6 weeks of intervention). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04674930, which also lists 8 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 6 May 2021.