Nurse-Patient RelationsNCT04441853
Use of YouTube for Nursing Students to Learn Empathy
A study testing YouTube video in people with Nurse-Patient Relations, run by Tung Wah College at 1 site in Hong Kong.
Trial summary
Caring is an integral part of nursing. It is grounded on universal human value such as empathy, to provide quality nursing care to patients. Nursing educators have a responsibility to develop teaching strategies to enable students to learn how to care using empathy. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Any ageHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Nurse-Patient Relations
- What is being tested?
- YouTube video
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 187 participants
- Where
- 1 siteHong Kong
- Study dates
- 26 Feb 2018to 31 Jan 2019
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages Any age
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- All nursing students of a tertitery institute (the study venue) who had enrolled in the geriatric course at two consecutive semesters during the study period were invited to participate in this study.
Who cannot join
- Nil
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Use of YouTube as a Teaching Tool for Nursing Student to Learn About Empathy
Caring is an integral part of nursing. It is grounded on universal human value such as empathy, to provide quality nursing care to patients. Nursing educators have a responsibility to develop teaching strategies to enable students to learn how to care using empathy. One way to foster empathy is by adopting experiential learning where knowledge and understanding is developing through transforming of experience. The use of cinema, as a form of drama, provides opportunities for students to learn from another people's story. You Tube, a large medium of digital story video clips, can offers tremendous opportunities for nursing educators to engage and assess to students. Some You Tube videos provide fictional scenarios from people discussing on their health problems and related concerns that give students real-life insight and promote cultivation on empathetic caring attitudes required for ethical healthcare practice needs. Using video technology to facilitate learning has become more popular in nursing but the research for using YouTube as a pedagogical tool on empathy is limited.
This study aims to examine the use of YouTube video as a teaching resource on nursing student's empathy, attitude and understanding of patients' and caregivers' experience in various health conditions.
Read the detailed description
- Study design, sampling and data collection This study is a mixed study design, using questionnaires and focus group discussions for data collection. The study period involves two semesters for the academic year. A convenience non-probability sampling method will be employed. The first part of the study is planned for quantitative data collecting, it adopts a quasi-experimental, non-equivalent pre- and post-control group design. Both group of students are recruited from two different semesters who study for the same geriatric course. Students enroll for the geriatric course in the first semester are treated as the intervention group, while students study the same course in next semester are assigned for the control group. Both groups are assessed by the pre- and post-test to investigate on change of students' empathy by the Taiwan version of Jefferson Scale of Empathy - Health Professions Students (C-JSE-HPS). Additionally, students of the intervention group will be assessed on their perception on the intervention by a post-intervention survey consisted of closed-ended and open-ended questions. All students who have enrolled in the geriatric course during the study period are invited to participate in this study. A sample size of 85 on each group is expected to provide 90% power to detect difference between sample mean and expected population mean of 0.5, at a significance level of 0.05 (Chow, Shao, \& Wang, 2003). Allowing for 10% of attrition, the total number of participants required for this study will be 188. The sample size calculation is estimated from a sample size calculator https://www2.ccrb.cuhk.edu.hk/stat/mean/osm_equality.htm The second part of study is a qualitative descriptive approach to assess on students' perception, attitude and understanding towards elderly patients and their caregivers after YouTube video activities. Approximately 30 students from the intervention group will be invited for focus group discussion till data saturation.
- Intervention Students of the intervention group are instructed using You Tube video. A series of YouTube video activities is designed to impact students' attitude and understanding on elderly people and their caregivers, fostering them an empathetic attitude towards geriatric clients. The YouTube learning activities will be conducted during tutorial sessions, which consist of five topics, including: elder abuse, elderly poverty, sexuality in elderly people, end-of-life care and successful aging. In each tutorial session, students are required to view a You Tube video clip focusing on weekly learning objectives of the subject. Then, they will be divided into a group of four to six for group discussion on a set of related guiding questions to facilitate their thinking about the elderly clients and their caregivers' situation and their coping strategies. Students of the control group are taught with the same content through the usual lecture-based method, without You Tube video.
- Data analysis The IBM SPSS Version 23.0 (IBM Crop. Armonk, N.Y.) or the latest version, will be used for quantitative data entry and analysis. All statistical tests involved are 2-tailed and the level of significance is set at P ≤ 0.05. Descriptive statistics, will be used to summarize, and present the sample characteristics of the demographic data, survey result and C-JSE-HPS scores. Chi-square Fisher's exact and independent t-tests will be used as appropriate, to assess for homogeneity of the intervention and control groups. The pre-to-post changes of the C-JSE-HPS score among students of intervention and control group will be assessed by using repeated measure ANOVA. For focus group interviews, the interview tapes will be transcribed verbatim and field notes will be taken. Data analysis software NVivo 11 or the latest version (QSR International Pty Ltd, Victoria, Australia) that will have used to organize data. Then, the content analysis technique will be adopted, through grouping common sub-themes into themes or nodes, to analysis interview data independently according to the interview guide, with cross-checking for consistency.
- Ethical consideration Ethical approval of the study was obtained from the Research Ethics Sub-Committee (RESC), Tung Wah College.The purpose, benefits, risk, and procedures of the study was fully explained to the participants and written in the information sheet was issued. Written consent were obtained from study participants before their participation in the study. Participants were informed that they had the right to refuse to respond any questions and withdraw from this study anytime without penalty of any kind. Confidentiality and anonymous of participants were strictly ensured. Permission of interviews to be audio-recorded had been obtained before the focus group interviews.
- Conditions
- Nurse-Patient Relations
- Being tested
- YouTube video, Control
- Keywords
- YouTube, teaching, nursing student, emapthy
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
YouTube videoOther
Tutoral session on using YouTube personal stories on older people
ControlOther
Tutorial session with same content without Youtube video
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| YouTube video group | Experimental | The intervention group attended five sessions of weekly-based tutorial, by watching YouTube videos on older people's and their caregivers' lived experience. On each session, they would joined post-video group discussion. Receives: Other: YouTube video |
| No YouTube video group | Active comparator | The control group were offered for five sessions of tutorial with same content without YouTube or other audio-visual tools. They also needed to join for group discussion in each tutorial. Receives: Other: Control |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
The Chinese version of Jefferson Scale of Empathy - Health Professions Students (C-JSE-HPS)
The Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health Profession Student Version (JSE-HPS) (Fields et al., 2011) was firstly developed from the original Jefferson Scale of Empathy (Hojat, Gonnella, \& Maxwell, 2009). The Taiwan version was translated and validated in 2012. It has been demonstrated with satisfactory psychometric properties, for which the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the test-retest reliability was 0.93 and 0.92 respectively (Hsaio et al., 2013). It is a 20-items questionnaire, scoring on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1= strongly disagree to 7 =strongly agree. 10 out of 20 items in this scale are negatively worded and reversely coded. The JSE-HPS scores range from 20 - 140. Higher scores on the scale reflect for higher level of empathy.
The study assessed the pre-to-post changes of the C-JSE-HPS score among students of intervention and control group.
Measured: The outcome assessment was taken at baseline, 1 week before study intervention (T0), and (T1)then 1 week after the study intervention, spanned for about 15 weeks
Survey on student's perception of the value of YouTube video activities.
A self-report survey was used to explore student's accessibility to internet and perception of using YouTube as a supplementary learning activity in the intervention group
Measured: The outcome assessment was done at one time point, at 1 week after the study period
Focus group interview
The focus group interview was a type of semi-structured mode with interview guide, and open-ended format interview. Focus group discussion usually had 6 -12 participants.
A interview guide was developed by investigators to assess the students of the intervention group, on their perception, attitude and understanding towards elderly patients and their perspectives of elderly care after using YouTube personal stories as a teaching tools in a geriatric course.
Students of the intervention group would be invited to join for focus group interview for one time after completion of study intervention
Measured: Six focus group interviews were conducted after the study intervention, spanned for 4 weeks.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted22 Jun 2020
- Study start26 Feb 2018
- Primary completion21 Dec 2018
- Study completion31 Jan 2019
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Nurse-Patient RelationsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- The convenience samples were two groups of students enrolled in a geriatric nursing course at two consecutive semesters, from the school of nursing, in a tertiary education institution in Hong Kong. Students who studying the geriatric course in the first semester were treated as intervention group, whereas students studying the same course in the second semester were assigned as control. Students of the intervention group were invited to view a series of YouTube video, comprising five sessions, related to geriatric course content and focusing on patients' and caregivers' lived experience. Then, they were requested to participate in group discussion to stimulate their learning and understanding of patients' and caregivers' situation. Meanwhile, students of the control group were taught with the same content through the usual lecture-based method, without You Tube video.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 187 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Tung Wah College
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Siu Mei Yi, Tung Wah College
- Investigators
- Mei Yi Siu, Doctoral, Principal investigator, Tung Wah College
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04441853
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- RESC2018001
- Status last verified
- Jun 2020
- First submitted
- 17 Jun 2020
- Last updated
- 24 Jun 2020
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: All IPD that underlie results in a publication
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 24 Jun 2020. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Use of YouTube as a Teaching Tool for Nursing Student to Learn About Empathy
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04441853
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- RESC2018001
- Conditions
- Nurse-Patient Relations
- Keywords
- YouTube, teaching, nursing student, emapthy
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 187 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Tung Wah CollegeUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 26 Feb 2018 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 21 Dec 2018 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Jan 2019 (actual)
- First posted
- 22 Jun 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Caring is an integral part of nursing. It is grounded on universal human value such as empathy, to provide quality nursing care to patients. Nursing educators have a responsibility to develop teaching strategies to enable students to learn how to care using empathy. One way to foster empathy is by adopting experiential learning where knowledge and understanding is developing through transforming of experience. The use of cinema, as a form of drama, provides opportunities for students to learn from another people's story. You Tube, a large medium of digital story video clips, can offers tremendous opportunities for nursing educators to engage and assess to students. Some You Tube videos provide fictional scenarios from people discussing on their health problems and related concerns that give students real-life insight and promote cultivation on empathetic caring attitudes required for ethical healthcare practice needs. Using video technology to facilitate learning has become more popular in nursing but the research for using YouTube as a pedagogical tool on empathy is limited.
This study aims to examine the use of YouTube video as a teaching resource on nursing student's empathy, attitude and understanding of patients' and caregivers' experience in various health conditions.
Detailed description
- Study design, sampling and data collection This study is a mixed study design, using questionnaires and focus group discussions for data collection. The study period involves two semesters for the academic year. A convenience non-probability sampling method will be employed. The first part of the study is planned for quantitative data collecting, it adopts a quasi-experimental, non-equivalent pre- and post-control group design. Both group of students are recruited from two different semesters who study for the same geriatric course. Students enroll for the geriatric course in the first semester are treated as the intervention group, while students study the same course in next semester are assigned for the control group. Both groups are assessed by the pre- and post-test to investigate on change of students' empathy by the Taiwan version of Jefferson Scale of Empathy - Health Professions Students (C-JSE-HPS). Additionally, students of the intervention group will be assessed on their perception on the intervention by a post-intervention survey consisted of closed-ended and open-ended questions. All students who have enrolled in the geriatric course during the study period are invited to participate in this study. A sample size of 85 on each group is expected to provide 90% power to detect difference between sample mean and expected population mean of 0.5, at a significance level of 0.05 (Chow, Shao, \& Wang, 2003). Allowing for 10% of attrition, the total number of participants required for this study will be 188. The sample size calculation is estimated from a sample size calculator https://www2.ccrb.cuhk.edu.hk/stat/mean/osm_equality.htm The second part of study is a qualitative descriptive approach to assess on students' perception, attitude and understanding towards elderly patients and their caregivers after YouTube video activities. Approximately 30 students from the intervention group will be invited for focus group discussion till data saturation.
- Intervention Students of the intervention group are instructed using You Tube video. A series of YouTube video activities is designed to impact students' attitude and understanding on elderly people and their caregivers, fostering them an empathetic attitude towards geriatric clients. The YouTube learning activities will be conducted during tutorial sessions, which consist of five topics, including: elder abuse, elderly poverty, sexuality in elderly people, end-of-life care and successful aging. In each tutorial session, students are required to view a You Tube video clip focusing on weekly learning objectives of the subject. Then, they will be divided into a group of four to six for group discussion on a set of related guiding questions to facilitate their thinking about the elderly clients and their caregivers' situation and their coping strategies. Students of the control group are taught with the same content through the usual lecture-based method, without You Tube video.
- Data analysis The IBM SPSS Version 23.0 (IBM Crop. Armonk, N.Y.) or the latest version, will be used for quantitative data entry and analysis. All statistical tests involved are 2-tailed and the level of significance is set at P ≤ 0.05. Descriptive statistics, will be used to summarize, and present the sample characteristics of the demographic data, survey result and C-JSE-HPS scores. Chi-square Fisher's exact and independent t-tests will be used as appropriate, to assess for homogeneity of the intervention and control groups. The pre-to-post changes of the C-JSE-HPS score among students of intervention and control group will be assessed by using repeated measure ANOVA. For focus group interviews, the interview tapes will be transcribed verbatim and field notes will be taken. Data analysis software NVivo 11 or the latest version (QSR International Pty Ltd, Victoria, Australia) that will have used to organize data. Then, the content analysis technique will be adopted, through grouping common sub-themes into themes or nodes, to analysis interview data independently according to the interview guide, with cross-checking for consistency.
- Ethical consideration Ethical approval of the study was obtained from the Research Ethics Sub-Committee (RESC), Tung Wah College.The purpose, benefits, risk, and procedures of the study was fully explained to the participants and written in the information sheet was issued. Written consent were obtained from study participants before their participation in the study. Participants were informed that they had the right to refuse to respond any questions and withdraw from this study anytime without penalty of any kind. Confidentiality and anonymous of participants were strictly ensured. Permission of interviews to be audio-recorded had been obtained before the focus group interviews.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- The convenience samples were two groups of students enrolled in a geriatric nursing course at two consecutive semesters, from the school of nursing, in a tertiary education institution in Hong Kong. Students who studying the geriatric course in the first semester were treated as intervention group, whereas students studying the same course in the second semester were assigned as control. Students of the intervention group were invited to view a series of YouTube video, comprising five sessions, related to geriatric course content and focusing on patients' and caregivers' lived experience. Then, they were requested to participate in group discussion to stimulate their learning and understanding of patients' and caregivers' situation. Meanwhile, students of the control group were taught with the same content through the usual lecture-based method, without You Tube video.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| YouTube video group | Experimental | Other: YouTube videoThe intervention group attended five sessions of weekly-based tutorial, by watching YouTube videos on older people's and their caregivers' lived experience. On each session, they would joined post-video group discussion. |
| No YouTube video group | Active comparator | Other: ControlThe control group were offered for five sessions of tutorial with same content without YouTube or other audio-visual tools. They also needed to join for group discussion in each tutorial. |
Who may qualify
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- All nursing students of a tertitery institute (the study venue) who had enrolled in the geriatric course at two consecutive semesters during the study period were invited to participate in this study.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Nil
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| YouTube videoTutoral session on using YouTube personal stories on older people | Other | YouTube video group |
| ControlTutorial session with same content without Youtube video | Other | No YouTube video group |
Primary outcome
The Chinese version of Jefferson Scale of Empathy - Health Professions Students (C-JSE-HPS)
Time frame: The outcome assessment was taken at baseline, 1 week before study intervention (T0), and (T1)then 1 week after the study intervention, spanned for about 15 weeks
The Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health Profession Student Version (JSE-HPS) (Fields et al., 2011) was firstly developed from the original Jefferson Scale of Empathy (Hojat, Gonnella, \& Maxwell, 2009). The Taiwan version was translated and validated in 2012. It has been demonstrated with satisfactory psychometric properties, for which the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the test-retest reliability was 0.93 and 0.92 respectively (Hsaio et al., 2013). It is a 20-items questionnaire, scoring on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1= strongly disagree to 7 =strongly agree. 10 out of 20 items in this scale are negatively worded and reversely coded. The JSE-HPS scores range from 20 - 140. Higher scores on the scale reflect for higher level of empathy. The study assessed the pre-to-post changes of the C-JSE-HPS score among students of intervention and control group.
Survey on student's perception of the value of YouTube video activities.
Time frame: The outcome assessment was done at one time point, at 1 week after the study period
A self-report survey was used to explore student's accessibility to internet and perception of using YouTube as a supplementary learning activity in the intervention group
Focus group interview
Time frame: Six focus group interviews were conducted after the study intervention, spanned for 4 weeks.
The focus group interview was a type of semi-structured mode with interview guide, and open-ended format interview. Focus group discussion usually had 6 -12 participants. A interview guide was developed by investigators to assess the students of the intervention group, on their perception, attitude and understanding towards elderly patients and their perspectives of elderly care after using YouTube personal stories as a teaching tools in a geriatric course. Students of the intervention group would be invited to join for focus group interview for one time after completion of study intervention
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 24 Jun 2020.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. All IPD that underlie results in a publication
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Mei Yi Siu, Doctoral principal investigator
Tung Wah College
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing YouTube video in people with Nurse-Patient Relations, run by Tung Wah College at 1 site in Hong Kong.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 24 Jun 2020. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Hong Kong. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
The Chinese version of Jefferson Scale of Empathy - Health Professions Students (C-JSE-HPS) (time frame: The outcome assessment was taken at baseline, 1 week before study intervention (T0), and (T1)then 1 week after the study intervention, spanned for about 15 weeks). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 24 Jun 2020.