Carpal Tunnel SyndromeNCT04416867
Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in the Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
A study testing splint and home exercise, RESWT and physical therapy in people with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, run by Erzurum Regional Training & Research Hospital at 2 sites in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common of all entrapment syndromes with a prevalence of 1-5%. Electrodiagnostic testing is used to make a definite diagnosis. The mainstay of the pathophysiology of CTS includes mechanical damage to the median nerve due to build up of pressure in the carpal tunnel and nerve… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
- What is being tested?
- splint and home exercise, RESWT and physical therapy
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 95 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Jan 2020to 22 Mar 2022
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Patients have symptoms of CTS for more than three months with physical examination and electrophysiological findings consistent with mild to moderate CTS
Who cannot join
- Presence of other sensory or motor neuropathies
- History of surgery, trauma or fracture of the index hand and wrist
- History of corticosteroid injection or PT of the index wrist within the past three months.
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)2 sites
Baskent University
Ankara
Erzurum Regional Training & Research Hospital
Erzurum
About this study
Official title: A Comparison of the Efficacy of Physical Therapy and Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in the Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: a Randomized Control Study
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common of all entrapment syndromes with a prevalence of 1-5%. Electrodiagnostic testing is used to make a definite diagnosis. The mainstay of the pathophysiology of CTS includes mechanical damage to the median nerve due to build up of pressure in the carpal tunnel and nerve ischaemia. Physical therapy (PT) in particular is the conventional non-surgical treatment of choice in the management of mild to moderate CTS, resulting in pain reduction and improved function.
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is a non invasive treatment method in which high frequency sound waves are applied to the body. The mechanism of action of ESWT in the treatment of CTS remains largely unknown.
Eventhough there are many therapeutic options in the treatment of mild to moderate CTS, there is no consensus on the most effective treatment (4). ESWT has become a desirable treatment option in recent years. However, due to small patients numbers in trials to date and a lack of placebo controlled studies, the efficacy of this treatment option is still under debate. This study aims to compare the efficacy of RESWT to the recommended conventional PT modalities, including therapeutic US, in the treatment of CTS with regards to nociceptive and neuropathic pain, functionality and nerve conduction study outcomes.
Read the detailed description
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common of all entrapment syndromes with a prevalence of 1-5%. CTS describes the compression of the median nerve as it travels through the carpal tunnel of the wrist, largely resulting in sensory symptoms of paraesthesia and pain in the areas of the hand innervated by the nerve. CTS can also lead to muscle atrophy, loss of motor function and disability of the hand. Electrodiagnostic testing is used to make a definite diagnosis. The mainstay of the pathophysiology of CTS includes mechanical damage to the median nerve due to build up of pressure in the carpal tunnel and nerve ischaemia. Chronic compression of the median nerve also results in neuronal depolarisation and the release of neuropeptides such as substance P and calcitonin-gene-related peptide. These neuropeptides stimulate the release of endothelial nitric oxide thus triggering vasodilatation and neurogenic inflammation .
Management of CTS depends on disease severity. Physical therapy (PT) in particular is the conventional non-surgical treatment of choice in the management of mild to moderate CTS, resulting in pain reduction and improved function. Recommended PT modalities include laser, ultrasound and liquid paraffin therapy. US therapy in particular has given satisfactory results in the treatment of mild to moderate CTS. The biophysical effects of US have been shown to trigger nerve regeneration and healing.
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is a non invasive treatment method in which high frequency sound waves are applied to the body . ESWT can be divided into radial (RESWT) and focused (FESWT) based on the design of the reflector and resultant pressure and energy applied. Animal studies have shown that ESWT, and especially RESWT can be successfully used in the treatment of peripheral nerve lesions, improving nerve regeneration and functional activity . Human studies on its uses in the treatment of peripheral neuropathies such as interdigital neuroma, distally symmetric polyneuropathy and CTS have also given promising results . The mechanism of action of ESWT in the treatment of CTS remains largely unknown. However, it is believed that the antiinflammatory, angio- and neuro-genic, effects of ESWT encourages tissue regeneration in CTS thus reducing the patient's symptoms and promoting an improvement in function. Moreover, RESWT rather than FESWT maybe the better therapeutic option in CTS as it can be applied to a wider area, incorporating both the median nerve and surrounding tissues.
Eventhough there are many therapeutic options in the treatment of mild to moderate CTS, there is no consensus on the most effective treatment. ESWT has become a desirable treatment option in recent years. However, due to small patients numbers in trials to date and a lack of placebo controlled studies, the efficacy of this treatment option is still under debate. This study aims to compare the efficacy of RESWT to the recommended conventional PT modalities, including therapeutic US, in the treatment of CTS with regards to nociceptive and neuropathic pain, functionality and nerve conduction study outcomes.
- Conditions
- Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
- Being tested
- splint and home exercise, RESWT, physical therapy
- Keywords
- Extracorporeal shock wave therapy, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, physical therapy
- Medical subject headings
- Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
splint and home exerciseDevice
Each patient will be given a home exercise program of wrist range of motion, wrist stretch, wrist isometric strengthening and median nerve glide exercises to be performed daily for the duration of the study
RESWTDevice
Also called splint and home exercise
RESWT at a pressure of 4 bars, a frequency of 5Hz and 2000 hits in total will be applied 2cm proximal to the median nerve, with the probe directed towards the palm, diffusely over the pisiform.
physical therapyDevice
Also called splint and home exercise
20 minutes of liquid paraffin treatment of the hand, 1.5watt/cm2 therapeutic ultrasound applied to the volar surface of the wrist for 5 minutes and 20 minutes of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on five consecutive days of the week for a total of fifteen sessions over 3 weeks
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| group-1 splint and home exercise | Active comparator | Patients in group 1 will be treated with splinting of the affected hand at night and a home exercise program. A wrist orthosis which held the wrist in the neutral position will be used for splinting at night time for a minimum of eight hours. Each patient will be given a home exercise program of wrist range of motion, wrist stretch, wrist isometric strengthening and median nerve glide exercises to be performed daily for the duration of the study Receives: Device: splint and home exercise |
| group 2 RESWT | Active comparator | Patients in group 2 will be treated with splinting of the affected wrist at night, a home exercise program similar to that of group one and a total of 3 sessions of RESWT at a frequency of one session per week using the Masterpuls ® mp200 radial shock wave therapy system (Elite-Storz Medical AG, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland). RESWT at a pressure of 4 bars, a frequency of 5Hz and 2000 hits in total will be applied 2cm proximal to the median nerve, with the probe directed towards the palm, diffusely over the pisiform. Receives: Device: RESWT |
| group 3 physical therapy | Active comparator | Patients in group 3 will be treated with splinting of the affected wrist at night, a home exercise program similar to that of group one and two and 20 minutes of liquid paraffin treatment of the hand, 1.5watt/cm2 therapeutic ultrasound applied to the volar surface of the wrist for 5 minutes and 20 minutes of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on five consecutive days of the week for a total of fifteen sessions over 3 weeks. Receives: Device: physical therapy |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
The Boston carpal tunnel questionnaire (BCTQ)
This questionnaire determines symptom severity (BCTQs) and functional outcome (BCTQf) specific to CTS using a scale for each. BCTQs is determined using 11 questions each with 5 answers to choose from scored from 1 to 5 giving a BCTQs total out of 55. The higher the score the greater the symptom severity. BCTQf questions the difficulty of 8 functional activities scored from 1 to 5 giving a BCTQf total out of 40. The higher the score the worse the functional capacity
Measured: Change from Baseline BCTQ at 3 weeks post-treatment
Secondary outcomes (2)
Visual analogue scale (VAS)
The VAS provides a subjective, visual linear pain score from 0-10cm scored by the patient where 0cm is no pain (0cm is no pain and 10cm the worst pain imaginable)
Measured: Change from Baseline VAS at 3 weeks post-treatment
Leeds Assesment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS)
LANSS is a bedside test used to differentiate between nociceptive and neuropathic pain. The first part of the LANSS consists of five questions on neuropathic pain (maximum score of 16). The second part is a physical examination performed by the physician to elicit neuropathic pain. A final test score of 12 and above signifies neuropathic pain, a score below 12 signifies nociceptive pain with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 87%
Measured: Change from Baseline LANSS at 3 weeks post-treatment
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted4 Jun 2020
- Study start1 Jan 2020
- Primary completion22 Mar 2022
- Study completion22 Mar 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Carpal Tunnel SyndromeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- This study aims to compare the efficacy of RESWT to the recommended conventional PT modalities, including therapeutic US, in the treatment of CTS with regards to nociceptive and neuropathic pain, functionality and nerve conduction study outcomes.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 95 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Erzurum Regional Training & Research Hospital
- Sponsor type
- Other government
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Gonca Saglam, Erzurum Regional Training & Research Hospital
- Investigators
- Gonca Saglam, MD, Principal investigator, Erzurum Regional Traning and
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04416867
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2020/10-106
- Status last verified
- Jul 2020
- First submitted
- 22 May 2020
- Last updated
- 23 Mar 2022
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: Individual participant data that underlie the results reported in this article, after identification (text,tables,figures) will be made available
Publications
Kim JC, Jung SH, Lee SU, Lee SY. Effect of extracorporeal shockwave therapy on carpal tunnel syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Aug;98(33):e16870. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000016870.
PubMed 31415424Vahdatpour B, Kiyani A, Dehghan F. Effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on the treatment of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. Adv Biomed Res. 2016 Jul 29;5:120. doi: 10.4103/2277-9175.186983. eCollection 2016.
PubMed 27563630Paoloni M, Tavernese E, Cacchio A, D'orazi V, Ioppolo F, Fini M, Santilli V, Mangone M. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy and ultrasound therapy improve pain and function in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. A randomized controlled trial. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2015 Oct;51(5):521-8. Epub 2015 Feb 20.
PubMed 25697763
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 23 Mar 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Comparison of the Efficacy of Physical Therapy and Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in the Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: a Randomized Control Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04416867
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2020/10-106
- Conditions
- Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
- Keywords
- Extracorporeal shock wave therapy, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, physical therapy
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 95 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Erzurum Regional Training & Research HospitalOther government
- Study start
- 1 Jan 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 22 Mar 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 22 Mar 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 4 Jun 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common of all entrapment syndromes with a prevalence of 1-5%. Electrodiagnostic testing is used to make a definite diagnosis. The mainstay of the pathophysiology of CTS includes mechanical damage to the median nerve due to build up of pressure in the carpal tunnel and nerve ischaemia. Physical therapy (PT) in particular is the conventional non-surgical treatment of choice in the management of mild to moderate CTS, resulting in pain reduction and improved function.
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is a non invasive treatment method in which high frequency sound waves are applied to the body. The mechanism of action of ESWT in the treatment of CTS remains largely unknown.
Eventhough there are many therapeutic options in the treatment of mild to moderate CTS, there is no consensus on the most effective treatment (4). ESWT has become a desirable treatment option in recent years. However, due to small patients numbers in trials to date and a lack of placebo controlled studies, the efficacy of this treatment option is still under debate. This study aims to compare the efficacy of RESWT to the recommended conventional PT modalities, including therapeutic US, in the treatment of CTS with regards to nociceptive and neuropathic pain, functionality and nerve conduction study outcomes.
Detailed description
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common of all entrapment syndromes with a prevalence of 1-5%. CTS describes the compression of the median nerve as it travels through the carpal tunnel of the wrist, largely resulting in sensory symptoms of paraesthesia and pain in the areas of the hand innervated by the nerve. CTS can also lead to muscle atrophy, loss of motor function and disability of the hand. Electrodiagnostic testing is used to make a definite diagnosis. The mainstay of the pathophysiology of CTS includes mechanical damage to the median nerve due to build up of pressure in the carpal tunnel and nerve ischaemia. Chronic compression of the median nerve also results in neuronal depolarisation and the release of neuropeptides such as substance P and calcitonin-gene-related peptide. These neuropeptides stimulate the release of endothelial nitric oxide thus triggering vasodilatation and neurogenic inflammation .
Management of CTS depends on disease severity. Physical therapy (PT) in particular is the conventional non-surgical treatment of choice in the management of mild to moderate CTS, resulting in pain reduction and improved function. Recommended PT modalities include laser, ultrasound and liquid paraffin therapy. US therapy in particular has given satisfactory results in the treatment of mild to moderate CTS. The biophysical effects of US have been shown to trigger nerve regeneration and healing.
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is a non invasive treatment method in which high frequency sound waves are applied to the body . ESWT can be divided into radial (RESWT) and focused (FESWT) based on the design of the reflector and resultant pressure and energy applied. Animal studies have shown that ESWT, and especially RESWT can be successfully used in the treatment of peripheral nerve lesions, improving nerve regeneration and functional activity . Human studies on its uses in the treatment of peripheral neuropathies such as interdigital neuroma, distally symmetric polyneuropathy and CTS have also given promising results . The mechanism of action of ESWT in the treatment of CTS remains largely unknown. However, it is believed that the antiinflammatory, angio- and neuro-genic, effects of ESWT encourages tissue regeneration in CTS thus reducing the patient's symptoms and promoting an improvement in function. Moreover, RESWT rather than FESWT maybe the better therapeutic option in CTS as it can be applied to a wider area, incorporating both the median nerve and surrounding tissues.
Eventhough there are many therapeutic options in the treatment of mild to moderate CTS, there is no consensus on the most effective treatment. ESWT has become a desirable treatment option in recent years. However, due to small patients numbers in trials to date and a lack of placebo controlled studies, the efficacy of this treatment option is still under debate. This study aims to compare the efficacy of RESWT to the recommended conventional PT modalities, including therapeutic US, in the treatment of CTS with regards to nociceptive and neuropathic pain, functionality and nerve conduction study outcomes.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
- Model description
- This study aims to compare the efficacy of RESWT to the recommended conventional PT modalities, including therapeutic US, in the treatment of CTS with regards to nociceptive and neuropathic pain, functionality and nerve conduction study outcomes.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| group-1 splint and home exercise | Active comparator | Device: splint and home exercisePatients in group 1 will be treated with splinting of the affected hand at night and a home exercise program. A wrist orthosis which held the wrist in the neutral position will be used for splinting at night time for a minimum of eight hours. Each patient will be given a home exercise program of wrist range of motion, wrist stretch, wrist isometric strengthening and median nerve glide exercises to be performed daily for the duration of the study |
| group 2 RESWT | Active comparator | Device: RESWTPatients in group 2 will be treated with splinting of the affected wrist at night, a home exercise program similar to that of group one and a total of 3 sessions of RESWT at a frequency of one session per week using the Masterpuls ® mp200 radial shock wave therapy system (Elite-Storz Medical AG, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland). RESWT at a pressure of 4 bars, a frequency of 5Hz and 2000 hits in total will be applied 2cm proximal to the median nerve, with the probe directed towards the palm, diffusely over the pisiform. |
| group 3 physical therapy | Active comparator | Device: physical therapyPatients in group 3 will be treated with splinting of the affected wrist at night, a home exercise program similar to that of group one and two and 20 minutes of liquid paraffin treatment of the hand, 1.5watt/cm2 therapeutic ultrasound applied to the volar surface of the wrist for 5 minutes and 20 minutes of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on five consecutive days of the week for a total of fifteen sessions over 3 weeks. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Patients have symptoms of CTS for more than three months with physical examination and electrophysiological findings consistent with mild to moderate CTS
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Presence of other sensory or motor neuropathies
- History of surgery, trauma or fracture of the index hand and wrist
- History of corticosteroid injection or PT of the index wrist within the past three months.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| splint and home exerciseEach patient will be given a home exercise program of wrist range of motion, wrist stretch, wrist isometric strengthening and median nerve glide exercises to be performed daily for the duration of the study | Device | group-1 splint and home exercise |
| RESWTAlso: splint and home exerciseRESWT at a pressure of 4 bars, a frequency of 5Hz and 2000 hits in total will be applied 2cm proximal to the median nerve, with the probe directed towards the palm, diffusely over the pisiform. | Device | group 2 RESWT |
| physical therapyAlso: splint and home exercise20 minutes of liquid paraffin treatment of the hand, 1.5watt/cm2 therapeutic ultrasound applied to the volar surface of the wrist for 5 minutes and 20 minutes of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on five consecutive days of the week for a total of fifteen sessions over 3 weeks | Device | group 3 physical therapy |
Primary outcome
The Boston carpal tunnel questionnaire (BCTQ)
Time frame: Change from Baseline BCTQ at 3 weeks post-treatment
This questionnaire determines symptom severity (BCTQs) and functional outcome (BCTQf) specific to CTS using a scale for each. BCTQs is determined using 11 questions each with 5 answers to choose from scored from 1 to 5 giving a BCTQs total out of 55. The higher the score the greater the symptom severity. BCTQf questions the difficulty of 8 functional activities scored from 1 to 5 giving a BCTQf total out of 40. The higher the score the worse the functional capacity
2 secondary outcomes
Visual analogue scale (VAS)
Time frame: Change from Baseline VAS at 3 weeks post-treatment
Leeds Assesment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS)
Time frame: Change from Baseline LANSS at 3 weeks post-treatment
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 23 Mar 2022.
- Background: PubMed 31415424Kim JC, Jung SH, Lee SU, Lee SY. Effect of extracorporeal shockwave therapy on carpal tunnel syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Aug;98(33):e16870. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000016870.
- Background: PubMed 27563630Vahdatpour B, Kiyani A, Dehghan F. Effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on the treatment of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. Adv Biomed Res. 2016 Jul 29;5:120. doi: 10.4103/2277-9175.186983. eCollection 2016.
- Background: PubMed 25697763Paoloni M, Tavernese E, Cacchio A, D'orazi V, Ioppolo F, Fini M, Santilli V, Mangone M. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy and ultrasound therapy improve pain and function in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. A randomized controlled trial. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2015 Oct;51(5):521-8. Epub 2015 Feb 20.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. Individual participant data that underlie the results reported in this article, after identification (text,tables,figures) will be made available
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Gonca Saglam, MD principal investigator
Erzurum Regional Traning and
2 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing splint and home exercise, RESWT and physical therapy in people with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, run by Erzurum Regional Training & Research Hospital at 2 sites in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 23 Mar 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
The Boston carpal tunnel questionnaire (BCTQ) (time frame: Change from Baseline BCTQ at 3 weeks post-treatment). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04416867, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 23 Mar 2022.