Effect of Use of DryNites Absorbent Pants on the Rate of Spontaneous Resolution of Paediatric Nocturnal Enuresis (NE)

The PinQ will be used to assess the child's QoL. The PinQ is a validated cross-cultural continence-specific paediatric QoL questionnaire to assess children with bladder dysfunction, developed by Bower el al (Bower et al. 2006). It is available as self-rated and proxy versions.

This will be completed by the child themselves in the older participant group and will be completed by the parent/carer on behalf of the child in the younger participant group.

The PinQ measures the emotional impact that urinary incontinence has on a child. It consists of 20 urinary incontinence QoL related questions divided in 2 dimensions: intrinsic (14 items) and extrinsic (6 items), which are graded on a scale of 0 to 4 (0=No, 1=Hardly ever,2=Sometimes, 3=Often, 4=All the time) with a score range of 0 to 80.

The total score indicates the impact urinary incontinence has on the child's QoL with the higher scores indicating a more significant effect.

The WHOQoL-BREF questionnaire (WHO 1996) will be completed directly by the parent/carer. . The WHOQoL-BREF questionnaire is derived from a larger instrument, the WHOQoL-100. It includes 26 items, grouped in 4 domains: Physical Heath, Psychological, Social Relationships, and Environment, and 2 separate items asking the crespondent about overall perception of QoL (item 1) and an individual's overall perception of their health (item 2). The scores of items 3, 4 and 5, which are negatively phrased, need to be reversed. The mean score of items within each domain is used to calculate the domain scores, which are converted into a 0-100 scale. Higher scores denote higher QoL. Where more than 20% of data is missing from an assessment, the assessment should be discarded. Where an item is missing, the mean of other items in the domain is substituted. Where more than 2 items are missing from the domain, the domain score should not be calculated

The Paeditric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) questionnaire measures daytime sleepiness in children. It is comprised of 8 items assessing daytime sleepiness and rated on a 5-point scale with 0 = Never and 4 = Always/Very Often. The scale ranges from 0 to 32. The questionnaire will be completed by the child themselves (with attendance of an adult) in the older participant group and by the parent/carer on behalf of the child in the younger participant group. Higher scores indicate greater daytime sleepiness. Higher scores indicate greater daytime sleepiness, and were associated with reduced total sleep time, poorer school achievement, poorer anger control, and frequent illness.

The CIS questionnaire was used to assess the parents' sleep. It was completed directly by the parent/carer. The CIS consists of 20 statements on fatigue-related problems responders might have experienced in the past 2 weeks. A Likert scoring scheme from 1 to 7 ranging from 1-"no, that is not true" to 7-"yes, that is true" with items 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 15 and 20 hold inverted scores. The total score ranges from 20 to 140. The questionnaire covers measures 4 dimensions of fatigue: Subjective fatigue severity (8 items), Concentration problems (5 items), Reduced motivation (4 items) and Physical activity (3 items). Dimensions can be analyzed separately, with higher scores indicating higher levels of subjective fatigue (8-56), reduced concentration (5-35), reduced motivation (4-28), and lower levels of physical activity (3-21). A total score over 76 is considered at risk of a fatigue disorder, while 36 provides the cutoff score on the subjective experience of fatigue sub-scale