Suicidal IdeationIAT-SNCT04585802
Expansion and Reevaluation of the Implicit Association Test in Suicide Ideators and Suicide Attempters
An observational study of Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempt, run by University of Bern at 1 site in Switzerland.
Trial summary
A new approach to investigate suicidal processes belongs to the broader neurocognitive picture and are so-called implicit associations. In dual process models of information processing a second functioning mode, the automatic processing mode, complements the conscious processing. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Attempt
- How many people
- 447 participants
- Where
- 1 siteSwitzerland
- Study dates
- 27 May 2020to 26 Nov 2024
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- All sexes
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: Patients from the University Hospital of Psychiatry
Who may be able to join
- Age 18-65 years
- Ability and willingness to participate in the study
- Ability to give consent
Who cannot join
- Foreign language
- Diagnostic criteria: Psychoses, strong cognitive impairments (e.g. dementia)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Switzerland1 site
University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern
Bern, 3008
About this study
A new approach to investigate suicidal processes belongs to the broader neurocognitive picture and are so-called implicit associations. In dual process models of information processing a second functioning mode, the automatic processing mode, complements the conscious processing. Suicidal persons tend to have a stronger implicit association with "death" than non-suicidal persons. In this study, implicit associations between different unconscious cognitive constructs are compared among suicidal and non-suicidal patients. Therefore, an adapted version of the computer-based reaction time task (IAT-S) will be used.
Four different versions of IATs are tested in this study. In the first version the implicit association between "self / others" and "death / life" is assessed (1). The second and third version measures the emotional evaluation of "death" (2) and "life" (3). In addition, in the fourth version the implicit association between death / life and internal / external locus of control is assessed (4).
Read more
The implicit associations of these four IAT-S versions are compared between three groups: patients with suicidal behavior, patients with suicidal ideation, and a clinical group without previous suicide attempts and without suicidal ideation.
The following hypotheses are made: in all four versions of the IAT-S, patients with previous suicidal behavior will have stronger implicit associations: between "self" and "death" as well as "death" and "internal locus of control" compared to all other groups. With a more "positive" evaluation of "death" and a more "negative" evaluation of "life" than all other participants.
Read the detailed description
In this study, four versions of the suicide-specific implicit association tests (IAT-S) are carried out. Previous studies have shown that suicidal persons have stronger associations between the constructs "self" and "death". Furthermore, the strength of these implicit associations increases the risk of suicidal behavior in the follow-up period of six months by a factor of six. In these previous studies, the implicit "self-death association" (the so-called death-identity bias) was investigated. This study will additionally examine an implicit emotional evaluation (death-evaluation-bias). Therefore, two new versions of the IAT-S, which measure how death vs. life are emotionally evaluated, are being tested. In addition, a fourth version of the IAT-S was added and aims to clarify the implicit association between death / life and internal / external locus of control. Previous studies have shown that an internal locus of control is a protective factor and an external locus of control a risk factor for suicide attempts. In the present study, these four IAT-S versions are carried out with different groups of patients: patients with a suicide attempt (1), patients with suicide ideation (2) and patients with neither a suicide attempt nor suicide ideation (3). This cross sectional design allows us to test for group differences in regard to unconscious implicit associations. Hypothesis are described separately for each version of the IAT-S.
Death association: patients in group 1 will have a higher implicit association between self and death than patients in group 2 and that patients in group 2 have a significantly higher implicit association between self and death than patients in group 3.
Death evaluation: patients in group 1 will have more "positive" evaluations of "death" than patients in group 2 and patients in group 2 have a more "positive" evaluations of death than patients in group 3.
Locus of control: patients in group 1 will have a stronger association between internal locus of control and death (a) and external locus of control and life (b) than patients in group 2, and that patients in group 2 have a significantly stronger association between internal locus of control and death (a) and external locus of control and life (b) than patients in group 3.
- Conditions
- Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Attempt
- Keywords
- Implicit Association Test
- Medical subject headings
- Suicidal Ideation, Suicide, Attempted
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Suicide Attempters (1) | patients with a suicide attempt | |
| Suicide Ideators (2) | patients with suicidal ideation | |
| Clinical Control Group (3) | patients without suicide attempt and without suicide ideation | |
| Healthy Control Group (4) | persons without suicide attempt and without suicide ideation, who do not have a psychiatric disorder |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Implicit Association Test (IAT)
The German version of the Suicide Implicit Association Test (Rath et al., 2018) is administered using a computer paradigm and is designed to measure implicit associations with death using D-values. D is an individual effect size assessment that reflects the comparative difficulty of performing the two response conditions of the IAT, with a value of 0 indicating that the tasks had equivalent performance (Greenwald et al., 2003). D has a theoretical minimum of -2 and maximum of +2 when blocks of the same size are compared (Nosek \& Sriram, 2007). The more positive the D-values, the stronger the association between the "self" and "death" than between the "self" and "life".
Measured: One assessment at baseline after study information and informed consent was given
Secondary outcomes (7)
Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire - Revised
The Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire measures suicidal behavior in the past and consists of four items. Item scores range from 3 to 18 with higher scores indicating more suicidal behavior (Osman et al., 2001).
Measured: One assessment at baseline after study information and informed consent was given
Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS)
The Beck-Scale for Suicide Ideation measures suicidal thinking and consists of 21 items. Item scores range from 0 to 42 with higher scores indicating more suicidal ideation (Beck \& Steer, 1993; Kliem \& Brähler, 2016).
Measured: One assessment at baseline after study information and informed consent was given
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II)
The Beck Depression Inventory measures the severity of depression and consists of 21 items. Item scores range from 0 to 63 with higher scores indicating a higher intensity of depression (Beck, Steer \& Brown, 1996).
Measured: One assessment at baseline after study information and informed consent was given
Mee-Bunney Psychological Pain Assessment Scale (MBPPAS)
The Mee-Bunney Psychological Pain Assessment Scale measures psychological pain and consists of 10 items. Item scores range from 10 to 50 with higher scores indicating more psychological pain (Mee et al., 2011).
Measured: One assessment at baseline after study information and informed consent was given
Positive Mental Health Scale (PMH-scale)
Positive Mental Health Scale measures positive mental health ans consists of 9 items. Item scores range from 9 to 36 with higher scores indicating more positive mental health (Lukat, Margraf, Lutz, van der Veld \& Becker, 2016).
Measured: One assessment at baseline after study information and informed consent was given
Internal External Locus of Control-4 (IE-4)
The IE-4 is a Scale for the Assessment of Locus of Control and consists of two subscales with two items each. For each subscale, the mean value of the two items is calculated, which can range from 1 to 5 with higher scores indication more internal/external locus of control (Kemper, Beierlein, Kovaleva, \& Rammstedt, 2012).
Measured: One assessment at baseline after study information and informed consent was given
Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.)
The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview is a brief structured diagnostic interview to assess the most common psychiatric disorders (Sheehan et al., 1998).
Measured: One assessment at baseline after study information and informed consent was given
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted14 Oct 2020
- Study start27 May 2020
- Primary completion26 Nov 2024
- Study completion26 Nov 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (14)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Suicidal IdeationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of BernThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 447 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Bern
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University Hospital of Psychiatry, Department Neuropsychopharmacology and Brain Imaging
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Anja C. Gysin-Maillart, PD, Principal investigator, University of Bern
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04585802
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2019-01410
- Other IDs
- 2019
- Acronym
- IAT-S
- Status last verified
- Jul 2025
- First submitted
- 23 Sep 2020
- Last updated
- 18 Jul 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Nock MK, Park JM, Finn CT, Deliberto TL, Dour HJ, Banaji MR. Measuring the suicidal mind: implicit cognition predicts suicidal behavior. Psychol Sci. 2010 Apr;21(4):511-7. doi: 10.1177/0956797610364762. Epub 2010 Mar 9.
PubMed 20424092Pearce CM, Martin G. Locus of control as an indicator of risk for suicidal behaviour among adolescents. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1993 Dec;88(6):409-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03482.x.
PubMed 8310847Rath D, Hallensleben N, Glaesmer H, Spangenberg L, Strauss M, Kersting A, Teismann T, Forkmann T. [Implicit Associations with Death: First Validation of the German Version of the Suicide Implicit Association Test (Suicide IAT)]. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol. 2018 Mar;68(3-4):109-117. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-105070. Epub 2017 Jun 29. German.
PubMed 28718868Everall, RD, Altrows, KJ, Paulson, BL. Creating a Future: A Study of Resilience in Suicidal Female Adolescents. Journal of Counseling & Development. 2006; 84(4): 461-470.
Osman A, Bagge CL, Gutierrez PM, Konick LC, Kopper BA, Barrios FX. The Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R): validation with clinical and nonclinical samples. Assessment. 2001 Dec;8(4):443-54. doi: 10.1177/107319110100800409.
PubMed 11785588Beck AT, Steer RA, Ball R, Ranieri W. Comparison of Beck Depression Inventories -IA and -II in psychiatric outpatients. J Pers Assess. 1996 Dec;67(3):588-97. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa6703_13.
PubMed 8991972Beck AT, Steer RA. BSI, Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation. Psychological Corporation. 1993.
Kliem S, Brähler E. Beck-Hoffnungslosigkeits-Skala. Deutsche Fassung. Göttingen:Hogrefe. 2016.
Mee S, Bunney BG, Bunney WE, Hetrick W, Potkin SG, Reist C. Assessment of psychological pain in major depressive episodes. J Psychiatr Res. 2011 Nov;45(11):1504-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.06.011. Epub 2011 Aug 9.
PubMed 21831397Lukat J, Margraf J, Lutz R, van der Veld WM, Becker ES. Psychometric properties of the Positive Mental Health Scale (PMH-scale). BMC Psychol. 2016 Feb 10;4:8. doi: 10.1186/s40359-016-0111-x.
PubMed 26865173Kemper CJ, Beierlein C, Kovaleva A, Rammstedt B. Eine Kurzskala zur Messung von Kontrollüberzeugung: Die Skala lnternale-Externale Kontrollüberzeugung-4 (IE-4). GESIS Working Papers.2012; 2(19).
Sheehan DV, Lecrubier Y, Sheehan KH, Amorim P, Janavs J, Weiller E, Hergueta T, Baker R, Dunbar GC. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. J Clin Psychiatry. 1998;59 Suppl 20:22-33;quiz 34-57.
PubMed 9881538Nosek BA, Sriram N. Faulty assumptions: A comment on Blanton, Jaccard, Gonzales, and Christie (2006). J Exp Soc Psychol. 2007 May;43(3):393-398. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2006.10.018.
PubMed 18438456Greenwald AG, Nosek BA, Banaji MR. Understanding and using the implicit association test: I. An improved scoring algorithm. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2003 Aug;85(2):197-216. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.197.
PubMed 12916565
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 18 Jul 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Expansion and Reevaluation of the Implicit Association Test in Suicide Ideators and Suicide Attempters
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04585802
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- IAT-S / 2019-01410
- Conditions
- Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Attempt
- Keywords
- Implicit Association Test
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 447 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of BernUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University Hospital of Psychiatry, Department Neuropsychopharmacology and Brain Imaging
- Study start
- 27 May 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 26 Nov 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 26 Nov 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 14 Oct 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
A new approach to investigate suicidal processes belongs to the broader neurocognitive picture and are so-called implicit associations. In dual process models of information processing a second functioning mode, the automatic processing mode, complements the conscious processing. Suicidal persons tend to have a stronger implicit association with "death" than non-suicidal persons. In this study, implicit associations between different unconscious cognitive constructs are compared among suicidal and non-suicidal patients. Therefore, an adapted version of the computer-based reaction time task (IAT-S) will be used.
Four different versions of IATs are tested in this study. In the first version the implicit association between "self / others" and "death / life" is assessed (1). The second and third version measures the emotional evaluation of "death" (2) and "life" (3). In addition, in the fourth version the implicit association between death / life and internal / external locus of control is assessed (4).
The implicit associations of these four IAT-S versions are compared between three groups: patients with suicidal behavior, patients with suicidal ideation, and a clinical group without previous suicide attempts and without suicidal ideation.
The following hypotheses are made: in all four versions of the IAT-S, patients with previous suicidal behavior will have stronger implicit associations: between "self" and "death" as well as "death" and "internal locus of control" compared to all other groups. With a more "positive" evaluation of "death" and a more "negative" evaluation of "life" than all other participants.
Detailed description
In this study, four versions of the suicide-specific implicit association tests (IAT-S) are carried out. Previous studies have shown that suicidal persons have stronger associations between the constructs "self" and "death". Furthermore, the strength of these implicit associations increases the risk of suicidal behavior in the follow-up period of six months by a factor of six. In these previous studies, the implicit "self-death association" (the so-called death-identity bias) was investigated. This study will additionally examine an implicit emotional evaluation (death-evaluation-bias). Therefore, two new versions of the IAT-S, which measure how death vs. life are emotionally evaluated, are being tested. In addition, a fourth version of the IAT-S was added and aims to clarify the implicit association between death / life and internal / external locus of control. Previous studies have shown that an internal locus of control is a protective factor and an external locus of control a risk factor for suicide attempts. In the present study, these four IAT-S versions are carried out with different groups of patients: patients with a suicide attempt (1), patients with suicide ideation (2) and patients with neither a suicide attempt nor suicide ideation (3). This cross sectional design allows us to test for group differences in regard to unconscious implicit associations. Hypothesis are described separately for each version of the IAT-S.
Death association: patients in group 1 will have a higher implicit association between self and death than patients in group 2 and that patients in group 2 have a significantly higher implicit association between self and death than patients in group 3.
Death evaluation: patients in group 1 will have more "positive" evaluations of "death" than patients in group 2 and patients in group 2 have a more "positive" evaluations of death than patients in group 3.
Locus of control: patients in group 1 will have a stronger association between internal locus of control and death (a) and external locus of control and life (b) than patients in group 2, and that patients in group 2 have a significantly stronger association between internal locus of control and death (a) and external locus of control and life (b) than patients in group 3.
Study design
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Number of arms
- 4
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Suicide Attempters (1) | – | –patients with a suicide attempt |
| Suicide Ideators (2) | – | –patients with suicidal ideation |
| Clinical Control Group (3) | – | –patients without suicide attempt and without suicide ideation |
| Healthy Control Group (4) | – | –persons without suicide attempt and without suicide ideation, who do not have a psychiatric disorder |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Patients from the University Hospital of Psychiatry
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Age 18-65 years
- Ability and willingness to participate in the study
- Ability to give consent
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Foreign language
- Diagnostic criteria: Psychoses, strong cognitive impairments (e.g. dementia)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Implicit Association Test (IAT)
Time frame: One assessment at baseline after study information and informed consent was given
The German version of the Suicide Implicit Association Test (Rath et al., 2018) is administered using a computer paradigm and is designed to measure implicit associations with death using D-values. D is an individual effect size assessment that reflects the comparative difficulty of performing the two response conditions of the IAT, with a value of 0 indicating that the tasks had equivalent performance (Greenwald et al., 2003). D has a theoretical minimum of -2 and maximum of +2 when blocks of the same size are compared (Nosek \& Sriram, 2007). The more positive the D-values, the stronger the association between the "self" and "death" than between the "self" and "life".
7 secondary outcomes
Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire - Revised
Time frame: One assessment at baseline after study information and informed consent was given
Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS)
Time frame: One assessment at baseline after study information and informed consent was given
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II)
Time frame: One assessment at baseline after study information and informed consent was given
Mee-Bunney Psychological Pain Assessment Scale (MBPPAS)
Time frame: One assessment at baseline after study information and informed consent was given
Positive Mental Health Scale (PMH-scale)
Time frame: One assessment at baseline after study information and informed consent was given
Internal External Locus of Control-4 (IE-4)
Time frame: One assessment at baseline after study information and informed consent was given
Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.)
Time frame: One assessment at baseline after study information and informed consent was given
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 18 Jul 2025.
- Background: PubMed 20424092Nock MK, Park JM, Finn CT, Deliberto TL, Dour HJ, Banaji MR. Measuring the suicidal mind: implicit cognition predicts suicidal behavior. Psychol Sci. 2010 Apr;21(4):511-7. doi: 10.1177/0956797610364762. Epub 2010 Mar 9.
- Background: PubMed 8310847Pearce CM, Martin G. Locus of control as an indicator of risk for suicidal behaviour among adolescents. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1993 Dec;88(6):409-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03482.x.
- Background: PubMed 28718868Rath D, Hallensleben N, Glaesmer H, Spangenberg L, Strauss M, Kersting A, Teismann T, Forkmann T. [Implicit Associations with Death: First Validation of the German Version of the Suicide Implicit Association Test (Suicide IAT)]. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol. 2018 Mar;68(3-4):109-117. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-105070. Epub 2017 Jun 29. German.
- BackgroundEverall, RD, Altrows, KJ, Paulson, BL. Creating a Future: A Study of Resilience in Suicidal Female Adolescents. Journal of Counseling & Development. 2006; 84(4): 461-470.
- Background: PubMed 11785588Osman A, Bagge CL, Gutierrez PM, Konick LC, Kopper BA, Barrios FX. The Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R): validation with clinical and nonclinical samples. Assessment. 2001 Dec;8(4):443-54. doi: 10.1177/107319110100800409.
- Background: PubMed 8991972Beck AT, Steer RA, Ball R, Ranieri W. Comparison of Beck Depression Inventories -IA and -II in psychiatric outpatients. J Pers Assess. 1996 Dec;67(3):588-97. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa6703_13.
- BackgroundBeck AT, Steer RA. BSI, Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation. Psychological Corporation. 1993.
- BackgroundKliem S, Brähler E. Beck-Hoffnungslosigkeits-Skala. Deutsche Fassung. Göttingen:Hogrefe. 2016.
- Background: PubMed 21831397Mee S, Bunney BG, Bunney WE, Hetrick W, Potkin SG, Reist C. Assessment of psychological pain in major depressive episodes. J Psychiatr Res. 2011 Nov;45(11):1504-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.06.011. Epub 2011 Aug 9.
- Background: PubMed 26865173Lukat J, Margraf J, Lutz R, van der Veld WM, Becker ES. Psychometric properties of the Positive Mental Health Scale (PMH-scale). BMC Psychol. 2016 Feb 10;4:8. doi: 10.1186/s40359-016-0111-x.
- BackgroundKemper CJ, Beierlein C, Kovaleva A, Rammstedt B. Eine Kurzskala zur Messung von Kontrollüberzeugung: Die Skala lnternale-Externale Kontrollüberzeugung-4 (IE-4). GESIS Working Papers.2012; 2(19).
- Background: PubMed 9881538Sheehan DV, Lecrubier Y, Sheehan KH, Amorim P, Janavs J, Weiller E, Hergueta T, Baker R, Dunbar GC. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. J Clin Psychiatry. 1998;59 Suppl 20:22-33;quiz 34-57.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Anja C. Gysin-Maillart, PD principal investigator
University of Bern
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempt, run by University of Bern at 1 site in Switzerland.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 18 Jul 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Switzerland. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Implicit Association Test (IAT) (time frame: One assessment at baseline after study information and informed consent was given). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04585802, which also lists 14 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 18 Jul 2025.