ESRDNCT04401358
Smell, Taste, Salivary Flow, and Oral Health in Patient Receiving Dialysis: A Before and After Study.
An observational study of ESRD, run by National Taiwan University Hospital at 1 site in Taiwan.
Trial summary
Studies show that the change of smell and taste, also dry mouth are the most common symptoms in end stage renal disease patients, the accumulation of uremic toxins would damage the intrinsinc antioxidant systems of the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb, which leads to smell dysfunction compared to healthy group. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 20 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- ESRD
- How many people
- 75 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTaiwan
- Study dates
- 4 May 2020to 5 May 2021
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 20 years and older
- All sexes
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: Patients who are diagnosed with end stage renal disease (eGFR<15ml/min/1.73m2) but haven't been under hemodialysis yet.
Who may be able to join
- Diagnosed with end-stage renal disease (eGFR<15ml/min/1.73m2) but haven't been under hemodialysis yet.
- Over 20 years old.
- Able to interact with instructions and communicate with others
Who cannot join
- 1. Those who have diseases such as Parkinson's disease, hypothyroidism, Sjögren's syndrome, under chemotherapy or radiotherapy, head and neck tumor, took head and neck surgery, unconsciousness, and cognitive dysfunction.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Smell, Taste, Salivary Flow, and Oral Health in Patient Receiving Dialysis: A Before and After Study
Studies show that the change of smell and taste, also dry mouth are the most common symptoms in end stage renal disease patients, the accumulation of uremic toxins would damage the intrinsinc antioxidant systems of the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb, which leads to smell dysfunction compared to healthy group. Previous studies show different results about if getting rid of uremic toxins would help improve smell, even if they say olfactory identification is improved after hemodialysis episode, but there's no short term reliability of Sniffin'sticks to prove the credibility of the findings. Reduction of the whole saliva and unstimulated salivary flow rate cause dry mouth, also change oral environment, which makes dental plaque easily attach to teeth. And the accumulation of uremic in oral cavity causes oral odor, plus lack of zinc iron and reduction of saliva would affect the tastants transferred to its receptors which leads to taste dysfunction. Besides, when the patients has olfactory dysfunction, the taste will be affected as well, plus the accumulation of uremic toxin in the oral cavity also stops the conjunction of smell and taste receptors which affects taste. To understand smell, taste and oral condition in end stage renal disease patients, and due to there's no short term reliability of Sniffin'sticks, plus it's expensive and time-consuming to implement the taste assessment tool. Thus the main purpose of this study is: 1. To investigate smell and taste function, salivary secretion, oral condition, plaque index and dry mouth in end stage renal disease patients who haven't been under hemodialysis. 2. To investigate the short term reliability of Sniffin'sticks, the measuring tool of olfactory with 3-4 hours interval. 3. To investigate if Taste and Smell Survey could be the tool which detects abnormality of taste 4. To investigate the change of smell, taste and salivary secretion within 24 hours after the first episode of hemodialysis.
Read the detailed description
This is a smell, taste and oral health in patients receiving before and after hemodialysis study. End stage renal disease patients who haven't been under hemodialysis will be screened for enrollment at the nephrology department in National Taiwan University Hospital. Patients have to be over 20 years old who are diagnosed with end stage renal disease(eGFR<15ml/min/1.73m2) but haven't been under hemodialysis yet. Expected 85 patients will be enrolled according to power analysis, those who have the diseases such as Parkinson's disease, hypothyroidism, Sjögren's syndrome, under chemotherapy or radiotherapy, history of head and neck tumour and surgery, and patients who unable to response to evaluate protocal.
We will first use Montreal Cognitive Assessment to screen patient's cognitive function, for those scored 23.5 and higher, a full evaluation will be conducted at two points in before dialysis and afterward. The full evaluation before dialysis include 1.The difference of smell, taste, salivary secretion, oral assessment guide, plaque index and xerostomia on end stage renal disease patients before and after hemodialysis. 2.Investigating the reliability of olfactory identification by using Sniffin'sticks within 2 to 4 hours. 3.Investigating the correlation between taste questionnaire and taste strips. 4.Salivary flow rate. 5.Oral Assessment Guide. 6.Plaque Index. 7.Taste threshold sensitivity.
The evaluation after dialysis involved 1.The olfactory identification 2. Salivary flow 3. Taste threshold sensitivity.For patients who get score lower than 23.5 from Montreal Cognitive Assessment, we'll skip the test of olfactory and taste .Data will be analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics using R studio statistic software.
- Conditions
- ESRD
- Keywords
- ESRD, Renal Dialysis, olfaction, Sniffin' sticks, MoCA, taste, Taste strips, modified Schirmer's test, OAG, Plaque Index, Xerostomia Inventory
- Medical subject headings
- Kidney Failure, Chronic, Anosmia
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Olfactory identification score in ESRD patients before the first dialysis
The Sniffin' sticks identification test measured the patient's olfactory identification . The test consists of felt pens, the tips of which are impregnated with 4 mL of odorant fluid or odorant substance dissolved in propylene glycol, and an antibacterial agent. There were 16 odorant pens in the test, for each odorant pen, the subject must make a forced choice from a list of 4 written proposals. The test scored from 1 to 16, normosmia to be defined as a score higher than the 10th percentile of the distribution of normal values of the study population according to gender and age.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year.
Sniffin' sticks identification retest
Though the sniffin'sticks test provided good reliability, but the time interval is 7-10 days, the short term of reliability hadn't been confirmed, hence we want to test a short term interval within 2 hours. The test will be done again 2 hours after the first outcome.
Measured: The test will be done again 2 hours after the first outcome.
The change of olfactory identification score in ESRD patients after the first dialysis
The Sniffin' sticks identification test measured the patient's olfactory identification. The test consists of felt pens, the tips of which are impregnated with 4 mL of odorant fluid or odorant substance dissolved in propylene glycol, and an antibacterial agent. There were 16 odorant pens in the test, for each odorant pen, the subject must make a forced choice from a list of 4 written proposals. The test scored from 1 to 16, normosmia to be defined as a score higher than the 10th percentile of the distribution of normal values of the study population according to gender and age.
Measured: Change of olfactory identification score after the first dialysis. Through study completion, an average of 1 year.
Taste strips in ESRD patients before the first dialysis
There are total 16 items, each has one point scale to access taste abnormality. The total score is from 0 to 16, when below 12 will be considered as taste abnormality.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year.
Taste questionnaire
There are total 9 items, among eight items have one point scale and one item has one sclae point. The questionnaire total score is from 0 to 10, for evaluate the subjective taste function and compared to taste strip score.
Measured: Only assessing patient who hasn't received hemodialysis yet. Patient is asked to fill out taste questionnaire, which takes 10 minutes.
Unstimulated Salivary Flow Rate in ESRD patients before the first dialysis
Patient is asked to spit out all the saliva and to sit in semi-fowler's position, Whatman 41 test strip is then placed under patient's tongue. Read the result after 3 minutes. (the unit is mm/min)
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year.
Oral Assessment Guide in ESRD patients before the first dialysis
There are 8 items in this guide, each has a 3 points scale to assess oral health condition and oral function, which includes: voice, swallowing, lips, tongue, saliva, buccal mucous membrane, labial mucous membrane, and gingiva. One point means normal, two means mild change, while three means moderate to severe change. The higher of the total score, the more serious of oral mucositis.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year.
Plaque Index
First, applying vaseline onto patient's lips to avoid their lips being dyed by the plaque disclosing agent, then applying plaque disclosing solution onto both facial and lingual surfaces of patient's teeth, later asking patient to gargle for 30 seconds. All teeth assessed except third molars, score form 0 to 5 is given according to the scoring criteria, and each side of tooth gets a score, the total score divides the number of surfaces examined is the index. An index of 0 or 1 is considered low while of 2 or more is considered high.
Measured: Only assessing patient who hasn't received hemodialysis yet. When Oral Assessment Guide is done, using plaque disclosing agent along with the scoring criteria to evaluate patient's plaque index, which takes 15 minutes.
Xerostomia Inventory
11-items each using 5 points Likert scale are summated to represent the severity of chronic xerostomia; higher scores represent more severe symptoms.
Measured: Only assessing patient who hasn't received hemodialysis yet. Patient is asked to fill out Xerostomia Inventory, which takes 5 minutes.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted26 May 2020
- Study start4 May 2020
- Primary completion5 May 2021
- Study completion5 May 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (21)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for ESRDStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by National Taiwan University HospitalThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 75 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- National Taiwan University Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04401358
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 202002115RINC
- Status last verified
- Oct 2021
- First submitted
- 13 Apr 2020
- Last updated
- 23 Aug 2022
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Publications
Al-yassiri, A. M. H. (2014). Prevalence of xerostomia in patients with chronic hemodialysis in Babil city. Kerbala Jorunal of Medicine, 7(1), 1822-1828.
Babaee, N., Sales, M., Ghazimirsaeed, A. M., & Moghadamnia, A. A. (2014). Xerostomia in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure Undergoing Hemodialysis. Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences, 16(10), 15-22.
Bossola M, Tazza L. Xerostomia in patients on chronic hemodialysis. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2012 Jan 17;8(3):176-82. doi: 10.1038/nrneph.2011.218.
PubMed 22249779Chen A, Wai Y, Lee L, Lake S, Woo SB. Using the modified Schirmer test to measure mouth dryness: a preliminary study. J Am Dent Assoc. 2005 Feb;136(2):164-70; quiz 229-30. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.2005.0137.
PubMed 15782519Delli K, Spijkervet FK, Kroese FG, Bootsma H, Vissink A. Xerostomia. Monogr Oral Sci. 2014;24:109-25. doi: 10.1159/000358792. Epub 2014 May 23.
PubMed 24862599Edgar, W. M., O'Mullane, D. M., & Dawes, C. (Eds.). (2004). Saliva and oral health (Vol. 146). London: British Dental Association.
Eilers J, Berger AM, Petersen MC. Development, testing, and application of the oral assessment guide. Oncol Nurs Forum. 1988 May-Jun;15(3):325-30. No abstract available.
PubMed 3287344Escobar, A., & Aitken-Saavedra, J. P. (2018). Xerostomia: An Update of Causes and Treatments. In Salivary Glands-New Approaches in Diagnostics and Treatment. IntechOpen.
Fan WF, Zhang Q, Luo LH, Niu JY, Gu Y. Study on the clinical significance and related factors of thirst and xerostomia in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2013;37(4-5):464-74. doi: 10.1159/000355717. Epub 2013 Oct 22.
PubMed 24247643Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Hepatitis C Work Group. KDIGO 2018 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Prevention, Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Hepatitis C in Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int Suppl (2011). 2018 Oct;8(3):91-165. doi: 10.1016/j.kisu.2018.06.001. Epub 2018 Sep 19. No abstract available.
PubMed 30675443Konstantinova, D., Nenova-Nogalcheva, A., Pechalova, P., Pancheva, R., & Andonova, D. (2017). Xerostomia as a Contributing Factor for Taste Distortion in Patients Undergoing Chronic Dialysis Treatment. American Research Journal of Dentistry, 1, 6.
Lopez-Jornet P, Bermejo-Fenoll A, Bagan-Sebastian JV, Pascual-Gomez E. Comparison of a new test for the measurement of resting whole saliva with the draining and the swab techniques. Braz Dent J. 1996;7(2):81-6.
PubMed 9206358Manley KJ. Saliva composition and upper gastrointestinal symptoms in chronic kidney disease. J Ren Care. 2014 Sep;40(3):172-9. doi: 10.1111/jorc.12062. Epub 2014 Mar 20.
PubMed 24650153Mercadante V, Al Hamad A, Lodi G, Porter S, Fedele S. Interventions for the management of radiotherapy-induced xerostomia and hyposalivation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Oncol. 2017 Mar;66:64-74. doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.12.031. Epub 2017 Jan 19.
PubMed 28249650Mortazavi H, Baharvand M, Movahhedian A, Mohammadi M, Khodadoustan A. Xerostomia due to systemic disease: a review of 20 conditions and mechanisms. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2014 Jul;4(4):503-10. doi: 10.4103/2141-9248.139284.
PubMed 25221694
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 23 Aug 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Smell, Taste, Salivary Flow, and Oral Health in Patient Receiving Dialysis: A Before and After Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04401358
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 202002115RINC
- Conditions
- ESRD
- Keywords
- ESRD, Renal Dialysis, olfaction, Sniffin' sticks, MoCA, taste, Taste strips, modified Schirmer's test
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 75 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- National Taiwan University HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 4 May 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 5 May 2021 (actual)
- Study completion
- 5 May 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 26 May 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Studies show that the change of smell and taste, also dry mouth are the most common symptoms in end stage renal disease patients, the accumulation of uremic toxins would damage the intrinsinc antioxidant systems of the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb, which leads to smell dysfunction compared to healthy group. Previous studies show different results about if getting rid of uremic toxins would help improve smell, even if they say olfactory identification is improved after hemodialysis episode, but there's no short term reliability of Sniffin'sticks to prove the credibility of the findings. Reduction of the whole saliva and unstimulated salivary flow rate cause dry mouth, also change oral environment, which makes dental plaque easily attach to teeth. And the accumulation of uremic in oral cavity causes oral odor, plus lack of zinc iron and reduction of saliva would affect the tastants transferred to its receptors which leads to taste dysfunction. Besides, when the patients has olfactory dysfunction, the taste will be affected as well, plus the accumulation of uremic toxin in the oral cavity also stops the conjunction of smell and taste receptors which affects taste. To understand smell, taste and oral condition in end stage renal disease patients, and due to there's no short term reliability of Sniffin'sticks, plus it's expensive and time-consuming to implement the taste assessment tool. Thus the main purpose of this study is: 1. To investigate smell and taste function, salivary secretion, oral condition, plaque index and dry mouth in end stage renal disease patients who haven't been under hemodialysis. 2. To investigate the short term reliability of Sniffin'sticks, the measuring tool of olfactory with 3-4 hours interval. 3. To investigate if Taste and Smell Survey could be the tool which detects abnormality of taste 4. To investigate the change of smell, taste and salivary secretion within 24 hours after the first episode of hemodialysis.
Detailed description
This is a smell, taste and oral health in patients receiving before and after hemodialysis study. End stage renal disease patients who haven't been under hemodialysis will be screened for enrollment at the nephrology department in National Taiwan University Hospital. Patients have to be over 20 years old who are diagnosed with end stage renal disease(eGFR<15ml/min/1.73m2) but haven't been under hemodialysis yet. Expected 85 patients will be enrolled according to power analysis, those who have the diseases such as Parkinson's disease, hypothyroidism, Sjögren's syndrome, under chemotherapy or radiotherapy, history of head and neck tumour and surgery, and patients who unable to response to evaluate protocal.
We will first use Montreal Cognitive Assessment to screen patient's cognitive function, for those scored 23.5 and higher, a full evaluation will be conducted at two points in before dialysis and afterward. The full evaluation before dialysis include 1.The difference of smell, taste, salivary secretion, oral assessment guide, plaque index and xerostomia on end stage renal disease patients before and after hemodialysis. 2.Investigating the reliability of olfactory identification by using Sniffin'sticks within 2 to 4 hours. 3.Investigating the correlation between taste questionnaire and taste strips. 4.Salivary flow rate. 5.Oral Assessment Guide. 6.Plaque Index. 7.Taste threshold sensitivity.
The evaluation after dialysis involved 1.The olfactory identification 2. Salivary flow 3. Taste threshold sensitivity.For patients who get score lower than 23.5 from Montreal Cognitive Assessment, we'll skip the test of olfactory and taste .Data will be analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics using R studio statistic software.
Study design
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Prospective
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 20 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Patients who are diagnosed with end stage renal disease (eGFR<15ml/min/1.73m2) but haven't been under hemodialysis yet.
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Diagnosed with end-stage renal disease (eGFR<15ml/min/1.73m2) but haven't been under hemodialysis yet.
- Over 20 years old.
- Able to interact with instructions and communicate with others
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- 1. Those who have diseases such as Parkinson's disease, hypothyroidism, Sjögren's syndrome, under chemotherapy or radiotherapy, head and neck tumor, took head and neck surgery, unconsciousness, and cognitive dysfunction.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Olfactory identification score in ESRD patients before the first dialysis
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year.
The Sniffin' sticks identification test measured the patient's olfactory identification . The test consists of felt pens, the tips of which are impregnated with 4 mL of odorant fluid or odorant substance dissolved in propylene glycol, and an antibacterial agent. There were 16 odorant pens in the test, for each odorant pen, the subject must make a forced choice from a list of 4 written proposals. The test scored from 1 to 16, normosmia to be defined as a score higher than the 10th percentile of the distribution of normal values of the study population according to gender and age.
Sniffin' sticks identification retest
Time frame: The test will be done again 2 hours after the first outcome.
Though the sniffin'sticks test provided good reliability, but the time interval is 7-10 days, the short term of reliability hadn't been confirmed, hence we want to test a short term interval within 2 hours. The test will be done again 2 hours after the first outcome.
The change of olfactory identification score in ESRD patients after the first dialysis
Time frame: Change of olfactory identification score after the first dialysis. Through study completion, an average of 1 year.
The Sniffin' sticks identification test measured the patient's olfactory identification. The test consists of felt pens, the tips of which are impregnated with 4 mL of odorant fluid or odorant substance dissolved in propylene glycol, and an antibacterial agent. There were 16 odorant pens in the test, for each odorant pen, the subject must make a forced choice from a list of 4 written proposals. The test scored from 1 to 16, normosmia to be defined as a score higher than the 10th percentile of the distribution of normal values of the study population according to gender and age.
Taste strips in ESRD patients before the first dialysis
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year.
There are total 16 items, each has one point scale to access taste abnormality. The total score is from 0 to 16, when below 12 will be considered as taste abnormality.
Taste questionnaire
Time frame: Only assessing patient who hasn't received hemodialysis yet. Patient is asked to fill out taste questionnaire, which takes 10 minutes.
There are total 9 items, among eight items have one point scale and one item has one sclae point. The questionnaire total score is from 0 to 10, for evaluate the subjective taste function and compared to taste strip score.
Unstimulated Salivary Flow Rate in ESRD patients before the first dialysis
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year.
Patient is asked to spit out all the saliva and to sit in semi-fowler's position, Whatman 41 test strip is then placed under patient's tongue. Read the result after 3 minutes. (the unit is mm/min)
Oral Assessment Guide in ESRD patients before the first dialysis
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year.
There are 8 items in this guide, each has a 3 points scale to assess oral health condition and oral function, which includes: voice, swallowing, lips, tongue, saliva, buccal mucous membrane, labial mucous membrane, and gingiva. One point means normal, two means mild change, while three means moderate to severe change. The higher of the total score, the more serious of oral mucositis.
Plaque Index
Time frame: Only assessing patient who hasn't received hemodialysis yet. When Oral Assessment Guide is done, using plaque disclosing agent along with the scoring criteria to evaluate patient's plaque index, which takes 15 minutes.
First, applying vaseline onto patient's lips to avoid their lips being dyed by the plaque disclosing agent, then applying plaque disclosing solution onto both facial and lingual surfaces of patient's teeth, later asking patient to gargle for 30 seconds. All teeth assessed except third molars, score form 0 to 5 is given according to the scoring criteria, and each side of tooth gets a score, the total score divides the number of surfaces examined is the index. An index of 0 or 1 is considered low while of 2 or more is considered high.
Xerostomia Inventory
Time frame: Only assessing patient who hasn't received hemodialysis yet. Patient is asked to fill out Xerostomia Inventory, which takes 5 minutes.
11-items each using 5 points Likert scale are summated to represent the severity of chronic xerostomia; higher scores represent more severe symptoms.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 23 Aug 2022.
- BackgroundAl-yassiri, A. M. H. (2014). Prevalence of xerostomia in patients with chronic hemodialysis in Babil city. Kerbala Jorunal of Medicine, 7(1), 1822-1828.
- BackgroundBabaee, N., Sales, M., Ghazimirsaeed, A. M., & Moghadamnia, A. A. (2014). Xerostomia in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure Undergoing Hemodialysis. Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences, 16(10), 15-22.
- Background: PubMed 22249779Bossola M, Tazza L. Xerostomia in patients on chronic hemodialysis. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2012 Jan 17;8(3):176-82. doi: 10.1038/nrneph.2011.218.
- Background: PubMed 15782519Chen A, Wai Y, Lee L, Lake S, Woo SB. Using the modified Schirmer test to measure mouth dryness: a preliminary study. J Am Dent Assoc. 2005 Feb;136(2):164-70; quiz 229-30. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.2005.0137.
- Background: PubMed 24862599Delli K, Spijkervet FK, Kroese FG, Bootsma H, Vissink A. Xerostomia. Monogr Oral Sci. 2014;24:109-25. doi: 10.1159/000358792. Epub 2014 May 23.
- BackgroundEdgar, W. M., O'Mullane, D. M., & Dawes, C. (Eds.). (2004). Saliva and oral health (Vol. 146). London: British Dental Association.
- Background: PubMed 3287344Eilers J, Berger AM, Petersen MC. Development, testing, and application of the oral assessment guide. Oncol Nurs Forum. 1988 May-Jun;15(3):325-30. No abstract available.
- BackgroundEscobar, A., & Aitken-Saavedra, J. P. (2018). Xerostomia: An Update of Causes and Treatments. In Salivary Glands-New Approaches in Diagnostics and Treatment. IntechOpen.
- Background: PubMed 24247643Fan WF, Zhang Q, Luo LH, Niu JY, Gu Y. Study on the clinical significance and related factors of thirst and xerostomia in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2013;37(4-5):464-74. doi: 10.1159/000355717. Epub 2013 Oct 22.
- Background: PubMed 30675443Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Hepatitis C Work Group. KDIGO 2018 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Prevention, Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Hepatitis C in Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int Suppl (2011). 2018 Oct;8(3):91-165. doi: 10.1016/j.kisu.2018.06.001. Epub 2018 Sep 19. No abstract available.
- BackgroundKonstantinova, D., Nenova-Nogalcheva, A., Pechalova, P., Pancheva, R., & Andonova, D. (2017). Xerostomia as a Contributing Factor for Taste Distortion in Patients Undergoing Chronic Dialysis Treatment. American Research Journal of Dentistry, 1, 6.
- Background: PubMed 9206358Lopez-Jornet P, Bermejo-Fenoll A, Bagan-Sebastian JV, Pascual-Gomez E. Comparison of a new test for the measurement of resting whole saliva with the draining and the swab techniques. Braz Dent J. 1996;7(2):81-6.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of ESRD, run by National Taiwan University Hospital at 1 site in Taiwan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 23 Aug 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Taiwan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Olfactory identification score in ESRD patients before the first dialysis (time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year.). The study lists 9 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04401358, which also lists 21 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 23 Aug 2022.