Oxidative StressNCT04628117
Effect of Oral Nutritional Supplementation on Oxidative Stress in Protein-energy Wasting Patients With Peritoneal Dialysis
A study testing Oral nutritional supplementation for kidney disease in people with Oxidative Stress and Protein-Energy Wasting, run by Hospital Civil Juan I. Menchaca.
Trial summary
End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) represents a serious public health problem in Mexico. Data from the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) have reported that the region of Jalisco (Mexico) is one of the places with the highest incidence rate of treated ESKD and use of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 60 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Oxidative Stress, Protein-Energy Wasting, Malnutrition
- What is being tested?
- Oral nutritional supplementation for kidney disease
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 22 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- 4 Oct 2021to 11 Mar 2023
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 60 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Diagnosis of protein-energy wasting evaluated by 7-point Subjective Global Assessment (moderate/severe), and Malnutrition-inflammation Score (a score ≥ 6).
- Male and female patients
- Age ≥ 18 and <60 years
- Receive continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis with at least 3 months of initiation of renal replacement therapy
- Patients without clinical or biochemical evidence of any infectious process (peritonitis, urosepsis, endocarditis, soft tissue infection, pneumonia, etc) or inflammatory systemic disease (systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis, connective tissue disease)
- Written informed consent
Who cannot join
- Supplementation with exogenous antioxidants 2 months prior
- Smoking less than 1 year
- Intermittent peritoneal dialysis or automated peritoneal dialysis
- PD catheter dysfunction
- Known allergy or intolerance to oral nutritional supplement for renal disease
About this study
Official title: Assess Effect of Oral Nutritional Supplementation on Oxidative Stress Levels in Protein-energy Wasting Patients With Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) represents a serious public health problem in Mexico. Data from the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) have reported that the region of Jalisco (Mexico) is one of the places with the highest incidence rate of treated ESKD and use of peritoneal dialysis (PD). In patients with ESKD, oxidative stress (OS) has been recognized as a potential source of morbidity and mortality, since it is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and other complications of ESRD. This can induce damage to DNA (nucleic acid), proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.
Another common complication in ESKD patients receiving PD is protein-energy wasting (PEW), which is characterized by the decline in the body stores of protein and energy fuels (that is, body protein and fat masses) due to the multiple nutritional and catabolic alterations that occur in this condition. Diverse factors can affect the nutritional and metabolic status of patients with PD, for which they require interventions to reverse protein and energy depletion. Nutritional counseling can be a useful tool in PD patients in order to improve compliance with nutritional recommendations. The strategies more used for PEW include oral nutritional supplementation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is assess the effect of oral nutritional supplementation on OS in PEW patients with PD.
Read the detailed description
The detection of patients is carried out in the Nephrology Service of the Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Dr. Juan I. Menchaca where the selection and exclusion criteria are evaluated.
The probabilistic group assignment is carried out using a sealed and opaque envelope.
Control group: only nutritional counselling for 8 weeks. Intervention group: nutritional counselling plus 237 mls per day of oral nutritional supplement for kidney disease.
Initial evaluation includes, anthropometric parameters and dietary intake. Demographic characteristics and OS levels, such as oxidants, antioxidants and oxidative DNA damage.
All nutritional counselling, dietary intake, medical nutrition theraphy (oral nutritional supplementation), assessment of OS levels, and anthropometric parameters will perform at 0, 4 and 8 weeks of follow up. Protein-energy wasting assessment only in the 0 and 8 weeks.
- Conditions
- Oxidative Stress, Protein-Energy Wasting, Malnutrition, Protein-Energy Malnutrition, Oral Nutritional Supplements, Peritoneal Dialysis
- Being tested
- Oral nutritional supplementation for kidney disease
- Medical subject headings
- Malnutrition, Protein-Energy Malnutrition
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Oral nutritional supplementation for kidney diseaseDietary supplement
237 mls per day for 8 weeks.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Control | No intervention | Nutritional counselling by individualized nutritional plan for 8 weeks. |
| Oral nutritional supplementation | Experimental | Nutritional counselling by individualized nutritional plan plus oral nutritional supplementation for renal disease (237 mls per day) for 8 weeks. Receives: Dietary Supplement: Oral nutritional supplementation for kidney disease |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in oxidative stress levels, oxidants (products of Lipoperoxidation, 8-IP, NO), antioxidants (SOD, catalase, GPx, TAC), and oxidative DNA damage (8-OHdG, hOGG1).
As measured by the of OS markers, 10 mL of blood samples will be taken prior to nutritional evaluation, 5 mL with 0.1% of ethylenediaminetetraacetic (EDTA) tube and other 5 mL in dry tube. The blood will be centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 10 min at room temperature; supernatants were stored in aliquots at -80°C until its final processing.
Measured: 8 weeks
Secondary outcomes (1)
Change protein-energy wasting and dietary intake
Description: As measured by 7-point Subjective Global Assesment (SGA), SGA of 1-2 for severe PEW, 3-5 for mild-moderate protein energy wasting will be considered as presence of protein-energy wasting and malnutrition inflammation score (MIS) a score ≥ 6 will be considered as the presence of protein-energy wasting.
Measured: 8 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted13 Nov 2020
- Study start4 Oct 2021 (estimated)
- Primary completion28 May 2022 (estimated)
- Study completion11 Mar 2023 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (12)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Oxidative StressStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Randomized clinical trial with two-parallel-group in stable continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 22 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Hospital Civil Juan I. Menchaca
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Francisco Gerardo Yanowsky Escatell, Hospital Civil Juan I. Menchaca
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04628117
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- HospitalCJIM
- Status last verified
- Nov 2020
- First submitted
- 28 Oct 2020
- Last updated
- 13 Nov 2020
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Publications
Sung CC, Hsu YC, Chen CC, Lin YF, Wu CC. Oxidative stress and nucleic acid oxidation in patients with chronic kidney disease. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2013;2013:301982. doi: 10.1155/2013/301982. Epub 2013 Aug 24.
PubMed 24058721Liakopoulos V, Roumeliotis S, Gorny X, Eleftheriadis T, Mertens PR. Oxidative Stress in Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis: A Current Review of the Literature. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017 Dec 27;2017:3494867. doi: 10.1155/2017/3494867. eCollection 2017.
PubMed 29750088Roumeliotis S, Eleftheriadis T, Liakopoulos V. Is oxidative stress an issue in peritoneal dialysis? Semin Dial. 2019 Sep;32(5):463-466. doi: 10.1111/sdi.12818. Epub 2019 May 1.
PubMed 31044475Kochlik B, Grune T, Weber D. New findings of oxidative stress biomarkers in nutritional research. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2017 Sep;20(5):349-359. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000388.
PubMed 28562491Domenici FA, Vannucchi MT, Jordao AA Jr, Meirelles MS, Vannucchi H. DNA oxidative damage in patients with dialysis treatment. Ren Fail. 2005;27(6):689-94. doi: 10.1080/08860220500242678.
PubMed 16350819Fouque D, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kopple J, Cano N, Chauveau P, Cuppari L, Franch H, Guarnieri G, Ikizler TA, Kaysen G, Lindholm B, Massy Z, Mitch W, Pineda E, Stenvinkel P, Trevino-Becerra A, Wanner C. A proposed nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for protein-energy wasting in acute and chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2008 Feb;73(4):391-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002585. Epub 2007 Dec 19.
PubMed 18094682Carrero JJ, Stenvinkel P, Cuppari L, Ikizler TA, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kaysen G, Mitch WE, Price SR, Wanner C, Wang AY, ter Wee P, Franch HA. Etiology of the protein-energy wasting syndrome in chronic kidney disease: a consensus statement from the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM). J Ren Nutr. 2013 Mar;23(2):77-90. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2013.01.001.
PubMed 23428357Ikizler TA, Cano NJ, Franch H, Fouque D, Himmelfarb J, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kuhlmann MK, Stenvinkel P, TerWee P, Teta D, Wang AY, Wanner C; International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism. Prevention and treatment of protein energy wasting in chronic kidney disease patients: a consensus statement by the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism. Kidney Int. 2013 Dec;84(6):1096-107. doi: 10.1038/ki.2013.147. Epub 2013 May 22.
PubMed 23698226Mah JY, Choy SW, Roberts MA, Desai AM, Corken M, Gwini SM, McMahon LP. Oral protein-based supplements versus placebo or no treatment for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 May 11;5(5):CD012616. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012616.pub2.
PubMed 32390133Prasad N, Gupta A, Sinha A, Sharma RK, Kumar A, Kumar R. Changes in nutritional status on follow-up of an incident cohort of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. J Ren Nutr. 2008 Mar;18(2):195-201. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2007.08.002.
PubMed 18267212Martin-Del-Campo F, Gonzalez-Espinoza L, Rojas-Campos E, Ruiz N, Gonzalez J, Pazarin L, Cueto-Manzano AM. Conventional nutritional counselling maintains nutritional status of patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in spite of systemic inflammation and decrease of residual renal function. Nephrology (Carlton). 2009 Aug;14(5):493-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2008.01081.x.
PubMed 19674317Ikizler TA, Burrowes JD, Byham-Gray LD, Campbell KL, Carrero JJ, Chan W, Fouque D, Friedman AN, Ghaddar S, Goldstein-Fuchs DJ, Kaysen GA, Kopple JD, Teta D, Yee-Moon Wang A, Cuppari L. KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Nutrition in CKD: 2020 Update. Am J Kidney Dis. 2020 Sep;76(3 Suppl 1):S1-S107. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.05.006.
PubMed 32829751
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 13 Nov 2020. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Assess Effect of Oral Nutritional Supplementation on Oxidative Stress Levels in Protein-energy Wasting Patients With Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04628117
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- HospitalCJIM
- Conditions
- Oxidative Stress, Protein-Energy Wasting, Malnutrition, Protein-Energy Malnutrition, Oral Nutritional Supplements, Peritoneal Dialysis
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 22 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Hospital Civil Juan I. MenchacaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 4 Oct 2021 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 28 May 2022 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 11 Mar 2023 (estimated)
- First posted
- 13 Nov 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) represents a serious public health problem in Mexico. Data from the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) have reported that the region of Jalisco (Mexico) is one of the places with the highest incidence rate of treated ESKD and use of peritoneal dialysis (PD). In patients with ESKD, oxidative stress (OS) has been recognized as a potential source of morbidity and mortality, since it is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and other complications of ESRD. This can induce damage to DNA (nucleic acid), proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.
Another common complication in ESKD patients receiving PD is protein-energy wasting (PEW), which is characterized by the decline in the body stores of protein and energy fuels (that is, body protein and fat masses) due to the multiple nutritional and catabolic alterations that occur in this condition. Diverse factors can affect the nutritional and metabolic status of patients with PD, for which they require interventions to reverse protein and energy depletion. Nutritional counseling can be a useful tool in PD patients in order to improve compliance with nutritional recommendations. The strategies more used for PEW include oral nutritional supplementation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is assess the effect of oral nutritional supplementation on OS in PEW patients with PD.
Detailed description
The detection of patients is carried out in the Nephrology Service of the Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Dr. Juan I. Menchaca where the selection and exclusion criteria are evaluated.
The probabilistic group assignment is carried out using a sealed and opaque envelope.
Control group: only nutritional counselling for 8 weeks. Intervention group: nutritional counselling plus 237 mls per day of oral nutritional supplement for kidney disease.
Initial evaluation includes, anthropometric parameters and dietary intake. Demographic characteristics and OS levels, such as oxidants, antioxidants and oxidative DNA damage.
All nutritional counselling, dietary intake, medical nutrition theraphy (oral nutritional supplementation), assessment of OS levels, and anthropometric parameters will perform at 0, 4 and 8 weeks of follow up. Protein-energy wasting assessment only in the 0 and 8 weeks.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Randomized clinical trial with two-parallel-group in stable continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Control | No intervention | –Nutritional counselling by individualized nutritional plan for 8 weeks. |
| Oral nutritional supplementation | Experimental | Dietary Supplement: Oral nutritional supplementation for kidney diseaseNutritional counselling by individualized nutritional plan plus oral nutritional supplementation for renal disease (237 mls per day) for 8 weeks. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 60 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Diagnosis of protein-energy wasting evaluated by 7-point Subjective Global Assessment (moderate/severe), and Malnutrition-inflammation Score (a score ≥ 6).
- Male and female patients
- Age ≥ 18 and <60 years
- Receive continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis with at least 3 months of initiation of renal replacement therapy
- Patients without clinical or biochemical evidence of any infectious process (peritonitis, urosepsis, endocarditis, soft tissue infection, pneumonia, etc) or inflammatory systemic disease (systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis, connective tissue disease)
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Supplementation with exogenous antioxidants 2 months prior
- Smoking less than 1 year
- Intermittent peritoneal dialysis or automated peritoneal dialysis
- PD catheter dysfunction
- Known allergy or intolerance to oral nutritional supplement for renal disease
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Oral nutritional supplementation for kidney disease237 mls per day for 8 weeks. | Dietary supplement | Oral nutritional supplementation |
Primary outcome
Change in oxidative stress levels, oxidants (products of Lipoperoxidation, 8-IP, NO), antioxidants (SOD, catalase, GPx, TAC), and oxidative DNA damage (8-OHdG, hOGG1).
Time frame: 8 weeks
As measured by the of OS markers, 10 mL of blood samples will be taken prior to nutritional evaluation, 5 mL with 0.1% of ethylenediaminetetraacetic (EDTA) tube and other 5 mL in dry tube. The blood will be centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 10 min at room temperature; supernatants were stored in aliquots at -80°C until its final processing.
1 secondary outcome
Change protein-energy wasting and dietary intake
Time frame: 8 weeks
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 13 Nov 2020.
- Background: PubMed 24058721Sung CC, Hsu YC, Chen CC, Lin YF, Wu CC. Oxidative stress and nucleic acid oxidation in patients with chronic kidney disease. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2013;2013:301982. doi: 10.1155/2013/301982. Epub 2013 Aug 24.
- Background: PubMed 29750088Liakopoulos V, Roumeliotis S, Gorny X, Eleftheriadis T, Mertens PR. Oxidative Stress in Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis: A Current Review of the Literature. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017 Dec 27;2017:3494867. doi: 10.1155/2017/3494867. eCollection 2017.
- Background: PubMed 31044475Roumeliotis S, Eleftheriadis T, Liakopoulos V. Is oxidative stress an issue in peritoneal dialysis? Semin Dial. 2019 Sep;32(5):463-466. doi: 10.1111/sdi.12818. Epub 2019 May 1.
- Background: PubMed 28562491Kochlik B, Grune T, Weber D. New findings of oxidative stress biomarkers in nutritional research. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2017 Sep;20(5):349-359. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000388.
- Background: PubMed 16350819Domenici FA, Vannucchi MT, Jordao AA Jr, Meirelles MS, Vannucchi H. DNA oxidative damage in patients with dialysis treatment. Ren Fail. 2005;27(6):689-94. doi: 10.1080/08860220500242678.
- Background: PubMed 18094682Fouque D, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kopple J, Cano N, Chauveau P, Cuppari L, Franch H, Guarnieri G, Ikizler TA, Kaysen G, Lindholm B, Massy Z, Mitch W, Pineda E, Stenvinkel P, Trevino-Becerra A, Wanner C. A proposed nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for protein-energy wasting in acute and chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2008 Feb;73(4):391-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002585. Epub 2007 Dec 19.
- Background: PubMed 23428357Carrero JJ, Stenvinkel P, Cuppari L, Ikizler TA, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kaysen G, Mitch WE, Price SR, Wanner C, Wang AY, ter Wee P, Franch HA. Etiology of the protein-energy wasting syndrome in chronic kidney disease: a consensus statement from the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM). J Ren Nutr. 2013 Mar;23(2):77-90. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2013.01.001.
- Background: PubMed 23698226Ikizler TA, Cano NJ, Franch H, Fouque D, Himmelfarb J, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kuhlmann MK, Stenvinkel P, TerWee P, Teta D, Wang AY, Wanner C; International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism. Prevention and treatment of protein energy wasting in chronic kidney disease patients: a consensus statement by the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism. Kidney Int. 2013 Dec;84(6):1096-107. doi: 10.1038/ki.2013.147. Epub 2013 May 22.
- Background: PubMed 32390133Mah JY, Choy SW, Roberts MA, Desai AM, Corken M, Gwini SM, McMahon LP. Oral protein-based supplements versus placebo or no treatment for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 May 11;5(5):CD012616. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012616.pub2.
- Background: PubMed 18267212Prasad N, Gupta A, Sinha A, Sharma RK, Kumar A, Kumar R. Changes in nutritional status on follow-up of an incident cohort of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. J Ren Nutr. 2008 Mar;18(2):195-201. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2007.08.002.
- Background: PubMed 19674317Martin-Del-Campo F, Gonzalez-Espinoza L, Rojas-Campos E, Ruiz N, Gonzalez J, Pazarin L, Cueto-Manzano AM. Conventional nutritional counselling maintains nutritional status of patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in spite of systemic inflammation and decrease of residual renal function. Nephrology (Carlton). 2009 Aug;14(5):493-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2008.01081.x.
- Background: PubMed 32829751Ikizler TA, Burrowes JD, Byham-Gray LD, Campbell KL, Carrero JJ, Chan W, Fouque D, Friedman AN, Ghaddar S, Goldstein-Fuchs DJ, Kaysen GA, Kopple JD, Teta D, Yee-Moon Wang A, Cuppari L. KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Nutrition in CKD: 2020 Update. Am J Kidney Dis. 2020 Sep;76(3 Suppl 1):S1-S107. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.05.006.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Oral nutritional supplementation for kidney disease in people with Oxidative Stress and Protein-Energy Wasting, run by Hospital Civil Juan I. Menchaca.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 13 Nov 2020. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in oxidative stress levels, oxidants (products of Lipoperoxidation, 8-IP, NO), antioxidants (SOD, catalase, GPx, TAC), and oxidative DNA damage (8-OHdG, hOGG1). (time frame: 8 weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04628117, which also lists 12 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 13 Nov 2020.