Thyroid CarcinomaNCT04411290
Malignancy Predictors, Bethesda and TI-RADS Scores Correlated With Final Histopathology in Thyroid Diseases
An observational study of Thyroid Carcinoma and Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma, run by Umraniye Education and Research Hospital at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
In the last decades, thyroid cancer incidence has continuously increased all over the world, almost exclusively due to a sharp rise in the incidence of the papillary histologic subtype, which has the highest incidence of multifocality. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 17 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Thyroid Carcinoma, Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma, Multinodular Goiter, Adolescent
- What is being tested?
- Total thyroidectomy (TT)
- Type of treatment
- Surgery or procedure
- How many people
- 200 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 15 May 2020to 1 Jun 2021
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 17 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Study population: Patients with benign or malign thyroid disease, eligable for total thyroidectomy
Who may be able to join
- >17 years all patients with benign/malign thyroid disease, total thyroidectomy is indicated/preferred by both primary surgeon and patient (signed informed consent is a must)
- All patients should have a malignancy predictive factors forms filled in
- All patients should have fine needle aspiration cytology (Bethesda category) available
- All patients should have an ultrasound evaluated according to TI-RADS
- All patients should have a final histopathology report
Who cannot join
- Patients who are prepared for thyroid surgery other than total thyroidectomy procedure
- Age<17 years
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Umraniye Education and Research Hospital, Health Sciences Universit
Istanbul, 34764
About this study
Official title: Correlation of Malignancy Predictors, Bethesda (I-VI) and TI-RADS Scores (I-V) With Final Histopathology in Patients Undergoing Total Thyroidectomy 34 Years After Chernobyl Disaster: Multi-centric Trial
In the last decades, thyroid cancer incidence has continuously increased all over the world, almost exclusively due to a sharp rise in the incidence of the papillary histologic subtype, which has the highest incidence of multifocality. Furthermore, Black Sea and Eastern European regions are both endemic and known to have been under the influence of Chernobyl nuclear explosion. Although overscreening might have a role in certain parts of the world, the predictors of malignancy such as family history, genetical disorders, previous radiation exposure, low iodine intake, diabetes and obesity, should also be taken into consideration in determining the extent of surgery.
Read the detailed description
High-frequency ultrasound (US) is increasingly used to help distinguish malignancy in patients with solitary or multiple nodules, and US-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) has become the gold standard test for detecting thyroid cancer. Moreover, a further US-based risk stratification of thyroid nodules with Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) has been currently proposed for better and easier decision making. However, the presence of multiple nodules in the thyroid gland may decrease the diagnostic value of these preoperative diagnostic tools. The prevalence of incidental carcinoma identified on the final histological examination of the patients who underwent surgery for presumably benign thyroid diseases was previously reported to be roughly around 5 to 10%. Most of the previous studies also showed a lower risk of carcinoma in multinodular goitre (MNG) compared to solitary thyroid nodule (STN). However, some recent surgical series have reported that the risk of thyroid carcinoma in benign thyroid diseases is significantly higher than previously reported.
The purpose of the present study is to detect the accuracy of preoperative cytology and US-findings (TI-RADS) and the prevalence of thyroid carcinoma in patients operated for thyroid diseases and to discuss all malignancy risk factors in detail along with final histopathological report. Cytology-histology discrepant cases will also be further evaluated for sampling and interpretation errors, and possible solutions to increase the accuracy of preop testing are going to be proposed. The accuracy of the preference of total thyroidectomy procedure will be evaluated considering the prevalence of incidental carcinomas diagnosed postoperatively, and whether there are variations in the risk of malignancy with respect to final pathology of patients will also be discussed in detail.
- Conditions
- Thyroid Carcinoma, Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma, Multinodular Goiter, Adolescent, Solitary Thyroid Nodule, Thyroid Diseases, Multifocal Dysplasia
- Being tested
- Total thyroidectomy (TT)
- Keywords
- Total Thyroidectomy, Black Sea, Eastern Europe, Radiation, Endemic, Fine needle aspiration (FNA), Multifocality, Bethesda, Cytology, Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS), International, Multi-centric, Multicentric study
- Medical subject headings
- Thyroid Neoplasms, Thyroid Cancer, Papillary, Euthyroid Goiter, Thyroid Diseases, Thyroid Nodule, Goiter, Burkitt Lymphoma
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Total thyroidectomy (TT)Procedure or surgery
Final total thyroidectomy histopathology report should be available for correlations with preoperatively determined malignancy predictive factors, Bethesda (cytology) and TI-RADS (ultrasound findings)
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Total Thyroidectomy (TT)-indicated patients | Patients with presumably benign thyroid disease (multinodular goitre, solitary thyroid nodule, toxic goitre, etc.) Patients with thyroid carcinoma (biopsy-proved) Total thyroidectomy preference by the primary surgeon Receives: Procedure: Total thyroidectomy (TT) |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Preoperative Evaluation of Malignancy Risk Factors-How many risk factors are present?
Malignancy risk factors: 1. Demographics (Age and gender-Male/Female), 2. Smoking history (Yes/No, duration and number/day), 3. Iodine-deficient diet (Yes/No), 4. Born at an endemic area (Yes/No), 5. Presence in an endemic area (Yes/No), 6. Radiation exposure (Yes/No), 7. Radiation treatment during childhood (Yes/No), 8. Head and neck carcinoma (Yes/No), 9. Other carcinoma history (Yes/No, if yes specify.........) 10. Family history of thyroid disease (Yes/No), 11. Family history of other carcinomas (Yes/No), 12. Personal history of thyroid carcinoma/surgery (Yes/No, if yes, pathology……..), 13. Personal history of other carcinomas (e.g. colonic polyps? breast disease?......) 14. Genetic disorders (Yes/No), 15. Obesity (Body mass index - ? kg/m2), 16. Diabetes mellitus (Yes/No) should be evaluated for each patient before surgery- The number of risk factors will be compared with malignancy rate found at final histopathology report.
Measured: 12 months
Preoperative Bethesda category, Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology report
Bethesda score-FNA cytology report- as I, II, III, IV, V or VI. Cytology report will be compared with final histology report for each patient for malşgnancy rate and multifocality I. Nondiagnostic or unsatisfactory, II. Benign, III. Atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) or follicular lesion of undetermined significance (FLUS), IV. Follicular neoplasm or suspicious for a follicular neoplasm-Preoperative cytology category will be compared with postoperative final histopathology report for malignancy rate, multifocality and cases with cytology-histopathology discrepancy will be evaluated further for biopsy techniques and cytology mis-interpretations.
- Suspicious for malignancy, VI. Malignant.
Measured: 12 months
Preoperative ultrasound evaluation with Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS)
TI-RADS score-Ultrasound evaluation of thyroid nodues- as I, II, III, IV or V. TI-RADS scores will be compared with final histopathology report to see malignancy rates and accuracy of TI-RADS.
TI-RADS 1: Normal thyroid gland. No focal lesion. TI-RADS 2: Benign nodules. Noticeably benign pattern (0% risk of malignancy) TI-RADS 3: Probably benign nodules (<5% risk of malignancy)
TI-RADS 4:
- 4a - Undetermined nodules (5-10% risk of malignancy) Score of 1.
- 4b - Suspicious nodules (10-50% risk of malignancy) Score of 2.
- 4c - Highly suspicious nodules (50-85% risk of malignancy) Score of 3-4 TI-RADS 5: Probably malignant nodules (>85% risk of malignancy) Score of 5 or higher TI-RADS 6: Biopsy-proven malignancy
Measured: 12 months
Total thyroidectomy for both benign and malign thyroid diseases
Final histopathology report-After surgery (all patients should have a final histopathology report after total thyroidectomy operation). Final histology report will be correlated to Malignancy risk factors (number), Bethesda category (accuracy, false negativity/positivity) and TI-RADS (accuracy, false negativity/positivity)
Measured: 12 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted2 Jun 2020
- Study start15 May 2020
- Primary completion1 Jun 2021 (estimated)
- Study completion1 Jun 2021 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Thyroid CarcinomaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 200 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Umraniye Education and Research Hospital
- Sponsor type
- Other government
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Ethem Unal, M.D., PhD, Associate Prof of Surgery & Surgic, Umraniye Education and Research Hospital
- Investigators
- Ethem UNAL, MD, PhD, Study chair, Assoc. Professor of General Surgery and Surgical OncologySema YUKSEKDAG, MD, Principal investigator, Instructor in General Surgery
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04411290
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- B.10.1.TKH.4.34.H.GP.0.01/172
- Status last verified
- May 2020
- First submitted
- 15 May 2020
- Last updated
- 2 Jun 2020
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: All Excel documents will be available (Patient initials and medical record numbers shaded XX). Demographics, BMI, malignancy risk factors, Bethesda and TI-RADS scores and final histopathology reports
Publications
Delfim RLC, Veiga LCGD, Vidal APA, Lopes FPPL, Vaisman M, Teixeira PFDS. Likelihood of malignancy in thyroid nodules according to a proposed Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) classification merging suspicious and benign ultrasound features. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2017 May-Jun;61(3):211-221. doi: 10.1590/2359-3997000000262. Epub 2017 Mar 27.
PubMed 28699990Tufano RP, Noureldine SI, Angelos P. Incidental thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer: considerations before determining management. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015 Jun;141(6):566-72. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2015.0647.
PubMed 25928353Tan H, Li Z, Li N, Qian J, Fan F, Zhong H, Feng J, Xu H, Li Z. Thyroid imaging reporting and data system combined with Bethesda classification in qualitative thyroid nodule diagnosis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Dec;98(50):e18320. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000018320.
PubMed 31852120
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 2 Jun 2020. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Correlation of Malignancy Predictors, Bethesda (I-VI) and TI-RADS Scores (I-V) With Final Histopathology in Patients Undergoing Total Thyroidectomy 34 Years After Chernobyl Disaster: Multi-centric Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04411290
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- B.10.1.TKH.4.34.H.GP.0.01/172
- Conditions
- Thyroid Carcinoma, Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma, Multinodular Goiter, Adolescent, Solitary Thyroid Nodule, Thyroid Diseases, Multifocal Dysplasia
- Keywords
- Total Thyroidectomy, Black Sea, Eastern Europe, Radiation, Endemic, Fine needle aspiration (FNA), Multifocality, Bethesda
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 200 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Umraniye Education and Research HospitalOther government
- Study start
- 15 May 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Jun 2021 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 1 Jun 2021 (estimated)
- First posted
- 2 Jun 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
In the last decades, thyroid cancer incidence has continuously increased all over the world, almost exclusively due to a sharp rise in the incidence of the papillary histologic subtype, which has the highest incidence of multifocality. Furthermore, Black Sea and Eastern European regions are both endemic and known to have been under the influence of Chernobyl nuclear explosion. Although overscreening might have a role in certain parts of the world, the predictors of malignancy such as family history, genetical disorders, previous radiation exposure, low iodine intake, diabetes and obesity, should also be taken into consideration in determining the extent of surgery.
Detailed description
High-frequency ultrasound (US) is increasingly used to help distinguish malignancy in patients with solitary or multiple nodules, and US-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) has become the gold standard test for detecting thyroid cancer. Moreover, a further US-based risk stratification of thyroid nodules with Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) has been currently proposed for better and easier decision making. However, the presence of multiple nodules in the thyroid gland may decrease the diagnostic value of these preoperative diagnostic tools. The prevalence of incidental carcinoma identified on the final histological examination of the patients who underwent surgery for presumably benign thyroid diseases was previously reported to be roughly around 5 to 10%. Most of the previous studies also showed a lower risk of carcinoma in multinodular goitre (MNG) compared to solitary thyroid nodule (STN). However, some recent surgical series have reported that the risk of thyroid carcinoma in benign thyroid diseases is significantly higher than previously reported.
The purpose of the present study is to detect the accuracy of preoperative cytology and US-findings (TI-RADS) and the prevalence of thyroid carcinoma in patients operated for thyroid diseases and to discuss all malignancy risk factors in detail along with final histopathological report. Cytology-histology discrepant cases will also be further evaluated for sampling and interpretation errors, and possible solutions to increase the accuracy of preop testing are going to be proposed. The accuracy of the preference of total thyroidectomy procedure will be evaluated considering the prevalence of incidental carcinomas diagnosed postoperatively, and whether there are variations in the risk of malignancy with respect to final pathology of patients will also be discussed in detail.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Total Thyroidectomy (TT)-indicated patients | – | Procedure: Total thyroidectomy (TT)Patients with presumably benign thyroid disease (multinodular goitre, solitary thyroid nodule, toxic goitre, etc.) Patients with thyroid carcinoma (biopsy-proved) Total thyroidectomy preference by the primary surgeon |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 17 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Patients with benign or malign thyroid disease, eligable for total thyroidectomy
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- >17 years all patients with benign/malign thyroid disease, total thyroidectomy is indicated/preferred by both primary surgeon and patient (signed informed consent is a must)
- All patients should have a malignancy predictive factors forms filled in
- All patients should have fine needle aspiration cytology (Bethesda category) available
- All patients should have an ultrasound evaluated according to TI-RADS
- All patients should have a final histopathology report
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Patients who are prepared for thyroid surgery other than total thyroidectomy procedure
- Age<17 years
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Total thyroidectomy (TT)Final total thyroidectomy histopathology report should be available for correlations with preoperatively determined malignancy predictive factors, Bethesda (cytology) and TI-RADS (ultrasound findings) | Procedure or surgery | Total Thyroidectomy (TT)-indicated patients |
Primary outcome
Preoperative Evaluation of Malignancy Risk Factors-How many risk factors are present?
Time frame: 12 months
Malignancy risk factors: 1. Demographics (Age and gender-Male/Female), 2. Smoking history (Yes/No, duration and number/day), 3. Iodine-deficient diet (Yes/No), 4. Born at an endemic area (Yes/No), 5. Presence in an endemic area (Yes/No), 6. Radiation exposure (Yes/No), 7. Radiation treatment during childhood (Yes/No), 8. Head and neck carcinoma (Yes/No), 9. Other carcinoma history (Yes/No, if yes specify.........) 10. Family history of thyroid disease (Yes/No), 11. Family history of other carcinomas (Yes/No), 12. Personal history of thyroid carcinoma/surgery (Yes/No, if yes, pathology……..), 13. Personal history of other carcinomas (e.g. colonic polyps? breast disease?......) 14. Genetic disorders (Yes/No), 15. Obesity (Body mass index - ? kg/m2), 16. Diabetes mellitus (Yes/No) should be evaluated for each patient before surgery- The number of risk factors will be compared with malignancy rate found at final histopathology report.
Preoperative Bethesda category, Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology report
Time frame: 12 months
Bethesda score-FNA cytology report- as I, II, III, IV, V or VI. Cytology report will be compared with final histology report for each patient for malşgnancy rate and multifocality I. Nondiagnostic or unsatisfactory, II. Benign, III. Atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) or follicular lesion of undetermined significance (FLUS), IV. Follicular neoplasm or suspicious for a follicular neoplasm-Preoperative cytology category will be compared with postoperative final histopathology report for malignancy rate, multifocality and cases with cytology-histopathology discrepancy will be evaluated further for biopsy techniques and cytology mis-interpretations. V. Suspicious for malignancy, VI. Malignant.
Preoperative ultrasound evaluation with Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS)
Time frame: 12 months
TI-RADS score-Ultrasound evaluation of thyroid nodues- as I, II, III, IV or V. TI-RADS scores will be compared with final histopathology report to see malignancy rates and accuracy of TI-RADS. TI-RADS 1: Normal thyroid gland. No focal lesion. TI-RADS 2: Benign nodules. Noticeably benign pattern (0% risk of malignancy) TI-RADS 3: Probably benign nodules (<5% risk of malignancy) TI-RADS 4: * 4a - Undetermined nodules (5-10% risk of malignancy) Score of 1. * 4b - Suspicious nodules (10-50% risk of malignancy) Score of 2. * 4c - Highly suspicious nodules (50-85% risk of malignancy) Score of 3-4 TI-RADS 5: Probably malignant nodules (>85% risk of malignancy) Score of 5 or higher TI-RADS 6: Biopsy-proven malignancy
Total thyroidectomy for both benign and malign thyroid diseases
Time frame: 12 months
Final histopathology report-After surgery (all patients should have a final histopathology report after total thyroidectomy operation). Final histology report will be correlated to Malignancy risk factors (number), Bethesda category (accuracy, false negativity/positivity) and TI-RADS (accuracy, false negativity/positivity)
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 2 Jun 2020.
- Results publication: PubMed 28699990Delfim RLC, Veiga LCGD, Vidal APA, Lopes FPPL, Vaisman M, Teixeira PFDS. Likelihood of malignancy in thyroid nodules according to a proposed Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) classification merging suspicious and benign ultrasound features. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2017 May-Jun;61(3):211-221. doi: 10.1590/2359-3997000000262. Epub 2017 Mar 27.
- Results publication: PubMed 25928353Tufano RP, Noureldine SI, Angelos P. Incidental thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer: considerations before determining management. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015 Jun;141(6):566-72. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2015.0647.
- Results publication: PubMed 31852120Tan H, Li Z, Li N, Qian J, Fan F, Zhong H, Feng J, Xu H, Li Z. Thyroid imaging reporting and data system combined with Bethesda classification in qualitative thyroid nodule diagnosis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Dec;98(50):e18320. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000018320.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. All Excel documents will be available (Patient initials and medical record numbers shaded XX). Demographics, BMI, malignancy risk factors, Bethesda and TI-RADS scores and final histopathology reports
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Ethem UNAL, MD, PhD study chair
Assoc. Professor of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology
Sema YUKSEKDAG, MD principal investigator
Instructor in General Surgery
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Thyroid Carcinoma and Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma, run by Umraniye Education and Research Hospital at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 2 Jun 2020. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Preoperative Evaluation of Malignancy Risk Factors-How many risk factors are present? (time frame: 12 months). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04411290, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 2 Jun 2020; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 7 Nov 2026.