Swimming Induced Pulmonary Edema (SIPE)OCTOPUSNCT04307615
O2 Versus CPAP Treatment Of Patients Undergoing SIPE Therapy (OCTOPUS)
A study testing Oxygen + continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and Oxygen in people with Swimming Induced Pulmonary Edema (SIPE) and Pulmonary Edema, run by Dalarna County Council, Sweden at 1 site in Sweden.
Trial summary
In swimming induced pulmonary edema (SIPE), there is a lack of knowledge regarding optimal treatment. The present study was designed to assess the benefit of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) compared to oxygen as a first line treatment of SIPE in the out-of-hospital environment. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Swimming Induced Pulmonary Edema (SIPE), Pulmonary Edema, Lung Diseases
- What is being tested?
- Oxygen + continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and Oxygen
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 90 participants
- Where
- 1 siteSweden
- Study dates
- 2 Jul 2022to 15 Jul 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- clinical diagnosis of swimming induced pulmonary edema (SIPE) with need of acute treatment (oxygen saturation ≤91%)
- 18 years and older
- informed consent
Who cannot join
- declined consent
- suspected acute coronary syndrome
- severe asthma diagnosed together with pulmonary edema where beta-agonist-inhalation is needed prior to treatment of pulmonary edema
- hemodynamic instability or decreased consciousness
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Sweden1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Center of Clinical Research Dalarna
Falun, 79182
About this study
Official title: Evaluation of Continous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) in Swimming Induced Pulmonary Edema (SIPE) -a Randomized Single-blinded Controlled Study
In swimming induced pulmonary edema (SIPE), there is a lack of knowledge regarding optimal treatment. The present study was designed to assess the benefit of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) compared to oxygen as a first line treatment of SIPE in the out-of-hospital environment.
Read the detailed description
Swimming induced pulmonary edema (SIPE) is an unusual condition affecting otherwise healthy swimmers. SIPE is characterized by acute onset of dyspnea and cough, excessive sputum and occasionally hemoptysis when swimming in open water. The condition usually resolves spontaneously within 48 hours, but may result in serious illness and require emergency care. Case reports describe acute treatment with oxygen alone or in combination with diuretics, beta-agonist-inhalation or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Evidence for optimal treatment strategy is lacking. This study intends to determine whether oxygen alone or applied together with CPAP leads to improvement of oxygen saturation and recovery of patients. The aim is to treat patients on site without involving hospital care. We study a large cohort of approximately 12 000 swimmers during Vansbrosimningen, Sweden's biggest annual open water event with a yearly incidence of SIPE about 0,4%.
Adult patients clinically diagnosed with SIPE are randomly assigned in 2 groups receiving treatment during 20 minutes: (1) oxygen 10l/min or (2) oxygen 10l/min and CPAP 7,5 cm H2O. Assessment with outcome measures is taken 10 minutes after treatment. Primary endpoint: oxygen saturation (%) by pulse oxymetry.
- Being tested
- Oxygen + continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), Oxygen
- Keywords
- continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), oxygen, therapeutics, ultrasonography, oximetry
- Medical subject headings
- Pulmonary Edema, Lung Diseases
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Oxygen + continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)Combination product
Oxygen-driven CPAP (7,5 cmH2O): 20 min treatment followed by 10 min rest and assessment
OxygenDrug
Oxygen: 20 min treatment followed by 10 min rest and assessment
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Oxygen + CPAP-treatment | Experimental | Not described Receives: Combination Product: Oxygen + continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) |
| Oxygen-treatment | Active comparator | Not described Receives: Drug: Oxygen |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Absolute peripheral oxygen saturation (%) after treatment
Peripheral oxygen saturation % (continuous variable) measured by peripheral pulse oximetry
Measured: after 20 min treatment followed by 10 min rest
Secondary outcomes (9)
Change in absolute peripheral oxygen saturation (%) before and after treatment
Change in peripheral oxygen saturation % (continuous variable) measured by pulse oximetry before and after treatment
Measured: change before versus after 20 min treatment followed by 10 min rest
Recovery (yes/no) after treatment
Recovery, defined by "peripheral oxygen saturation >95% after treatment" or no recovery, defined by "peripheral oxygen saturation ≤95% after treatment"
Measured: after 20 min treatment followed by 10 min rest
Interstitial syndrome assessed by lung ultrasound (yes/no) after treatment
Four chest regions for both lungs are scanned by lung ultrasound; a positive region defined by the presence of three or more B-line artifacts. Bilateral or unilateral presence of two or more positive regions define positive interstitial syndrome.
Measured: after 20 min treatment followed by 10 min rest
Absolute number of regions presenting B-lines on lung ultrasound after treatment
Four chest regions for both lungs are scanned by lung ultrasound; a positive region defined by the presence of three or more B-line artifacts. Assessment of the total number of positive regions.
Measured: after 20 min treatment followed by 10 min rest
Change in absolute number of regions presenting B-lines on lung ultrasound before and after treatment
Four chest regions for both lungs are scanned by lung ultrasound; a positive region defined by the presence of three or more B-line artifacts. Assessment of the total number of positive regions. Change in absolute number of regions presenting B-lines on lung ultrasound before and after treatment
Measured: change before versus after 20 min treatment followed by 10 min rest
Change in patient reported outcome measures before and after treatment
Six different patient reported outcome measures assessed by numeric rating scale (NRS) 0-10: cough, sputum, air hunger, breathing effort, tightness in chest, anxiousness. The patients will assess symptoms prior to and after treatment.
Measured: change before versus after 20 min treatment followed by 10 min rest
Admission to hospital (yes/no)
admission to hospital within or after a maximal treatment time of 40 minutes followed by 20 min rest.
Measured: 2 hours
total treatment time
total treatment time until oxygen saturation ≥96% is reached.
Measured: 2 hours
subgroup analysis
treatment outcome analysis in patients with different baseline oxygen saturation on admission
Measured: 1 hour
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted13 Mar 2020
- Study start2 Jul 2022
- Primary completion15 Jul 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion15 Jul 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Swimming Induced Pulmonary Edema (SIPE)Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 90 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Dalarna County Council, Sweden
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Maria Hårdstedt, Dalarna County Council, Sweden
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04307615
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- OCTOPUS001
- Acronym
- OCTOPUS
- Status last verified
- Sep 2026
- First submitted
- 4 Feb 2020
- Last updated
- 5 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 5 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Evaluation of Continous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) in Swimming Induced Pulmonary Edema (SIPE) -a Randomized Single-blinded Controlled Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04307615
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- OCTOPUS / OCTOPUS001
- Keywords
- continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), oxygen, therapeutics, ultrasonography, oximetry
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 90 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Dalarna County Council, SwedenUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 2 Jul 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Jul 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 15 Jul 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 13 Mar 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
In swimming induced pulmonary edema (SIPE), there is a lack of knowledge regarding optimal treatment. The present study was designed to assess the benefit of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) compared to oxygen as a first line treatment of SIPE in the out-of-hospital environment.
Detailed description
Swimming induced pulmonary edema (SIPE) is an unusual condition affecting otherwise healthy swimmers. SIPE is characterized by acute onset of dyspnea and cough, excessive sputum and occasionally hemoptysis when swimming in open water. The condition usually resolves spontaneously within 48 hours, but may result in serious illness and require emergency care. Case reports describe acute treatment with oxygen alone or in combination with diuretics, beta-agonist-inhalation or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Evidence for optimal treatment strategy is lacking. This study intends to determine whether oxygen alone or applied together with CPAP leads to improvement of oxygen saturation and recovery of patients. The aim is to treat patients on site without involving hospital care. We study a large cohort of approximately 12 000 swimmers during Vansbrosimningen, Sweden's biggest annual open water event with a yearly incidence of SIPE about 0,4%.
Adult patients clinically diagnosed with SIPE are randomly assigned in 2 groups receiving treatment during 20 minutes: (1) oxygen 10l/min or (2) oxygen 10l/min and CPAP 7,5 cm H2O. Assessment with outcome measures is taken 10 minutes after treatment. Primary endpoint: oxygen saturation (%) by pulse oxymetry.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Oxygen + CPAP-treatment | Experimental | Combination Product: Oxygen + continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) |
| Oxygen-treatment | Active comparator | Drug: Oxygen |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- clinical diagnosis of swimming induced pulmonary edema (SIPE) with need of acute treatment (oxygen saturation ≤91%)
- 18 years and older
- informed consent
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- declined consent
- suspected acute coronary syndrome
- severe asthma diagnosed together with pulmonary edema where beta-agonist-inhalation is needed prior to treatment of pulmonary edema
- hemodynamic instability or decreased consciousness
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Oxygen + continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)Oxygen-driven CPAP (7,5 cmH2O): 20 min treatment followed by 10 min rest and assessment | Combination product | Oxygen + CPAP-treatment |
| OxygenOxygen: 20 min treatment followed by 10 min rest and assessment | Drug | Oxygen-treatment |
Primary outcome
Absolute peripheral oxygen saturation (%) after treatment
Time frame: after 20 min treatment followed by 10 min rest
Peripheral oxygen saturation % (continuous variable) measured by peripheral pulse oximetry
9 secondary outcomes
Change in absolute peripheral oxygen saturation (%) before and after treatment
Time frame: change before versus after 20 min treatment followed by 10 min rest
Recovery (yes/no) after treatment
Time frame: after 20 min treatment followed by 10 min rest
Interstitial syndrome assessed by lung ultrasound (yes/no) after treatment
Time frame: after 20 min treatment followed by 10 min rest
Absolute number of regions presenting B-lines on lung ultrasound after treatment
Time frame: after 20 min treatment followed by 10 min rest
Change in absolute number of regions presenting B-lines on lung ultrasound before and after treatment
Time frame: change before versus after 20 min treatment followed by 10 min rest
Change in patient reported outcome measures before and after treatment
Time frame: change before versus after 20 min treatment followed by 10 min rest
Admission to hospital (yes/no)
Time frame: 2 hours
total treatment time
Time frame: 2 hours
subgroup analysis
Time frame: 1 hour
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 5 Oct 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Cardiac Function in Swimming-Induced Pulmonary Edema (SIPE)
Swimming Induced Pulmonary Edema (SIPE), Pulmonary Edema
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Oxygen + continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and Oxygen in people with Swimming Induced Pulmonary Edema (SIPE) and Pulmonary Edema, run by Dalarna County Council, Sweden at 1 site in Sweden.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 5 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Sweden. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Maria Hårdstedt, MD/PhD (46-738089464, maria.hardstedt@regiondalarna.se), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Absolute peripheral oxygen saturation (%) after treatment (time frame: after 20 min treatment followed by 10 min rest). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 5 Oct 2026.