Smoking CessationNCT04524533
VR Smoking Cessation During a Dental Hygiene Visit
A study testing Experimental smoking cessation video, Brochure of smoking cessation EBTs and Tailored text message program in people with Smoking Cessation, run by Boston University at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The goal of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to test whether a smoking cessation induction intervention delivered during a dental cleaning appointment increases the utilization of evidence-based treatments (EBTs) for smoking cessation within 7 months post-dental cleaning appointment. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Smoking Cessation
- What is being tested?
- Experimental smoking cessation video, Brochure of smoking cessation EBTs and Tailored text message program
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 440 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 4 Jan 2021to 1 Sep 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Patient of the Boston University, Henry M Goldman School of Dental Medicine treatment center with an upcoming dental hygiene appointment (dental prophylaxis or scaling and root planing)
- Self-reported smoking 100 cigarettes or more (not including e-cigarettes or vaping) in lifetime
- Self-reported smoking any cigarette (not including e-cigarettes or vaping) in the preceding week
- Self-reported cigarettes (not including e-cigarettes or vaping) 'some days', 'most days' or 'every day' in the preceding week
- Is able to understand written and spoken study materials
- Score of 'Never,' 'Rarely' or 'Sometimes' on the validated single-item literacy screener ("How often do you need to have someone help you when you read instructions, pamphlets, or other written material from your doctor, dentist, or pharmacy?")
Show all 12Show fewer
- Self-reported visual capacity to watch a video as indicated by the score 'Some difficulty' or 'No difficulty' to: "How much difficulty do you have with your vision, even when wearing glasses?"
- Self-reported ability to wear headphones that are inserted partially inside the ear
- Self-reported use of text messaging at least once in the preceding month
- Self-reported access to necessary resources for intervention: Cell phone capable of text messaging
- Live in Massachusetts
- Stated willingness to comply with text message program procedures (receive and respond to text messages for 4-weeks)
Who cannot join
- Participation in another treatment or intervention study for smoking cessation or research involving text messaging
- Current use of medications for smoking cessation or smoking reduction (nicotine replacement product, or non-nicotine medications) whether prescribed or not
- Failure to complete the pre-dental clinic appointment procedure before the start of the dental appointment (opt-into the text message program and complete the baseline questionnaire)
- Failure to show up to scheduled dental appointment at the clinic
- Previous participation in the pilot phase
- Could not watch video during dental appointment
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Henry M Goldman School of Dental Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts, 02118
About this study
Official title: Delivery of a Smoking Cessation Induction Intervention Via Virtual Reality (VR) Headset During a Dental Cleaning: Randomized Controlled Trial
The goal of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to test whether a smoking cessation induction intervention delivered during a dental cleaning appointment increases the utilization of evidence-based treatments (EBTs) for smoking cessation within 7 months post-dental cleaning appointment.
Approximately 400 cigarette smokers who are scheduled for a dental cleaning appointment at the Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine (BUGSDM) patient treatment center will be recruited and enrolled. Participants will be randomized to either the intervention or control group
Read the detailed description
Approximately 400 patients who have a scheduled prophylaxis, root planing and scaling dental appointment at the BUGSDM patient treatment center will be recruited and enrolled in the randomized controlled trial. Participants who complete the baseline survey will be randomized to either the intervention or control group. The intervention group will watch one of two smoking cessation videos during the appointment (depending on readiness to quit), receive a brochure about EBTs for smoking cessation, and participate in a 4-week tailored text message program designed to motivate EBT utilization. After the 4-week text message program, the intervention group will receive monthly assessment text messages for six months. The control group will watch a control video during the appointment, receive the same brochure about EBTs as the intervention group, and participate in an assessment-only 4-week text message program. All videos are approximately 10 minutes long.
After the dental clinic appointment, all participants will complete an online questionnaire and begin the 4-week text message program.
At the end of the 4-week text message program, and 3 and 6 months later, all participants will complete online questionnaires.
Primary Aim 1: To test the efficacy of the intervention vs. control in increasing utilization of EBTs over the course of follow-up (7-months). Hypothesis 1.1: Smokers randomized to the intervention will be more likely to engage with (contact) EBTs. Hypothesis 1.2: Smokers randomized to the intervention will have greater treatment utilization (e.g., more days in the text message program, more days using smoking cessation medication, and more quitline counseling sessions, greater number of EBTs).
Secondary Aims:
Aim 2: To test the effect of the intervention vs. controls on quit attempts and on motivation to quit. Hypothesis 2: Smokers randomized to the intervention will have more quit attempts and higher motivation to quit.
Aim 3: To test the efficacy of the intervention vs controls on biochemically verified abstinence. Hypothesis 3: Smokers randomized to the intervention will have higher quit rates at follow-up.
Aim 4: To assess the mechanisms through which the intervention effects occur (social cognitive mediators) and to identify subpopulations for whom intervention effects differ (moderators, e.g., readiness to quit, gender, race/ethnicity). Hypothesis 4: The intervention will directly affect the putative mediators, which will in turn affect EBT utilization. The role of moderators will be exploratory.
- Conditions
- Smoking Cessation
- Being tested
- Experimental smoking cessation video, Control video, Brochure of smoking cessation EBTs, Tailored text message program, Assessment text messages
- Keywords
- video-based smoking cessation, smoking cessation evidence-based treatments (EBTs), text messages, dental cleaning, smoking cessation
- Medical subject headings
- Smoking Cessation
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Experimental smoking cessation videoBehavioural
Participants who are randomized to the intervention group will watch an educational video that includes tips on quitting smoking during a dental cleaning. The video is approximately 10 minutes long and tailored to readiness to quit at the time of the dental visit.
Control videoBehavioural
Participants randomized to the control group will watch a 10 minute video.
Brochure of smoking cessation EBTsOther
All participants will receive identical print materials on EBTs consistent with smoking cessation standard clinical care.
Tailored text message programBehavioural
Participants randomized to the intervention group will be enrolled in a 4-week tailored text message program which includes assessment questions in addition to text messages geared towards motivating and facilitating EBT utilization for individuals ready to quit smoking and individuals who are not ready to quit smoking.
Assessment text messagesOther
Participants randomized to the control group will be enrolled in a different 4-week text message program that includes only assessment questions.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention group | Experimental | Participants randomized into the intervention arm will watch smoking cessation videos (ready to quit or not ready to quit) during a dental cleaning clinic visit, receive a brochure about EBTs, and participate in a 4-week text message program which consists of automated and tailored text messages to motivate EBT utilization. After the 4-week program, the intervention group will receive monthly assessment text messages. Receives: Behavioral: Experimental smoking cessation video; Other: Brochure of smoking cessation EBTs; Behavioral: Tailored text message program |
| Control group | Active comparator | Participants randomized into the control arm will watch a control video during a dental hygiene visit and receive a brochure about EBTs, and a 4-week assessment-only text message program. Receives: Behavioral: Control video; Other: Brochure of smoking cessation EBTs; Other: Assessment text messages |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Use of Any Evidence-Based Treatment (EBT) for Smoking Cessation
Self-reported use of any Evidence-Based Treatment (EBT) for smoking cessation. Participants indicated whether they used any EBT during the study. EBT is defined according to clinical practice guidelines and include: counseling (individual or group counseling at a clinic or community center and telehealth), a telephone quit line (Massachusetts quitline), quit smoking text-message programs (National Cancer Institute's "SmokefreeTXT" or Massachusetts quitline text program), Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch, gum, lozenge, inhaler), and non-nicotine quit smoking medications (bupropion or varenicline).
Measured: 7 months
Verified Use of Any EBT for Smoking Cessation
Objectively verified use of the following EBT: the text message program SmokefreeTXT and/or the Massachusetts state quitline. Verification of use will occur through review of usage databases from the vendors.
Measured: 7 months
Use of Combination EBT for Smoking Cessation
Self-reported use of combination EBT defined according to clinical guidelines as use of a pharmacologic product (NRT or non-nicotine medications) combined with behavioral support (counseling, quitline, or text-message program).
Measured: 7 months
Number of EBT Used for Smoking Cessation
Self-reported use of the total number of EBT computed by counting the different type of EBTs used for smoking cessation in any combination (range 0 - 4).
Measured: 7 months
Text Message (TM) Data Use of Any EBT for Smoking Cessation
TM and questionnaire assessment of self-reported use of any Evidence-Based Treatment (EBT) for smoking cessation. Participants indicated whether they used any EBT during the study (for the intervention group, responses were also obtained through text message assessments during the course of the study). EBT is defined according to clinical practice guidelines and include: counseling (individual or group counseling at a clinic or community center and telehealth), a telephone quit line (Massachusetts quitline), quit smoking text-message programs (National Cancer Institute's "SmokefreeTXT" or Massachusetts quitline text program), Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch, gum, lozenge, inhaler), and non-nicotine quit smoking medications (bupropion or varenicline).
Measured: 7 months
Secondary outcomes (6)
Self-report 7-day Point Prevalence Smoking Abstinence
Participants self-report of no smoking, not even a puff, in the preceding 7 days.
Measured: 7 months
Verified 7-day Point Prevalence Smoking Abstinence
Participants self-report of no smoking, not even a puff, in the preceding 7 days will be biochemically confirmed through salivary cotinine analysis using the clinically recommended cut off level (<15 ng/mL = verified abstinent).
Measured: 7 months
Motivation to Quit Smoking
Self-reported motivation to quit smoking within 30 days. Participants who did not quit smoking (non-abstinent) during the study indicated whether they are ready to quit smoking within 30 days.
Measured: 7 months
Any Quit Smoking Attempt
Self-reported attempts to quit smoking for at least 24 hours. Participants indicated whether they made any attempt to quit smoking for at least 24 hours because they were trying to quit (not due to illness or hospitalization)
Measured: 7 months
Participant's Satisfaction
A 10-item questionnaire measuring satisfaction with the video experience (6 items) and satisfaction with the virtual reality (VR) headset experience (4 items). Each item is rated on a 1 ("not satisfied at all") to 7 ("very satisfied") scale and average scores are computed for each scale. Higher scores mean a better outcome.
Measured: within 10 days after the dental clinic visit.
EBT Utilization Index Score
The utilization index score (UIS) is computed as the sum of the utilization dose of each evidence-based treatment (EBT) for smoking cessation used by participants (range 0 - 100). Higher scores mean a better outcome.
Measured: up to 7 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted24 Aug 2020
- Study start4 Jan 2021
- Primary completion19 Mar 2025
- Study completion1 Sep 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (2)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Smoking CessationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Boston UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 440 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Boston University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Belinda Borrelli, PhD, Principal investigator, Henry M Goldman School of Dental Medicine
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04524533
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- H-40368
- Other IDs
- 4UH3DE028866-02
- Status last verified
- Apr 2026
- First submitted
- 20 Aug 2020
- Last updated
- 26 May 2026
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: To enable verification of outcome measures, participant's data will be shared with the smoker quitline service and with the industry partner managing the text message programs.
Publications
Hart NJ, Goodman MS, Park H, Endrighi R, Jurasic MM, Cabral HJ, Borrelli B. Factors associated with dental fear and anxiety among smokers in urban dental clinics: a cross-sectional analysis. BMC Oral Health. 2026 Jan 13;26(1):263. doi: 10.1186/s12903-026-07682-3.
PubMed 41526906Borrelli B, Endrighi R, Jurasic MM, Hernandez H, Jones E, Ospina J, Cabral HJ, Quintiliani LM, Werntz S. A smoking cessation induction intervention via virtual reality headset during a dental cleaning: protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health. 2022 May 31;22(1):1074. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13427-y.
PubMed 35641925
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 26 May 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Delivery of a Smoking Cessation Induction Intervention Via Virtual Reality (VR) Headset During a Dental Cleaning: Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04524533
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- H-40368
- Conditions
- Smoking Cessation
- Keywords
- video-based smoking cessation, smoking cessation evidence-based treatments (EBTs), text messages, dental cleaning, smoking cessation
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 440 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Boston UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)
- Study start
- 4 Jan 2021 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 19 Mar 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Sep 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 24 Aug 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Posted 26 May 2026
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to test whether a smoking cessation induction intervention delivered during a dental cleaning appointment increases the utilization of evidence-based treatments (EBTs) for smoking cessation within 7 months post-dental cleaning appointment.
Approximately 400 cigarette smokers who are scheduled for a dental cleaning appointment at the Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine (BUGSDM) patient treatment center will be recruited and enrolled. Participants will be randomized to either the intervention or control group
Detailed description
Approximately 400 patients who have a scheduled prophylaxis, root planing and scaling dental appointment at the BUGSDM patient treatment center will be recruited and enrolled in the randomized controlled trial. Participants who complete the baseline survey will be randomized to either the intervention or control group. The intervention group will watch one of two smoking cessation videos during the appointment (depending on readiness to quit), receive a brochure about EBTs for smoking cessation, and participate in a 4-week tailored text message program designed to motivate EBT utilization. After the 4-week text message program, the intervention group will receive monthly assessment text messages for six months. The control group will watch a control video during the appointment, receive the same brochure about EBTs as the intervention group, and participate in an assessment-only 4-week text message program. All videos are approximately 10 minutes long.
After the dental clinic appointment, all participants will complete an online questionnaire and begin the 4-week text message program.
At the end of the 4-week text message program, and 3 and 6 months later, all participants will complete online questionnaires.
Primary Aim 1: To test the efficacy of the intervention vs. control in increasing utilization of EBTs over the course of follow-up (7-months). Hypothesis 1.1: Smokers randomized to the intervention will be more likely to engage with (contact) EBTs. Hypothesis 1.2: Smokers randomized to the intervention will have greater treatment utilization (e.g., more days in the text message program, more days using smoking cessation medication, and more quitline counseling sessions, greater number of EBTs).
Secondary Aims:
Aim 2: To test the effect of the intervention vs. controls on quit attempts and on motivation to quit. Hypothesis 2: Smokers randomized to the intervention will have more quit attempts and higher motivation to quit.
Aim 3: To test the efficacy of the intervention vs controls on biochemically verified abstinence. Hypothesis 3: Smokers randomized to the intervention will have higher quit rates at follow-up.
Aim 4: To assess the mechanisms through which the intervention effects occur (social cognitive mediators) and to identify subpopulations for whom intervention effects differ (moderators, e.g., readiness to quit, gender, race/ethnicity). Hypothesis 4: The intervention will directly affect the putative mediators, which will in turn affect EBT utilization. The role of moderators will be exploratory.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind (participant, care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention group | Experimental | Behavioral: Experimental smoking cessation video, Other: Brochure of smoking cessation EBTs, Behavioral: Tailored text message programParticipants randomized into the intervention arm will watch smoking cessation videos (ready to quit or not ready to quit) during a dental cleaning clinic visit, receive a brochure about EBTs, and participate in a 4-week text message program which consists of automated and tailored text messages to motivate EBT utilization. After the 4-week program, the intervention group will receive monthly assessment text messages. |
| Control group | Active comparator | Behavioral: Control video, Other: Brochure of smoking cessation EBTs, Other: Assessment text messagesParticipants randomized into the control arm will watch a control video during a dental hygiene visit and receive a brochure about EBTs, and a 4-week assessment-only text message program. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (12 listed)
- Patient of the Boston University, Henry M Goldman School of Dental Medicine treatment center with an upcoming dental hygiene appointment (dental prophylaxis or scaling and root planing)
- Self-reported smoking 100 cigarettes or more (not including e-cigarettes or vaping) in lifetime
- Self-reported smoking any cigarette (not including e-cigarettes or vaping) in the preceding week
- Self-reported cigarettes (not including e-cigarettes or vaping) 'some days', 'most days' or 'every day' in the preceding week
- Is able to understand written and spoken study materials
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Participation in another treatment or intervention study for smoking cessation or research involving text messaging
- Current use of medications for smoking cessation or smoking reduction (nicotine replacement product, or non-nicotine medications) whether prescribed or not
- Failure to complete the pre-dental clinic appointment procedure before the start of the dental appointment (opt-into the text message program and complete the baseline questionnaire)
- Failure to show up to scheduled dental appointment at the clinic
- Previous participation in the pilot phase
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental smoking cessation videoParticipants who are randomized to the intervention group will watch an educational video that includes tips on quitting smoking during a dental cleaning. The video is approximately 10 minutes long and tailored to readiness to quit at the time of the dental visit. | Behavioural | Intervention group |
| Control videoParticipants randomized to the control group will watch a 10 minute video. | Behavioural | Control group |
| Brochure of smoking cessation EBTsAll participants will receive identical print materials on EBTs consistent with smoking cessation standard clinical care. | Other | Control group, Intervention group |
| Tailored text message programParticipants randomized to the intervention group will be enrolled in a 4-week tailored text message program which includes assessment questions in addition to text messages geared towards motivating and facilitating EBT utilization for individuals ready to quit smoking and individuals who are not ready to quit smoking. | Behavioural | Intervention group |
| Assessment text messagesParticipants randomized to the control group will be enrolled in a different 4-week text message program that includes only assessment questions. | Other | Control group |
Primary outcome
Use of Any Evidence-Based Treatment (EBT) for Smoking Cessation
Time frame: 7 months
Self-reported use of any Evidence-Based Treatment (EBT) for smoking cessation. Participants indicated whether they used any EBT during the study. EBT is defined according to clinical practice guidelines and include: counseling (individual or group counseling at a clinic or community center and telehealth), a telephone quit line (Massachusetts quitline), quit smoking text-message programs (National Cancer Institute's "SmokefreeTXT" or Massachusetts quitline text program), Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch, gum, lozenge, inhaler), and non-nicotine quit smoking medications (bupropion or varenicline).
Verified Use of Any EBT for Smoking Cessation
Time frame: 7 months
Objectively verified use of the following EBT: the text message program SmokefreeTXT and/or the Massachusetts state quitline. Verification of use will occur through review of usage databases from the vendors.
Use of Combination EBT for Smoking Cessation
Time frame: 7 months
Self-reported use of combination EBT defined according to clinical guidelines as use of a pharmacologic product (NRT or non-nicotine medications) combined with behavioral support (counseling, quitline, or text-message program).
Number of EBT Used for Smoking Cessation
Time frame: 7 months
Self-reported use of the total number of EBT computed by counting the different type of EBTs used for smoking cessation in any combination (range 0 - 4).
Text Message (TM) Data Use of Any EBT for Smoking Cessation
Time frame: 7 months
TM and questionnaire assessment of self-reported use of any Evidence-Based Treatment (EBT) for smoking cessation. Participants indicated whether they used any EBT during the study (for the intervention group, responses were also obtained through text message assessments during the course of the study). EBT is defined according to clinical practice guidelines and include: counseling (individual or group counseling at a clinic or community center and telehealth), a telephone quit line (Massachusetts quitline), quit smoking text-message programs (National Cancer Institute's "SmokefreeTXT" or Massachusetts quitline text program), Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch, gum, lozenge, inhaler), and non-nicotine quit smoking medications (bupropion or varenicline).
6 secondary outcomes
Self-report 7-day Point Prevalence Smoking Abstinence
Time frame: 7 months
Verified 7-day Point Prevalence Smoking Abstinence
Time frame: 7 months
Motivation to Quit Smoking
Time frame: 7 months
Any Quit Smoking Attempt
Time frame: 7 months
Participant's Satisfaction
Time frame: within 10 days after the dental clinic visit.
EBT Utilization Index Score
Time frame: up to 7 months
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 26 May 2026.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 41526906Hart NJ, Goodman MS, Park H, Endrighi R, Jurasic MM, Cabral HJ, Borrelli B. Factors associated with dental fear and anxiety among smokers in urban dental clinics: a cross-sectional analysis. BMC Oral Health. 2026 Jan 13;26(1):263. doi: 10.1186/s12903-026-07682-3.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 35641925Borrelli B, Endrighi R, Jurasic MM, Hernandez H, Jones E, Ospina J, Cabral HJ, Quintiliani LM, Werntz S. A smoking cessation induction intervention via virtual reality headset during a dental cleaning: protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health. 2022 May 31;22(1):1074. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13427-y.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. To enable verification of outcome measures, participant's data will be shared with the smoker quitline service and with the industry partner managing the text message programs.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Belinda Borrelli, PhD principal investigator
Henry M Goldman School of Dental Medicine
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Experimental smoking cessation video, Brochure of smoking cessation EBTs and Tailored text message program in people with Smoking Cessation, run by Boston University at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 12 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 26 May 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 26 May 2026). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Use of Any Evidence-Based Treatment (EBT) for Smoking Cessation (time frame: 7 months). The study lists 5 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04524533, which also lists 2 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 26 May 2026.