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Panic DisorderNCT04659577

Attitudes of Professionals and the General Public in Israel Regarding ICBT

A study testing ICBT for panic and depression in people with Panic Disorder and Depression, run by Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

This study examines uptake and attrition for internet based treatments for panic disorder and depression in Israel The primary benefits of this work will be a) in providing better understanding of ICBT for panic disorder and depression outcomes. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 to 75 years
Conditions the study is for
Panic Disorder, Depression
What is being tested?
ICBT for panic and depression
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
130 participants
Where
No sites listed yet
Study dates
1 Nov 2016to 31 Jan 2022
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 to 75 years
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Principal DSM-5 diagnosis of panic disorder or depression
  • aged 18 years or older;
  • if on medications for panic or depression, the dosage has to remain constant for 2 months prior to the start of treatment and cannot be increased during treatment;
  • the participant must have access to the internet and be willing to use it -

Who cannot join

  • substance abuse or dependence within the last 6 months;
  • active suicide potential within the last 6 months;
  • any current or history of psychosis or bipolar I disorder
  • currently in weekly or biweekly psychotherapy
  • history of a complete course of panic or depression focused CBT

About this study

Official title: Attitudes of Professionals and the General Public in Israel Regarding Therapist Guided Internet Cognitive Behavioral Therapies (ICBT) to Treat Anxiety and Depression

This study examines uptake and attrition for internet based treatments for panic disorder and depression in Israel The primary benefits of this work will be a) in providing better understanding of ICBT for panic disorder and depression outcomes. Both panic and depression are heavy public health burdens, associated with a significant market potential for both therapeutic and diagnostic uses. b) In providing compatible scale to measure the working alliance during internet-based treatment.

Read the detailed description

The current study examines ICBT for panic and depression in Israel. Compelling evidence regarding the efficacy of ICBT has been reported for the treatment of depression and various anxiety disorders (Mayo-Wilson \& Montgomery; 2013). This the first study to examine ICBT for panic and depression in Israel. The primary focus will be on treatment outcomes (symptom reduction and improved functioning), attrition, and acceptability and comparing outcomes to previous studies of face to face and internet treatments, including on the main proposed mechanism of change; interpretation of bodily sensations via the BBSIQ. The efficacy of ICBT has been established in many studies, but is insufficient for implementation without adaptation to local cultural needs and language. We will also examine changes in healthcare utilization and costs according to the results.

For the full programs of the current study see: https://www.iterapi.se/sites/icbt_israel and https://www.iterapi.se/sites/depression_israel/

The limited role of the therapist in ICBT is mainly to allow greater scaling. a second goal of the current study is to fill this gap by examining different aspects of the alliance with treatment outcomes and attrition using a newly developed self-report measure, the Internet Patient Experiences and Attunement Responsiveness (I-PEAR). We propose that the I-PEAR and its subscales (I-PEAR program; hereafter I-PEARp, I-PEAR therapist; hereafter I-PEARt; and Therapist-rated I-PEAR; hereafter thI-PEAR) will explain more variance of the outcome and dropouts than traditional scales (i.e., WAI-6, WAI-T). In the current study we examined the relationship between the alliance measures to treatment outcomes and attrition. Alll secondary measures will be examined in terms of change and how their change is related to change in symptoms (PDSS, ASI, MI in panic, PHQ, HAM-D in depression). These analyses include changes in attachment, insight, and emotions. Research is limited about the role of insight in panic disorder, therefore another secondary aim of this study is to examine the role of clinical (i.e., SAIQ and SAI) and cognitive insight (i.e., BCIS and BABS) in panic disorder, if they change and their relationship to symptom severity (i.e., PDSS, ASI, MI), symptom change, and correlates (e.g., cognitive flexibility, metacognition, jumping to conclusions, and implicit theories). Secondary studies will examine changes in self-criticism, emotion preferences and goals, sexual functioning, and curiosity and their relationship to outcomes.

Being tested
ICBT for panic and depression
Medical subject headings
Panic Disorder, Depression

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • ICBT for panic and depressionBehavioural

    Also called Internet Cognitive behavioral therapy for panic and depressive disorder.

    The most known type of CBT for treating PD consists of two major strategies: cognitive restructuring, and interoceptive and structured exposure to bodily sensations that have become associated with panic attacks. As for depression, the most known type of CBT for treating depression consists of two major strategies: cognitive restructuring, the relationship between thoughts and feelings, behavioural activation, sleep hygiene and relaxation. Each ICBT program includes six modules, containing psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring exposures, acceptance, and consolidation of gains and relapse prevention. The online modules include reading passages, worksheets, videos, and homework assignments. After completing each module participants practice related skills and complete homework assignments. The treatment is up to 16 weeks long; participants are encouraged to complete the treatment within this time period, and reminders are sent to monitor their progress

Study groups in NCT04659577
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
internet based CBTExperimentalall patients will be offered active treatment via internet based CBT
Receives: Behavioral: ICBT for panic and depression

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Change in Panic Disorder Severity Scale: Independent Evaluator Version (for panic disorder)

    measure of a severity of panic disorder assessed by an independent evaluator. Only administered to panic patients. It is comprised of 7 items that are scored from 0-4, with a total scale score ranging from 0-28. Higher scores mean more severe panic disorder symptoms.

    Measured: Weekly during treatment from pre treatment to post treatment, up to 6 months apart

  2. Change in Panic Disorder Severity Scale: Independent Evaluator Version (for panic disorder)

    measure of a severity of panic disorder assessed by an independent evaluator. Only administered to panic patients. It is comprised of 7 items that are scored from 0-4, with a total scale score ranging from 0-28. Higher scores mean more severe panic disorder symptoms.

    Measured: Baseline and 1 year follow-up

  3. Change in Hamilton Depression Scale- 17 item adjusted version

    Independent evaluator measure of depression severity, higher score is more severe symptoms. total score is sum of the items, ranging from 0-52

    Measured: Baseline and post treatment, up to 6 months apart

  4. Change in Hamilton Depression Scale- 17 item adjusted version

    Independent evaluator measure of depression severity, higher score is more severe symptoms.total score is sum of the items, ranging from 0-52

    Measured: Baseline and 1 year follow-up

Secondary outcomes (50)
  1. Change in Panic disorder severity scale - self report version

    a self-report measure of panic disorder severity. Only administered to panic patients. It consists of 7 items that are scored from 0-4, with a total scale score ranging from 0-28. Higher scores mean more severe panic disorder symptoms.

    Measured: Baseline and 1 year followup

  2. Change in Panic disorder severity scale - self report version

    a self-report measure of panic disorder severity. Only administered to panic patients. It consists of 7 items that are scored from 0-4, with a total scale score ranging from 0-28. Higher scores mean more severe panic disorder symptoms.

    Measured: weekly during treatment from pre treatment to post treatment, up to 6 months apart

  3. Change in Physicians Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)

    A self report measure of depression- depression sample only, higher score is more severe symptoms, total scores are sums of items, ranging from 0-27.

    Measured: Weekly during treatment from pre treatment to post treatment, up to 6 months apart

  4. Change in Physicians Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)

    A self report measure of depression- depression sample only, higher score is more severe symptoms.total scores are sums of items, ranging from 0-27.

    Measured: Baseline and 1 year followup

  5. Change in Internet Patient's Experience of Attunement and Responsiveness scale (I-PEAR)

    This is an alliance scale in internet based treatment related the program and the therapist, it has been used as average between 1-5, higher score is better alliance,

    Measured: Baseline and after each module during treatment from pre treatment to post treatment

  6. Change in Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI)

    The ASI-3 is an 18-item self-report measure that measures beliefs regarding panic related bodily sensations. It will be used as a total score, which ranges from 0-72. Higher scores mean more severe anxiety sensitivity.

    Measured: Baseline and 1 year follow-up

  7. Change in Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI)

    The ASI-3 is an 18-item self-report measure that measures beliefs regarding panic related bodily sensations. It will be used as a total score, which ranges from 0-72. Higher scores mean more severe anxiety sensitivity.

    Measured: Weekly change during treatment from pre treatment to post treatment, up to 6 months apart

  8. Change in Mobility Inventory (MI)

    The Mobility Inventory is a self report measure of agoraphobic avoidance in which patients are asked to rate how much they avoid 26 situations on a 1-5 scale twice, once when alone and a second time when accompanied. The average score of all times will be used, which will range from 1-5. Higher total score means higher avoidance of situations. Only administered to panic patients.

    Measured: Baseline and 1 year follow-up

  9. Change in Mobility Inventory (MI)

    The Mobility Inventory is a self report measure of agoraphobic avoidance in which patients are asked to rate how much they avoid 26 situations on a 1-5 scale twice, once when alone and a second time when accompanied. The average score of all times will be used, which will range from 1-5. Higher total score means higher avoidance of situations. Only administered to panic patients.

    Measured: Weekly change during treatment from pre treatment to post treatment, up to 6 months apart

  10. Change in Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21)

    A self-report measure of depression, anxiety and stress, with each subscale ranging from 0-28. for depression sample only

    Measured: After each module during treatment from pre treatment to post treatment, up to 6 months apart

  11. Change in Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21)

    A self-report measure of depression, anxiety and stress, with each subscale ranging from 0-28. for depression sample only

    Measured: Baseline and 1 year follow-up

  12. Change in Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale (BABS)

    this is an independent evaluator measure of insight. Consists of 7 items that are rated on a scale 0-4. Higher score is worse insight, only administered to panic patients

    Measured: Baseline and post treatment, up to 6 months apart

  13. Change in Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale (BABS)

    this is an independent evaluator measure of insight. Consists of 7 items that are rated on a scale 0-4. Higher score is worse insight, only administered to panic patients

    Measured: Baseline and 1 year follow-up

  14. Change in Scale for the Assessment of Insight (SAI)

    this is an independent evaluator measure of clinical insight. Consists of 4 items that are rated on a scale 0-2. Higher score is better insight, only administered to panic patients

    Measured: Baseline and post treatment, up to 6 months apart

  15. Change in Scale for the Assessment of Insight (SAI)

    this is an independent evaluator measure of clinical insight. Consists of 4 items that are rated on a scale 0-2. Higher score is better insight, only administered to panic patients

    Measured: Baseline and 1 year follow-up

  16. Change in The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)

    This is a self-report questionnaire that assesses sleep quality over a 1-month time interval. The measure consists of 19 individual items, creating 7 components that produce one global score, The global PSQI score is then calculated by totaling the seven component scores, providing an overall score ranging from 0 to 21, higher score is worse sleep, adminstered only to the depression sample

    Measured: Baseline and post treatment, up to 6 months apart

  17. Change in The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)

    This is a self-report questionnaire that assesses sleep quality over a 1-month time interval. The measure consists of 19 individual items, creating 7 components that produce one global score, The global PSQI score is then calculated by totaling the seven component scores, providing an overall score ranging from 0 to 21, higher score is worse sleep, adminstered only to the depression sample

    Measured: Baseline and 1 year follow-up

  18. Change in The Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS)

    this a self-report measure of disability due to an illness or health problem in work/school, social life/leisure activities, and family life/home. It includes 3 items that are rated on a scale 0-10. Higher score indicates worse disability and impairment.

    Measured: Baseline and post treatment, up to 6 months apart

  19. Change in The Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS)

    this a self-report measure of disability due to an illness or health problem in work/school, social life/leisure activities, and family life/home. It includes 3 items that are rated on a scale 0-10. Higher score indicates worse disability and impairment.

    Measured: Baseline and 1 year follow-up

  20. Change in Self-Appraisal of Illness Questionnaire (SAIQ)

    this is a self-report measure that assess clinical insight, administered only to the panic sample. It consists of 17 items that are rates on a scale 0-3. Higher scores means worse clinical insight.

    Measured: Baseline and post treatment, up to 6 months apart

  21. Change in Self-Appraisal of Illness Questionnaire (SAIQ)

    this is a self-report measure that assess clinical insight, administered only to the panic sample. It consists of 17 items that are rates on a scale 0-3. Higher scores means worse clinical insight.

    Measured: Baseline and 1 year follow-up

  22. Change in Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS)

    this is a self-reported measure that assess cognitive insight, administered only to the panic sample. It consists of 15 items that are rates on a scale 0-3. Higher score means better cognitive insight.

    Measured: Baseline and 1 year follow-up

  23. Change in Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS)

    this is a self-reported measure that assess cognitive insight, administered only to the panic sample. It consists of 15 items that are rates on a scale 0-3. Higher score means better cognitive insight.

    Measured: After each module during treatment from pre treatment to post treatment, up to 6 months apart

  24. Change in Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI)

    this is a self-reported measure that assess aspects of cognitive flexibility, administered only to the panic sample. It consists of 20 items that are rated on a scale 1-7. Higher score means greater cognitive flexibility.

    Measured: Baseline and post treatment, up to 6 months apart

  25. Change in Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI)

    this is a self-reported measure that assess aspects of cognitive flexibility, administered only to the panic sample. It consists of 20 items that are rated on a scale 1-7. Higher score means greater cognitive flexibility.

    Measured: Baseline and 1 year follow-up

  26. Change in Metacognition Questionnaire - 30 item version (MCQ-30)

    is a self-reported measure that assess metacognition, administered only to the panic sample. The MCQ consists of 30 items that are rated on a scale 1-4. Higher score indicated higher level of unhelpful metacognitions.

    Measured: Baseline and post treatment, up to 6 months apart

  27. Change in Metacognition Questionnaire - 30 item version (MCQ-30)

    is a self-reported measure that assess metacognition, administered only to the panic sample. The MCQ consists of 30 items that are rated on a scale 1-4. Higher score indicated higher level of unhelpful metacognitions.

    Measured: Baseline and 1 year follow-up

  28. Change in Beck Depression Inventory -21 (BDI-21)

    This is a self-report measure that assess depression, 21 items, administered only to depression sample, score ranges 0-63, higher is more severe.

    Measured: Baseline and post treatment, up to 6 months apart

  29. Change in Beck Depression Inventory -21 (BDI-21)

    This is a self-report measure that assess depression, 21 items, administered only to depression sample, score ranges 0-63, higher is more severe.

    Measured: Baseline and 1 year follow-up

  30. Change in Implicit Theories of Emotion (TOE)

    Thisis a self-reported scale to measure beliefs about the fixed versus malleable nature of anxiety, administered only to the panic sample. The TOE consists of 4 items that are rates on a scale 1-5. Higher score indicates that the individual views anxiety as being relatively malleable and controllable.

    Measured: Baseline and 1 year follow-up

  31. Change in Implicit Theories of Emotion (TOE)

    This is a self-reported scale to measure beliefs about the fixed versus malleable nature of anxiety, administered only to the panic sample. The TOE consists of 4 items that are rates on a scale 1-5. Higher score indicates that the individual views anxiety as being relatively malleable and controllable.

    Measured: After each module during treatment from pre treatment to post treatment, up to 6 months apart

  32. Change in Implicit Theories of Thoughts (TOT)

    This is a self-reported scale measure beliefs about the nature of thoughts, administered only to the panic sample.The TOT consists of 4 items that are rates on a scale 1-5. Higher score indicates that the individual views thoughts as being relatively malleable and controllable.

    Measured: Baseline and 1 year follow-up

  33. Change in Implicit Theories of Thoughts (TOT)

    This is a self-reported scale measure beliefs about the nature of thoughts, administered only to the panic sample.The TOT consists of 4 items that are rates on a scale 1-5. Higher score indicates that the individual views thoughts as being relatively malleable and controllable.

    Measured: After each module during treatment from pre treatment to post treatment, up to 6 months apart

  34. Change in Brief Body Sensations Interpretations Questionnaire (BBSIQ)

    This is a self-reported scale to measure body sensations interpretations, administered only to the panic sample. The BBSIQ includes 14 items, higher score means more negative explanation of body sensations.

    Measured: Baseline and post treatment, up to 6 months apart

  35. Change in Brief Body Sensations Interpretations Questionnaire (BBSIQ)

    This is a self-reported scale to measure body sensations interpretations, administered only to the panic sample. The BBSIQ includes 14 items, higher score means more negative explanation of body sensations.

    Measured: Baseline and 1 year follow-up

  36. Change in Five-Dimensional Curiosity Scale (5DC)

    The DCS-5 is a self-report measure that measures 5 dimensions of curiosity via 25 items which are rated on a 1-7 scale. The total score of all 25 (ranging from 25-175) items and 5 subscales (each ranging from 5-35) will be used for this study. Higher scores reflect higher curiosity. Administered only to the panic sample.

    Measured: Baseline and post treatment, up to 6 months apart

  37. Change in Five-Dimensional Curiosity Scale (5DC)

    The DCS-5 is a self-report measure that measures 5 dimensions of curiosity via 25 items which are rated on a 1-7 scale. The total score of all 25 (ranging from 25-175) items and 5 subscales (each ranging from 5-35) will be used for this study. Higher scores reflect higher curiosity. Administered only to the panic sample.

    Measured: Baseline and 1 year follow-up

  38. Change in The five-level EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L)

    This is a self-reported measure of health related quality of life. It consists of five dimensions (Mobility, Self-care, Usual activities, Pain \& discomfort, Anxiety \& depression). Higher score means worse functioning in these dimensions.

    Measured: Baseline and post treatment, up to 6 months apart

  39. Change in The five-level EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L)

    This is a self-reported measure of health related quality of life. It consists of five dimensions (Mobility, Self-care, Usual activities, Pain \& discomfort, Anxiety \& depression). Higher score means worse functioning in these dimensions.

    Measured: Baseline and 1 year follow-up

  40. Change in Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS)

    This is a self-reported measure of functional impairment. It includes 5 items that are rated on a scale 0-8. Measured as total score ranging 0-40. Higher score means worse functional impairment.

    Measured: Baseline and post treatment, up to 6 months apart

  41. Change in Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS)

    This is a self-reported measure of functional impairment. It includes 5 items that are rated on a scale 0-8. Measured as total score ranging 0-40. Higher score means worse functional impairment.

    Measured: Baseline and 1 year follow-up

  42. Change in Working Alliance Inventory (WAI-6)

    This is a self-reported measure of therapeutic alliance, total score is average of the items, ranging from 1-7

    Measured: Baseline and post treatment, up to 6 months apart

  43. Change in The Experiences in Close Relationship Scale (ECR-S)

    The ECR-s is a brief self report instrument that measures both anxious and avoidance adult attachment styles. The two scales each contain 6 items rated on a 1-7 scale that are averages for each subscale, ranging from 1-7. Higher score indicates an insecure adult attachment orientation.

    Measured: Baseline and post treatment, up to 6 months apart

  44. Change in The Experiences in Close Relationship Scale (ECR-S)

    The ECR-s is a brief self report instrument that measures both anxious and avoidance adult attachment styles. The two scales each contain 6 items rated on a 1-7 scale that are averages for each subscale, ranging from 1-7. Higher score indicates an insecure adult attachment orientation.

    Measured: Baseline and 1 year follow-up

  45. Change in The Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire (ACQ)

    This is a self-reported scale to measure agoraphobia cognitions, administered only to the panic sample. It consists of 15 items that are rates on a scale 1-5. Higher score indicates worse dysfunctional cognitions in relation to potential catastrophic consequences arising from panic or anxiety.

    Measured: Baseline and post treatment, up to 6 months apart

  46. Change in The Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire (ACQ)

    This is a self-reported scale to measure agoraphobia cognitions, administered only to the panic sample. It consists of 15 items that are rates on a scale 1-5. Higher score indicates worse dysfunctional cognitions in relation to potential catastrophic consequences arising from panic or anxiety.

    Measured: Baseline and 1 year follow-up

  47. Change in Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ6)

    This is a self-reported measure of social support. The SSQ6 includes 6 items. The overall support score is calculated by taking an average scores across the 27 items. Higher score indicates more optimism about life, higher prevalence of negative life events and illness.Scoring is as follows:

    1. Add the total number of people for all 27 items (questions). (Max. is 243). Divide by 27 for average item score.
    2. Add the total satisfaction scores for all 27 items (questions). (Max is 162). Divide by 27 for average item score. This gives you SSQ Satisfaction score or SSQS.
    3. Finally, you can average the above for the total number of people that are family members - this results in the SSQ family score. Participants indicate the number of people available to provide support in each of 6 areas and then rate the overall level of satisfaction with the supp

    Measured: Baseline and post treatment, up to 6 months apart

  48. Change in Acceptability Scale for internet Therapy (ASIT)

    This is a self-reported measure of acceptance and readiness to receive internet treatment, It consists of 19 items that are rates on a scale 1-5, total sum is ranges 1- 95, Higher score indicates more acceptability.

    Measured: Baseline and post treatment, up to 6 months apart

  49. Change in Acceptability Scale for internet Therapy (ASIT)

    This is a self-reported measure of acceptance and readiness to receive internet treatment, It consists of 19 items that are rates on a scale 1-5, total sum is ranges 1- 95, Higher score indicates more acceptability.

    Measured: Baseline and 1 year follow-up

  50. Change in Emotional Goals Questionnaire.

    This is a self-reported measure of emotional goals. is a self-reported measure of emotional goals. The measure assesses emotional preferences ro feel unpleasant emotions of (eg., depression, anxiety, etc) and beliefs about the fixed versus malleable nature of anxiety. Higher score indicates higher ability and willingness to feel unpleasant emotions and that the individual views anxiety as being relatively malleable and controllable.

    Measured: Baseline and post treatment, up to 6 months apart

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted9 Dec 2020
  2. Study start1 Nov 2016
  3. Primary completion31 Aug 2021
  4. Study completion31 Jan 2022

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Model description
All eligible people are enrolled to internet-based CBT for panic disorder or depression
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
130 participants (estimated)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT04659577
Sponsor's protocol ID
NIHRP 181-15
Status last verified
Jul 2022
First submitted
23 May 2020
Last updated
2 Aug 2022
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing ICBT for panic and depression in people with Panic Disorder and Depression, run by Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 2 Aug 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Change in Panic Disorder Severity Scale: Independent Evaluator Version (for panic disorder) (time frame: Weekly during treatment from pre treatment to post treatment, up to 6 months apart). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 2 Aug 2022.

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