COVID-19Phase 2/3NCT04331470
Evaluation of Efficacy of Levamisole and Formoterol+Budesonide in Treatment of COVID-19
A Phase 2/3 study testing Levamisole Pill + Budesonide+Formoterol inhaler and Lopinavir/Ritonavir + hydoxychloroquine in people with COVID-19, run by Fasa University of Medical Sciences at 1 site in Iran.
Trial summary
New Corona virus (COVID-19) has made a horrible situation for all of the countries. This disease is not only a health problem but also economy, culture and the whole entity of the countries is under attack by the virus. This disease seems to affect the body in two different pathology pathways. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 15 to 100 years
- Conditions the study is for
- COVID-19
- What is being tested?
- Levamisole Pill + Budesonide+Formoterol inhaler and Lopinavir/Ritonavir + hydoxychloroquine
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 30 participants
- Where
- 1 siteIran
- Study dates
- 4 Apr 2020to 20 May 2020
- Phase
- Phase 2/3
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 15 to 100 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Definitely positive COVID-19 patients
Who cannot join
- Patients with acute respiratory problems including patients with:
- Spo2<60%
- Severe respiratory distress
- Heamodynamic instabilitty
- Acid base disturbance
- Severe Anemia Patients with severe hepatic diseases Patients with Nurvous system diseases
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Iran1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Vali-Asr Hospital
Fasa, Fars
Jalal Karimi, PhD, +987153314026, info@fums.ac.ir
Yousef Gholampoor, PhD, +987153314021, info@fums.ac.ir
About this study
Official title: Evaluation of Efficacy of Pharmacotherapy Treatment of COVID- 19 Infection Using Oral Levamisole and Formoterol+Budesonide Inhaler and Comparison of This Treatment Protocol With Standard National Treatment of the Disease
New Corona virus (COVID-19) has made a horrible situation for all of the countries. This disease is not only a health problem but also economy, culture and the whole entity of the countries is under attack by the virus. This disease seems to affect the body in two different pathology pathways. From one side virus can decrease activity of immune system in the blood stream and whole body and from other side it can attack the respiratory cells. Tissue biopsy shows that immune cells penetrate into the Lung tissue and we have accumulation and over activity of Immune cells in the lung. This inflammation in respiratory tract probably is the major cause of Cytokine storm and release of TNF-α and IL-6 into the blood.
It seems that by three strategy disease can be treated. 1- By using systemic immune simulators. 2- By using topical anti-inflammatory drug in the respiratory system (Steroids or NSAIDs) 3- By inhibition of replication of the virus in the attacked cells.
Read the detailed description
Looking at the pathology of this disease shows that COVID-19 virus binds to the Angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE II) which is located on the surface of different cells in the body and specially on the cells of respiratory system. This enzyme is responsible to turn angiotensin II into angiotensin1-7. It is also turns angiotensin I into angiotensin 1-9.
When ACEII would be blocked by virus level of angiotensin II will be increased and this enzyme along with vasoconstriction, makes cells to manufacture TNF α and IL-6 which are responsible for cytokine storm and Lymphopenia. Also presence of virus and virus shell on the surface of the infected cells make immune system to attack to the respiratory system hence effect of angiotensin II inside the cell causes fibrosis of the respiratory cells. This inflammation and tissue damage make Acute Respiratory Distress syndrome (ARDS) which is lethal for patients. There is a dilemma in treatment of this infection. From one side it doesn't make sense to decrease the immune response hence it will make the infection worse. And from other side stimulation of the immune response because of respiratory inflammation can expedite process of lethal ARDS. A new strategy for treatment of this disease which consists of local anti- inflammatory and systemic immune stimulant drugs can be considered as a reasonable strategy.As immunostimulator, Levamisole can increase Lymphocytes and empower the immunity of the body. This drug can also bind to Papaine Like Protease(PL-pro) of the shell of the virus which is necessary for virulence of COVID-19. It also can decrease level of TNF α and IL-6, and as a chemical adjutant can introduce the virus to the immune system. In addition to Levamisole, Formoterol+Budesonide inhaler can be used in this protocol. Budesonide is a steroid and can suppress the immune reaction locally in the respiratory system. Formoterol is β2 agonist and can open airways. It also can bind to PL-pro and can neutralize the virus according to the published articles.
- Conditions
- COVID-19
- Being tested
- Levamisole Pill + Budesonide+Formoterol inhaler, Lopinavir/Ritonavir + hydoxychloroquine
- Medical subject headings
- COVID-19
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Levamisole Pill + Budesonide+Formoterol inhalerDrug
Also called Levamisole and Budesonide+Formoterol inhaler both are generic drugs.
Levamisole 50 mg tablet has to be taken 1-2 tablets every 8 hours Budesonide+Formoterol has to be inhaled 1-2 puff every 12 hours
Lopinavir/Ritonavir + hydoxychloroquineDrug
Also called Kaletra+ Generic Hydroxy Chloroquine( Generic Drug)
Hydroxy Chloroquine 200mg single dise Lopinavir/Ritonavir 2 tablets every 12 hours
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Levamisole Pill + Budesonide+Formoterol inhaler+Standard care | Experimental | This group will take Levamisole + Budesonide/Formoterol along side with standard treatment regime. Receives: Drug: Levamisole Pill + Budesonide+Formoterol inhaler; Drug: Lopinavir/Ritonavir + hydoxychloroquine |
| Standard care | Active comparator | This group will take standard treatment regime introduced by Ministry of health. Receives: Drug: Lopinavir/Ritonavir + hydoxychloroquine |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Clear chest CT-scan
Chest Ct scan should be negative
Measured: between 3-7 days
PCR test
PCR test should be negative
Measured: between 3-7 days
Secondary outcomes (1)
Physical statues of patient
Patient should relief from signs of disease
Measured: Between 3-7 days
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted2 Apr 2020
- Study start4 Apr 2020
- Primary completion20 Apr 2020 (estimated)
- Study completion20 May 2020 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (19)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for COVID-19Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 2/3
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Study is two armed , double blind, parallel, randomized clinical trial.
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Fasa University of Medical Sciences
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Dr. Siamack Afazeli, Fasa University of Medical Sciences
- Investigators
- Siamack Afazeli, Principal investigator, Fasa University of Medical Sciences
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04331470
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 97548
- Status last verified
- Apr 2020
- First submitted
- 30 Mar 2020
- Last updated
- 13 Apr 2020
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- Yes
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: All IPD that underlie results in a publication and is comply with ethics will be revealed.
Publications
Rothan HA, Byrareddy SN. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. J Autoimmun. 2020 May;109:102433. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102433. Epub 2020 Feb 26.
PubMed 32113704Wu C, Liu Y, Yang Y, Zhang P, Zhong W, Wang Y, Wang Q, Xu Y, Li M, Li X, Zheng M, Chen L, Li H. Analysis of therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of potential drugs by computational methods. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2020 May;10(5):766-788. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.02.008. Epub 2020 Feb 27.
PubMed 32292689Gruppen MP, Bouts AH, Jansen-van der Weide MC, Merkus MP, Zurowska A, Maternik M, Massella L, Emma F, Niaudet P, Cornelissen EAM, Schurmans T, Raes A, van de Walle J, van Dyck M, Gulati A, Bagga A, Davin JC; all members of the Levamisole Study Group. A randomized clinical trial indicates that levamisole increases the time to relapse in children with steroid-sensitive idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Kidney Int. 2018 Feb;93(2):510-518. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.08.011. Epub 2017 Oct 18.
PubMed 29054532Lee KY. Pneumonia, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, and Early Immune-Modulator Therapy. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Feb 11;18(2):388. doi: 10.3390/ijms18020388.
PubMed 28208675Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, Qiu Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Wei Y, Xia J, Yu T, Zhang X, Zhang L. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):507-513. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7. Epub 2020 Jan 30.
PubMed 32007143Chen J. [How to understand the histopathology of SARS and coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi. 2020 Apr 8;49(4):289-290. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20200309-00185. Chinese.
PubMed 32157847Xu H, Zhong L, Deng J, Peng J, Dan H, Zeng X, Li T, Chen Q. High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa. Int J Oral Sci. 2020 Feb 24;12(1):8. doi: 10.1038/s41368-020-0074-x.
PubMed 32094336Santos RA, Ferreira AJ, Verano-Braga T, Bader M. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, angiotensin-(1-7) and Mas: new players of the renin-angiotensin system. J Endocrinol. 2013 Jan 18;216(2):R1-R17. doi: 10.1530/JOE-12-0341. Print 2013 Feb.
PubMed 23092879Ruiz-Ortega M, Ruperez M, Lorenzo O, Esteban V, Blanco J, Mezzano S, Egido J. Angiotensin II regulates the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the kidney. Kidney Int Suppl. 2002 Dec;(82):S12-22. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.62.s82.4.x.
PubMed 12410849Gullestad L, Aukrust P, Ueland T, Espevik T, Yee G, Vagelos R, Froland SS, Fowler M. Effect of high- versus low-dose angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on cytokine levels in chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999 Dec;34(7):2061-7. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00495-7.
PubMed 10588224Jin HY, Chen LJ, Zhang ZZ, Xu YL, Song B, Xu R, Oudit GY, Gao PJ, Zhu DL, Zhong JC. Deletion of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 exacerbates renal inflammation and injury in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice through modulation of the nephrin and TNF-alpha-TNFRSF1A signaling. J Transl Med. 2015 Aug 6;13:255. doi: 10.1186/s12967-015-0616-8.
PubMed 26245758Tikellis C, Thomas MC. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Is a Key Modulator of the Renin Angiotensin System in Health and Disease. Int J Pept. 2012;2012:256294. doi: 10.1155/2012/256294. Epub 2012 Mar 20.
PubMed 22536270Guignabert C, de Man F, Lombes M. ACE2 as therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension: the good outweighs the bad. Eur Respir J. 2018 Jun 21;51(6):1800848. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00848-2018. Print 2018 Jun. No abstract available.
PubMed 29929959Meng Y, Li T, Zhou GS, Chen Y, Yu CH, Pang MX, Li W, Li Y, Zhang WY, Li X. The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/angiotensin (1-7)/Mas axis protects against lung fibroblast migration and lung fibrosis by inhibiting the NOX4-derived ROS-mediated RhoA/Rho kinase pathway. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2015 Jan 20;22(3):241-58. doi: 10.1089/ars.2013.5818. Epub 2014 Oct 2.
PubMed 25089563Zhang BN, Xu H, Gao XM, Zhang GZ, Zhang X, Yang F. Protective Effect of Angiotensin (1-7) on Silicotic Fibrosis in Rats. Biomed Environ Sci. 2019 Jun;32(6):419-426. doi: 10.3967/bes2019.057.
PubMed 31262387
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 13 Apr 2020. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Evaluation of Efficacy of Pharmacotherapy Treatment of COVID- 19 Infection Using Oral Levamisole and Formoterol+Budesonide Inhaler and Comparison of This Treatment Protocol With Standard National Treatment of the Disease
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04331470
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 97548
- Conditions
- COVID-19
- Phase
- Phase 2/3
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Fasa University of Medical SciencesUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 4 Apr 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 20 Apr 2020 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 20 May 2020 (estimated)
- First posted
- 2 Apr 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
New Corona virus (COVID-19) has made a horrible situation for all of the countries. This disease is not only a health problem but also economy, culture and the whole entity of the countries is under attack by the virus. This disease seems to affect the body in two different pathology pathways. From one side virus can decrease activity of immune system in the blood stream and whole body and from other side it can attack the respiratory cells. Tissue biopsy shows that immune cells penetrate into the Lung tissue and we have accumulation and over activity of Immune cells in the lung. This inflammation in respiratory tract probably is the major cause of Cytokine storm and release of TNF-α and IL-6 into the blood.
It seems that by three strategy disease can be treated. 1- By using systemic immune simulators. 2- By using topical anti-inflammatory drug in the respiratory system (Steroids or NSAIDs) 3- By inhibition of replication of the virus in the attacked cells.
Detailed description
Looking at the pathology of this disease shows that COVID-19 virus binds to the Angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE II) which is located on the surface of different cells in the body and specially on the cells of respiratory system. This enzyme is responsible to turn angiotensin II into angiotensin1-7. It is also turns angiotensin I into angiotensin 1-9.
When ACEII would be blocked by virus level of angiotensin II will be increased and this enzyme along with vasoconstriction, makes cells to manufacture TNF α and IL-6 which are responsible for cytokine storm and Lymphopenia. Also presence of virus and virus shell on the surface of the infected cells make immune system to attack to the respiratory system hence effect of angiotensin II inside the cell causes fibrosis of the respiratory cells. This inflammation and tissue damage make Acute Respiratory Distress syndrome (ARDS) which is lethal for patients. There is a dilemma in treatment of this infection. From one side it doesn't make sense to decrease the immune response hence it will make the infection worse. And from other side stimulation of the immune response because of respiratory inflammation can expedite process of lethal ARDS. A new strategy for treatment of this disease which consists of local anti- inflammatory and systemic immune stimulant drugs can be considered as a reasonable strategy.As immunostimulator, Levamisole can increase Lymphocytes and empower the immunity of the body. This drug can also bind to Papaine Like Protease(PL-pro) of the shell of the virus which is necessary for virulence of COVID-19. It also can decrease level of TNF α and IL-6, and as a chemical adjutant can introduce the virus to the immune system. In addition to Levamisole, Formoterol+Budesonide inhaler can be used in this protocol. Budesonide is a steroid and can suppress the immune reaction locally in the respiratory system. Formoterol is β2 agonist and can open airways. It also can bind to PL-pro and can neutralize the virus according to the published articles.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Study is two armed , double blind, parallel, randomized clinical trial.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Levamisole Pill + Budesonide+Formoterol inhaler+Standard care | Experimental | Drug: Levamisole Pill + Budesonide+Formoterol inhaler, Drug: Lopinavir/Ritonavir + hydoxychloroquineThis group will take Levamisole + Budesonide/Formoterol along side with standard treatment regime. |
| Standard care | Active comparator | Drug: Lopinavir/Ritonavir + hydoxychloroquineThis group will take standard treatment regime introduced by Ministry of health. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 15 to 100 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Definitely positive COVID-19 patients
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Spo2<60%
- Severe respiratory distress
- Heamodynamic instabilitty
- Acid base disturbance
- Severe Anemia Patients with severe hepatic diseases Patients with Nurvous system diseases
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Levamisole Pill + Budesonide+Formoterol inhalerAlso: Levamisole and Budesonide+Formoterol inhaler both are generic drugs.Levamisole 50 mg tablet has to be taken 1-2 tablets every 8 hours Budesonide+Formoterol has to be inhaled 1-2 puff every 12 hours | Drug | Levamisole Pill + Budesonide+Formoterol inhaler+Standard care |
| Lopinavir/Ritonavir + hydoxychloroquineAlso: Kaletra+ Generic Hydroxy Chloroquine( Generic Drug)Hydroxy Chloroquine 200mg single dise Lopinavir/Ritonavir 2 tablets every 12 hours | Drug | Levamisole Pill + Budesonide+Formoterol inhaler+Standard care, Standard care |
Primary outcome
Clear chest CT-scan
Time frame: between 3-7 days
Chest Ct scan should be negative
PCR test
Time frame: between 3-7 days
PCR test should be negative
1 secondary outcome
Physical statues of patient
Time frame: Between 3-7 days
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 13 Apr 2020.
- Background: PubMed 32113704Rothan HA, Byrareddy SN. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. J Autoimmun. 2020 May;109:102433. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102433. Epub 2020 Feb 26.
- Background: PubMed 32292689Wu C, Liu Y, Yang Y, Zhang P, Zhong W, Wang Y, Wang Q, Xu Y, Li M, Li X, Zheng M, Chen L, Li H. Analysis of therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of potential drugs by computational methods. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2020 May;10(5):766-788. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.02.008. Epub 2020 Feb 27.
- Background: PubMed 29054532Gruppen MP, Bouts AH, Jansen-van der Weide MC, Merkus MP, Zurowska A, Maternik M, Massella L, Emma F, Niaudet P, Cornelissen EAM, Schurmans T, Raes A, van de Walle J, van Dyck M, Gulati A, Bagga A, Davin JC; all members of the Levamisole Study Group. A randomized clinical trial indicates that levamisole increases the time to relapse in children with steroid-sensitive idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Kidney Int. 2018 Feb;93(2):510-518. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.08.011. Epub 2017 Oct 18.
- Background: PubMed 28208675Lee KY. Pneumonia, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, and Early Immune-Modulator Therapy. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Feb 11;18(2):388. doi: 10.3390/ijms18020388.
- Background: PubMed 32007143Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, Qiu Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Wei Y, Xia J, Yu T, Zhang X, Zhang L. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):507-513. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7. Epub 2020 Jan 30.
- Background: PubMed 32157847Chen J. [How to understand the histopathology of SARS and coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi. 2020 Apr 8;49(4):289-290. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20200309-00185. Chinese.
- Background: PubMed 32094336Xu H, Zhong L, Deng J, Peng J, Dan H, Zeng X, Li T, Chen Q. High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa. Int J Oral Sci. 2020 Feb 24;12(1):8. doi: 10.1038/s41368-020-0074-x.
- Background: PubMed 23092879Santos RA, Ferreira AJ, Verano-Braga T, Bader M. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, angiotensin-(1-7) and Mas: new players of the renin-angiotensin system. J Endocrinol. 2013 Jan 18;216(2):R1-R17. doi: 10.1530/JOE-12-0341. Print 2013 Feb.
- Background: PubMed 12410849Ruiz-Ortega M, Ruperez M, Lorenzo O, Esteban V, Blanco J, Mezzano S, Egido J. Angiotensin II regulates the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the kidney. Kidney Int Suppl. 2002 Dec;(82):S12-22. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.62.s82.4.x.
- Background: PubMed 10588224Gullestad L, Aukrust P, Ueland T, Espevik T, Yee G, Vagelos R, Froland SS, Fowler M. Effect of high- versus low-dose angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on cytokine levels in chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999 Dec;34(7):2061-7. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00495-7.
- Background: PubMed 26245758Jin HY, Chen LJ, Zhang ZZ, Xu YL, Song B, Xu R, Oudit GY, Gao PJ, Zhu DL, Zhong JC. Deletion of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 exacerbates renal inflammation and injury in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice through modulation of the nephrin and TNF-alpha-TNFRSF1A signaling. J Transl Med. 2015 Aug 6;13:255. doi: 10.1186/s12967-015-0616-8.
- Background: PubMed 22536270Tikellis C, Thomas MC. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Is a Key Modulator of the Renin Angiotensin System in Health and Disease. Int J Pept. 2012;2012:256294. doi: 10.1155/2012/256294. Epub 2012 Mar 20.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. All IPD that underlie results in a publication and is comply with ethics will be revealed.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Siamack Afazeli principal investigator
Fasa University of Medical Sciences
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 2/3 study testing Levamisole Pill + Budesonide+Formoterol inhaler and Lopinavir/Ritonavir + hydoxychloroquine in people with COVID-19, run by Fasa University of Medical Sciences at 1 site in Iran.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 13 Apr 2020. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Iran. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this combined phase mean?
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Phase 3 studies compare the treatment with the current standard treatment or a placebo in a large group, to confirm how well it works and watch for side effects.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Siamack Afazeli, Pharm.D (+989121392982, Dr.afazeli@gmail.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Clear chest CT-scan (time frame: between 3-7 days). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04331470, which also lists 19 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 13 Apr 2020.