Opioid OverdoseNCT04589676
Developing and Testing the Opioid Rapid Response System
A study testing Naloxone training in people with Opioid Overdose, run by Real Prevention, LLC at 2 sites in United States.
Trial summary
This Phase I SBIR will develop and demonstrate the usability/feasibility of the Opioid Rapid Response System (OSSR) in order to reduce deaths and strain on emergency response systems from opioid overdoses. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Opioid Overdose
- What is being tested?
- Naloxone training
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 400 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesUnited States
- Study dates
- 1 Dec 2020to 31 Dec 2021
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Overtly healthy citizen volunteers, aged 18 and over, living in Boone and Hancock Counties of Indiana.
- Able to understand/complete questionnaires, recruitment messages, and training procedures in English.
Who cannot join
- Those who have a Boone or Hancock County residential address, but temporarily live in another county or State, so are unable to attend training if assigned to face-to-face naloxone training.
- Those who participate in other research studies which require activities that interfere with the measurements of the current study.
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 1 country.
United States2 sites
Indiana University
Bloomington, Indiana, 47404
REAL Prevention LLC
Clifton, New Jersey, 07013
About this study
This Phase I SBIR will develop and demonstrate the usability/feasibility of the Opioid Rapid Response System (OSSR) in order to reduce deaths and strain on emergency response systems from opioid overdoses.
Read the detailed description
Opioid overdoses exact a tremendous cost in lives and expenditures due to incredible strain on emergency response systems. Naloxone has been developed to counteract overdoses. However, the nature of these events requires a rapid response, a situation that challenges emergency responders in both lightly populated rural areas as well as densely populated urban communities. PulsePoint has developed an app with the potential to obviate both concerns by linking responders to events through the 911 system. PulsePoint is already in place in 4,000 communities throughout the U.S. However, the app cannot accomplish these goals without being used by a large number of citizen responders who are both able to administer life-saving Naloxone and confident in their ability to do so. This project is designed to develop innovative and effective techniques for filling this gap. We build off of the Clark County Pilot Project conducted by members of our team that developed preliminary recruitment and training protocols for enabling citizen responders to utilize the PulsePoint App. Using communication theory, a technology-based recruitment protocol will be built around appeals to individuals (personal identity appeals) and others (communal appeals). Recruitment messages will be disseminated through diverse media channels, including social media, posters, radio announcement, and work-of-mouth. Social Cognitive Theory will be used to develop both online and face-to-face training to enable users to use the PulsePoint App, safely respond to calls, and administer Naloxone. An unblinded, two-arm, parallel group cluster-randomized trial with non-random cluster sampling will be conducted in two Indiana counties to establish the usability and feasibility of ORRS and its recruitment and training components. We anticipate recruiting and training 400 citizen responders. Pretest and posttest surveys will evaluate the training and as well as recruitment exposure through the various channels. County-level data on the number of events to which participant responded as well as lives saved also will be used to evaluate the intervention. A quasi-experimental design will compare the two recruitment strategies and the two training modalities. Project findings will be used to design and more extensive, two statewide evaluation studies (Indiana and Washington) that examine outcomes in numbers of lives saves as well as conducted a cost effectiveness analyses. The project has great promise for rapid and wide dissemination through the PulsePoint network of communities and has the potential to develop a model for community responses to similar public health events (e.g., coronavirus, stroke, heart failure).
- Conditions
- Opioid Overdose
- Being tested
- Naloxone training
- Keywords
- Naloxone
- Medical subject headings
- Opiate Overdose
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Naloxone trainingBehavioural
The naloxone training will teach participants about how to appropriately use naloxone in the event of an opioid overdose.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Personal recruitment | Active comparator | Participants in this training condition will receive recruitment messages that appeal to their personal sense of identity (e.g., you could be a hero if you get trained with naloxone). Receives: Behavioral: Naloxone training |
| Online training | Experimental | Participants in this training condition will receive recruitment messages that appeal to their communal sense of identity (e.g., your family and friends will thank you for getting trained with naloxone). Receives: Behavioral: Naloxone training |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Scale to measure perceptions of training program
Self report survey scale to measure perceptions of training using agree-disagree scale that yields a composite score of rating that the training is worth the investment of their time and they would recommend it to others in their community.
Measured: 3 months
Secondary outcomes (3)
Scales to measure knowledge gained from training
Self report on 10, multiple choice items to measure the knowledge about opioids and other information taught during training content. Scores reflect the amount of learning from training.
Measured: 3 months
Scale to measure perceptions of efficacy in delivering naloxone.
Self report scales will measure response efficacy (i.e., administering Naloxone is effective) and self efficacy (i.e., they can administer Naloxone) using agree-disagree scales. Each subscale will consist of at least 3 items and be modified from existing efficacy scales used in drug prevention research.
Measured: 3 months
Scale to measure exposure to recruitment campaign
Will be adapted from the evaluation of the ONCDP's substance use prevention campaigns to measure if participants recall receiving messages and the channel that they received it in. Response items will include "definitely seen", "might have seen" and "definitely not seen"
Measured: 3 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted19 Oct 2020
- Study start1 Dec 2020
- Primary completion31 Dec 2021
- Study completion31 Dec 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (14)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Opioid OverdoseStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- An unblinded, two-arm, parallel group cluster-randomized trial with non-random cluster sampling will be conducted in two Indiana counties to establish the usability and feasibility of ORRS and its recruitment and training components.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 400 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Real Prevention, LLC
- Sponsor type
- Industry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Collaborators
- Indiana University
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Michael Hecht, Real Prevention, LLC
- Investigators
- Michael Hecht, PhD, Principal investigator, REAL Prevention
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04589676
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 1R41DA053078-01
- Status last verified
- Jan 2022
- First submitted
- 12 Oct 2020
- Last updated
- 7 Feb 2022
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Confidential data cannot be shared.
Publications
Boslett AJ, Denham A, Hill EL. Using contributing causes of death improves prediction of opioid involvement in unclassified drug overdoses in US death records. Addiction. 2020 Jul;115(7):1308-1317. doi: 10.1111/add.14943. Epub 2020 Feb 27.
PubMed 32106355Dowell D, Haegerich TM, Chou R. CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain--United States, 2016. JAMA. 2016 Apr 19;315(15):1624-45. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.1464.
PubMed 26977696Joudrey PJ, Edelman EJ, Wang EA. Drive Times to Opioid Treatment Programs in Urban and Rural Counties in 5 US States. JAMA. 2019 Oct 1;322(13):1310-1312. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.12562.
PubMed 31573628Cosby AG, McDoom-Echebiri MM, James W, Khandekar H, Brown W, Hanna HL. Growth and Persistence of Place-Based Mortality in the United States: The Rural Mortality Penalty. Am J Public Health. 2019 Jan;109(1):155-162. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2018.304787. Epub 2018 Nov 29.
PubMed 30496008Compton WM, Jones CM, Baldwin GT. Relationship between Nonmedical Prescription-Opioid Use and Heroin Use. N Engl J Med. 2016 Jan 14;374(2):154-63. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1508490. No abstract available.
PubMed 26760086Chen Q, Larochelle MR, Weaver DT, Lietz AP, Mueller PP, Mercaldo S, Wakeman SE, Freedberg KA, Raphel TJ, Knudsen AB, Pandharipande PV, Chhatwal J. Prevention of Prescription Opioid Misuse and Projected Overdose Deaths in the United States. JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Feb 1;2(2):e187621. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.7621.
PubMed 30707224Flood-Grady E, Clark VC, Bauer A, Morelli L, Horne P, Krieger JL, Nelson DR. Evaluating the Efficacy of a Registry linked to a Consent to Re-Contact Program and Communication Strategies for Recruiting and Enrolling Participants into Clinical Trials. Contemp Clin Trials Commun. 2017 Dec;8:62-66. doi: 10.1016/j.conctc.2017.08.005. Epub 2017 Aug 24.
PubMed 29503877Lewis CR, Vo HT, Fishman M. Intranasal naloxone and related strategies for opioid overdose intervention by nonmedical personnel: a review. Subst Abuse Rehabil. 2017 Oct 11;8:79-95. doi: 10.2147/SAR.S101700. eCollection 2017.
PubMed 29066940Krieger JL, Palmer-Wackerly A, Dailey PM, Krok-Schoen JL, Schoenberg NE, Paskett ED. Comprehension of Randomization and Uncertainty in Cancer Clinical Trials Decision Making Among Rural, Appalachian Patients. J Cancer Educ. 2015 Dec;30(4):743-8. doi: 10.1007/s13187-015-0789-0.
PubMed 25608719Ray AE, Greene K, Hecht ML, Barriage SC, Miller-Day M, Glenn SD, Banerjee SC. An E-Learning Adaptation of an Evidence-Based Media Literacy Curriculum to Prevent Youth Substance Use in Community Groups: Development and Feasibility of REAL Media. JMIR Form Res. 2019 May 9;3(2):e12132. doi: 10.2196/12132.
PubMed 31094328Hecht ML, Marsiglia FF, Elek E, Wagstaff DA, Kulis S, Dustman P, Miller-Day M. Culturally grounded substance use prevention: an evaluation of the keepin' it R.E.A.L. curriculum. Prev Sci. 2003 Dec;4(4):233-48. doi: 10.1023/a:1026016131401.
PubMed 14598996Choi HJ, Krieger JL, Hecht ML. Reconceptualizing efficacy in substance use prevention research: refusal response efficacy and drug resistance self-efficacy in adolescent substance use. Health Commun. 2013;28(1):40-52. doi: 10.1080/10410236.2012.720245.
PubMed 23330857Hecht ML, Jayawardene W, Henderson C, Pezalla A, Flood-Grady E, Krieger JL, Frederick A, Parker M, Ables E. Developing the Opioid Rapid Response System for Lay Citizen Response to the Opioid Overdose Crisis: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Prev Sci. 2023 Oct;24(7):1386-1397. doi: 10.1007/s11121-023-01588-0. Epub 2023 Sep 22.
PubMed 37737966Jayawardene W, Pezalla A, Henderson C, Hecht M. Development of opioid rapid response system: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials. 2022 Apr;115:106727. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2022.106727. Epub 2022 Mar 13.
PubMed 35296414
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 7 Feb 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Developing and Testing the Opioid Rapid Response System
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04589676
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 1R41DA053078-01
- Conditions
- Opioid Overdose
- Keywords
- Naloxone
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 400 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Real Prevention, LLCIndustry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Collaborators
- Indiana University
- Study start
- 1 Dec 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Dec 2021 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Dec 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 19 Oct 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This Phase I SBIR will develop and demonstrate the usability/feasibility of the Opioid Rapid Response System (OSSR) in order to reduce deaths and strain on emergency response systems from opioid overdoses.
Detailed description
Opioid overdoses exact a tremendous cost in lives and expenditures due to incredible strain on emergency response systems. Naloxone has been developed to counteract overdoses. However, the nature of these events requires a rapid response, a situation that challenges emergency responders in both lightly populated rural areas as well as densely populated urban communities. PulsePoint has developed an app with the potential to obviate both concerns by linking responders to events through the 911 system. PulsePoint is already in place in 4,000 communities throughout the U.S. However, the app cannot accomplish these goals without being used by a large number of citizen responders who are both able to administer life-saving Naloxone and confident in their ability to do so. This project is designed to develop innovative and effective techniques for filling this gap. We build off of the Clark County Pilot Project conducted by members of our team that developed preliminary recruitment and training protocols for enabling citizen responders to utilize the PulsePoint App. Using communication theory, a technology-based recruitment protocol will be built around appeals to individuals (personal identity appeals) and others (communal appeals). Recruitment messages will be disseminated through diverse media channels, including social media, posters, radio announcement, and work-of-mouth. Social Cognitive Theory will be used to develop both online and face-to-face training to enable users to use the PulsePoint App, safely respond to calls, and administer Naloxone. An unblinded, two-arm, parallel group cluster-randomized trial with non-random cluster sampling will be conducted in two Indiana counties to establish the usability and feasibility of ORRS and its recruitment and training components. We anticipate recruiting and training 400 citizen responders. Pretest and posttest surveys will evaluate the training and as well as recruitment exposure through the various channels. County-level data on the number of events to which participant responded as well as lives saved also will be used to evaluate the intervention. A quasi-experimental design will compare the two recruitment strategies and the two training modalities. Project findings will be used to design and more extensive, two statewide evaluation studies (Indiana and Washington) that examine outcomes in numbers of lives saves as well as conducted a cost effectiveness analyses. The project has great promise for rapid and wide dissemination through the PulsePoint network of communities and has the potential to develop a model for community responses to similar public health events (e.g., coronavirus, stroke, heart failure).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- An unblinded, two-arm, parallel group cluster-randomized trial with non-random cluster sampling will be conducted in two Indiana counties to establish the usability and feasibility of ORRS and its recruitment and training components.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Personal recruitment | Active comparator | Behavioral: Naloxone trainingParticipants in this training condition will receive recruitment messages that appeal to their personal sense of identity (e.g., you could be a hero if you get trained with naloxone). |
| Online training | Experimental | Behavioral: Naloxone trainingParticipants in this training condition will receive recruitment messages that appeal to their communal sense of identity (e.g., your family and friends will thank you for getting trained with naloxone). |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Overtly healthy citizen volunteers, aged 18 and over, living in Boone and Hancock Counties of Indiana.
- Able to understand/complete questionnaires, recruitment messages, and training procedures in English.
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Those who have a Boone or Hancock County residential address, but temporarily live in another county or State, so are unable to attend training if assigned to face-to-face naloxone training.
- Those who participate in other research studies which require activities that interfere with the measurements of the current study.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Naloxone trainingThe naloxone training will teach participants about how to appropriately use naloxone in the event of an opioid overdose. | Behavioural | Online training, Personal recruitment |
Primary outcome
Scale to measure perceptions of training program
Time frame: 3 months
Self report survey scale to measure perceptions of training using agree-disagree scale that yields a composite score of rating that the training is worth the investment of their time and they would recommend it to others in their community.
3 secondary outcomes
Scales to measure knowledge gained from training
Time frame: 3 months
Scale to measure perceptions of efficacy in delivering naloxone.
Time frame: 3 months
Scale to measure exposure to recruitment campaign
Time frame: 3 months
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 7 Feb 2022.
- Background: PubMed 32106355Boslett AJ, Denham A, Hill EL. Using contributing causes of death improves prediction of opioid involvement in unclassified drug overdoses in US death records. Addiction. 2020 Jul;115(7):1308-1317. doi: 10.1111/add.14943. Epub 2020 Feb 27.
- Background: PubMed 26977696Dowell D, Haegerich TM, Chou R. CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain--United States, 2016. JAMA. 2016 Apr 19;315(15):1624-45. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.1464.
- Background: PubMed 31573628Joudrey PJ, Edelman EJ, Wang EA. Drive Times to Opioid Treatment Programs in Urban and Rural Counties in 5 US States. JAMA. 2019 Oct 1;322(13):1310-1312. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.12562.
- Background: PubMed 30496008Cosby AG, McDoom-Echebiri MM, James W, Khandekar H, Brown W, Hanna HL. Growth and Persistence of Place-Based Mortality in the United States: The Rural Mortality Penalty. Am J Public Health. 2019 Jan;109(1):155-162. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2018.304787. Epub 2018 Nov 29.
- Background: PubMed 26760086Compton WM, Jones CM, Baldwin GT. Relationship between Nonmedical Prescription-Opioid Use and Heroin Use. N Engl J Med. 2016 Jan 14;374(2):154-63. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1508490. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 30707224Chen Q, Larochelle MR, Weaver DT, Lietz AP, Mueller PP, Mercaldo S, Wakeman SE, Freedberg KA, Raphel TJ, Knudsen AB, Pandharipande PV, Chhatwal J. Prevention of Prescription Opioid Misuse and Projected Overdose Deaths in the United States. JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Feb 1;2(2):e187621. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.7621.
- Background: PubMed 29503877Flood-Grady E, Clark VC, Bauer A, Morelli L, Horne P, Krieger JL, Nelson DR. Evaluating the Efficacy of a Registry linked to a Consent to Re-Contact Program and Communication Strategies for Recruiting and Enrolling Participants into Clinical Trials. Contemp Clin Trials Commun. 2017 Dec;8:62-66. doi: 10.1016/j.conctc.2017.08.005. Epub 2017 Aug 24.
- Background: PubMed 29066940Lewis CR, Vo HT, Fishman M. Intranasal naloxone and related strategies for opioid overdose intervention by nonmedical personnel: a review. Subst Abuse Rehabil. 2017 Oct 11;8:79-95. doi: 10.2147/SAR.S101700. eCollection 2017.
- Background: PubMed 25608719Krieger JL, Palmer-Wackerly A, Dailey PM, Krok-Schoen JL, Schoenberg NE, Paskett ED. Comprehension of Randomization and Uncertainty in Cancer Clinical Trials Decision Making Among Rural, Appalachian Patients. J Cancer Educ. 2015 Dec;30(4):743-8. doi: 10.1007/s13187-015-0789-0.
- Background: PubMed 31094328Ray AE, Greene K, Hecht ML, Barriage SC, Miller-Day M, Glenn SD, Banerjee SC. An E-Learning Adaptation of an Evidence-Based Media Literacy Curriculum to Prevent Youth Substance Use in Community Groups: Development and Feasibility of REAL Media. JMIR Form Res. 2019 May 9;3(2):e12132. doi: 10.2196/12132.
- Background: PubMed 14598996Hecht ML, Marsiglia FF, Elek E, Wagstaff DA, Kulis S, Dustman P, Miller-Day M. Culturally grounded substance use prevention: an evaluation of the keepin' it R.E.A.L. curriculum. Prev Sci. 2003 Dec;4(4):233-48. doi: 10.1023/a:1026016131401.
- Background: PubMed 23330857Choi HJ, Krieger JL, Hecht ML. Reconceptualizing efficacy in substance use prevention research: refusal response efficacy and drug resistance self-efficacy in adolescent substance use. Health Commun. 2013;28(1):40-52. doi: 10.1080/10410236.2012.720245.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Confidential data cannot be shared.
Related trials for Opioid Overdose
Enrolling by invitation
PATH to Reducing Burnout Among Peers Who Deliver Overdose Prevention Services (R33 Phase Clinical Trial)
Burnout, Secondary Trauma
Active, not recruiting
Improving Access to Naloxone to Prevent Opioid Overdose Deaths (SAIA-Naloxone)
Overdose, Implementation as Usual
Recruiting
Improving Jail Response to the Overdose Crisis: A Hybrid Trial of Jail ECHO to Improve MOUD Implementation and Public Health Outcomes
Opioid Abuse (Disorder)
Not yet recruiting
Remote vs. In-Person Study Evaluation (RISE) Trials: RISE Above Opioid Overdose (Trial 3 of 3)
Remote vs. In-Person, Remote Visits
Recruiting
The ENHANCE Project Toolkit
Substance Related Disorder, Drug Overdose
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Michael Hecht, PhD principal investigator
REAL Prevention
2 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Naloxone training in people with Opioid Overdose, run by Real Prevention, LLC at 2 sites in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 7 Feb 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Scale to measure perceptions of training program (time frame: 3 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04589676, which also lists 14 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 7 Feb 2022.