Logopenic Variant Primary Progressive AphasiaNCT04188067
TMS for the Treatment of Primary Progressive Aphasia
A study testing Active rTMS in people with Logopenic Variant Primary Progressive Aphasia and Non-fluent Variant Primary Progressive Aphasia, run by Massachusetts General Hospital at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) is a progressive syndrome in the family of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders involving devastating language impairments caused by selective neurodegeneration of the brain's language network. Unfortunately, there is no treatment for PPA. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 90 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Logopenic Variant Primary Progressive Aphasia, Non-fluent Variant Primary Progressive Aphasia, Semantic Variant Primary Progressive Aphasia
- What is being tested?
- Active rTMS
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 10 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 1 Mar 2022to 25 Aug 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 90 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Patients, age 18-90, who carry a diagnosis of either the logopenic (lvPPA), agrammatic non-fluent (nfvPPA) or semantic (svPPA) variants of Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA). Patients must have been observed for at least one year by a specialized clinician.
- Patients must have at least mild to moderate language impairment.
- Patients must be native English speakers.
- Patients must have a study partner (e.g. spouse, sibling or adult child) who can accompany them to every study visit.
Who cannot join
- Any history of seizures, unexplained loss of consciousness or a first-degree family member with epilepsy.
- Any history of significant co-occurring neurological illness unrelated to neurodegeneration associated with PPA (e.g. multiple sclerosis), or significant medical problems (e.g. poorly controlled diabetes/hypertension or cancer within 5 years).
- Active symptoms of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, substance use disorder or significant premorbid intellectual disability according to Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM-5) criteria.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) evidence of significant cerebrovascular disease, hydrocephalus or the presence of a space-occupying intra-cranial mass.
- Contraindications to MRI or repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) including: cardiac pacemaker or pacemaker wires, neurostimulators, implanted pumps, metal in the body (rods, plates, screws, shrapnel, dentures, intrauterine device), surgical aneurysm clips in the head, previous neurosurgery or cochlear implants.
- In line with published Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Institutional Review Board (IRB) guidelines for rTMS, pregnancy must be ruled out by urine ß-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin if answers to screening questions suggest that pregnancy is possible and if female participants are premenopausal and of child-bearing age. Subjects will not be able to enroll if they are breastfeeding.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts, 02129
About this study
Official title: TMS in Primary Progressive Aphasia: Modulation of Brain Networks and Language
Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) is a progressive syndrome in the family of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders involving devastating language impairments caused by selective neurodegeneration of the brain's language network. Unfortunately, there is no treatment for PPA. An exciting possibility for treatment is non-invasive repetitive transcranial brain stimulation (rTMS), which induces electric currents in degenerating brain networks, making them in some cases more efficient.
Therapeutic benefits from rTMS have been demonstrated when it is applied in many sequential sessions. For example, repeated sessions of rTMS to left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is approved by the US Food and Drug administration as a treatment for major depressive disorder. With respect to language, high frequency rTMS increases the response rate for picture naming in healthy individuals and in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Further, in a sham controlled study, Cotelli and colleagues demonstrated that in a group of 10 non-fluent PPA patients, high frequency rTMS over the left and right dlPFC improved the percent of correct responses for action naming. When rTMS was applied for five consecutive days in a sham controlled single case study, Finocchiaro and colleagues showed lasting improvements in language (up to 1 week) in a patient with non-fluent PPA. Trebbastoni and colleagues further showed the same lasting improvements in language (up to 1 week) in a patient with logopenic PPA. Recently, in a sham controlled single case study, Bereau and colleagues applied a more intense rTMS protocol for ten consecutive days and demonstrated significant linguistic improvements in a logopenic PPA patient that lasted for 1 month. These studies have contributed valuable insights into the potential use of rTMS in treating the language symptoms of PPA patients.
Read the detailed description
30 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of PPA (non-fluent PPA, logopenic PPA or semantic PPA) (made by a specialized clinician) will be recruited. Patients must have a mild to moderate language impairment and must be native English speakers. Exclusion criteria include contraindications to receiving Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanning or rTMS (e.g. metallic or electromagnetically activated implants, cranial mass lesions, surgical aneurysm clips), the presence of significant medical, neurological or psychiatric co-morbid symptoms and patients without study partners.
It will take approximately 4 weeks to complete this research study, but the exact timing will vary according to patient, investigator and equipment availability. Each patient will have a total of up to 21 study visits. Greater than 21 visits may take place in the event that patients' language improves significantly following rTMS in order to test the sustainability of the improvement. Visits will take place at the MGH Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging.
The first visit (lasting 3-4 hours) will include obtainment of informed consent, baseline assessments, and a baseline MRI scan (which will be used for subsequent rTMS targeting). After this, patients will return for two blocks of 20Hz rTMS to left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: one in which they receive active rTMS and one in which they receive sham rTMS. Both active and sham rTMS will be delivered as high frequency stimulation (20 hertz, 20Hz). To accomplish this, an rTMS coil capable of delivering active or sham stimulation will be employed. Order of active and sham blocks will be counterbalanced across participants. During each block rTMS (active or sham) will be administered daily for 10 days (Monday through Friday). Neuropsychological testing, including thorough language evaluations, will be done before treatment, after day 1 and day 10 of rTMS treatment. Repeat MRI imaging will be performed after day 1 and day 10 of rTMS treatment. rTMS visit durations will be as follows: Monday (day 1) visit will last approximately 3-4 hours. Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday and Friday visits (day 2 to day 9) will last approximately 1-2 hours. Friday visit (day 10) will last approximately 5 hours.
- Conditions
- Logopenic Variant Primary Progressive Aphasia, Non-fluent Variant Primary Progressive Aphasia, Semantic Variant Primary Progressive Aphasia
- Being tested
- Active rTMS, SHAM rTMS
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Active rTMSDevice
All study participants will receive one block of ACTIVE rTMS. Each block will consist of daily sessions of active rTMS delivered to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex over ten days (Monday through Friday).
SHAM rTMSDevice
All study participants will receive one block of SHAM rTMS. Each block will consist of daily sessions of SHAM rTMS delivered to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex over ten days (Monday through Friday).
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Active rTMS | Experimental | All study participants will carry a diagnosis of Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA), either the logopenic, the non-fluent variant or the semantic variant. All participants will receive the same study interventions in a within-subject crossover design. Receives: Device: Active rTMS |
| Sham rTMS | Experimental | All study participants will carry a diagnosis of Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA), either the logopenic, the non-fluent variant or the semantic variant. All participants will receive the same study interventions in a within-subject crossover design. Receives: Device: SHAM rTMS |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Changes in Language as Measured Through the Boston Naming Test (BNT)
The outcome is the Boston Naming Test (BNT), a 30-item naming task scored from 0 to 30. Higher scores indicate greater performance. We report the change between Baseline and after two weeks (Monday-Friday; 10 days total) of TMS stimulation post-treatment (post-treatment minus Baseline).
Measured: Baseline and post-treatment
Changes in Brain Network Connectivity Through a Comparison of the Strength of Resting-state Functional Connectivity Metric
The outcome is the caudal Middle Frontal Gyrus resting-state functional connectivity z-scores, ranging between 0 (indicating no connectivity) and 1 (indicating strongest connectivity). We report the difference of functional connectivity scores between Baseline and after two weeks (Monday-Friday; 10 days total) of TMS stimulation post-treatment (post-treatment minus Baseline).
Measured: Baseline and post treatment
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted5 Dec 2019
- Study start1 Mar 2022
- Primary completion25 Aug 2024
- Study completion25 Aug 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (4)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Logopenic Variant Primary Progressive AphasiaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Massachusetts General HospitalThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Model description
- Within-subject crossover design
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 10 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Massachusetts General Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Alexandra Touroutoglou, Harvard Medical School (HMS and HSDM)
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04188067
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2019P003391
- Other IDs
- K23DC016912
- Status last verified
- Mar 2026
- First submitted
- 2 Dec 2019
- Last updated
- 1 Apr 2026
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- Yes
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Cotelli M, Manenti R, Alberici A, Brambilla M, Cosseddu M, Zanetti O, Miozzo A, Padovani A, Miniussi C, Borroni B. Prefrontal cortex rTMS enhances action naming in progressive non-fluent aphasia. Eur J Neurol. 2012 Nov;19(11):1404-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2012.03699.x. Epub 2012 Mar 21.
PubMed 22435956Finocchiaro C, Maimone M, Brighina F, Piccoli T, Giglia G, Fierro B. A case study of Primary Progressive Aphasia: improvement on verbs after rTMS treatment. Neurocase. 2006 Dec;12(6):317-21. doi: 10.1080/13554790601126203.
PubMed 17182394Trebbastoni A, Raccah R, de Lena C, Zangen A, Inghilleri M. Repetitive deep transcranial magnetic stimulation improves verbal fluency and written language in a patient with primary progressive aphasia-logopenic variant (LPPA). Brain Stimul. 2013 Jul;6(4):545-53. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2012.09.014. Epub 2012 Oct 24.
PubMed 23122915Bereau M, Magnin E, Nicolier M, Berthet L, Dariel E, Ferreira S, Sylvestre G, Monnin J, Chopard G, Bouladour H, Vandel P, Haffen E. Left Prefrontal Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in a Logopenic Variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia: A Case Report. Eur Neurol. 2016;76(1-2):12-8. doi: 10.1159/000447399. Epub 2016 Jun 25.
PubMed 27344155
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 1 Apr 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- TMS in Primary Progressive Aphasia: Modulation of Brain Networks and Language
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04188067
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2019P003391
- Conditions
- Logopenic Variant Primary Progressive Aphasia, Non-fluent Variant Primary Progressive Aphasia, Semantic Variant Primary Progressive Aphasia
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 10 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Massachusetts General HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)
- Study start
- 1 Mar 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 25 Aug 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 25 Aug 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 5 Dec 2019 (actual)
- Results
- Posted 4 Nov 2025
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) is a progressive syndrome in the family of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders involving devastating language impairments caused by selective neurodegeneration of the brain's language network. Unfortunately, there is no treatment for PPA. An exciting possibility for treatment is non-invasive repetitive transcranial brain stimulation (rTMS), which induces electric currents in degenerating brain networks, making them in some cases more efficient.
Therapeutic benefits from rTMS have been demonstrated when it is applied in many sequential sessions. For example, repeated sessions of rTMS to left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is approved by the US Food and Drug administration as a treatment for major depressive disorder. With respect to language, high frequency rTMS increases the response rate for picture naming in healthy individuals and in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Further, in a sham controlled study, Cotelli and colleagues demonstrated that in a group of 10 non-fluent PPA patients, high frequency rTMS over the left and right dlPFC improved the percent of correct responses for action naming. When rTMS was applied for five consecutive days in a sham controlled single case study, Finocchiaro and colleagues showed lasting improvements in language (up to 1 week) in a patient with non-fluent PPA. Trebbastoni and colleagues further showed the same lasting improvements in language (up to 1 week) in a patient with logopenic PPA. Recently, in a sham controlled single case study, Bereau and colleagues applied a more intense rTMS protocol for ten consecutive days and demonstrated significant linguistic improvements in a logopenic PPA patient that lasted for 1 month. These studies have contributed valuable insights into the potential use of rTMS in treating the language symptoms of PPA patients.
Detailed description
30 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of PPA (non-fluent PPA, logopenic PPA or semantic PPA) (made by a specialized clinician) will be recruited. Patients must have a mild to moderate language impairment and must be native English speakers. Exclusion criteria include contraindications to receiving Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanning or rTMS (e.g. metallic or electromagnetically activated implants, cranial mass lesions, surgical aneurysm clips), the presence of significant medical, neurological or psychiatric co-morbid symptoms and patients without study partners.
It will take approximately 4 weeks to complete this research study, but the exact timing will vary according to patient, investigator and equipment availability. Each patient will have a total of up to 21 study visits. Greater than 21 visits may take place in the event that patients' language improves significantly following rTMS in order to test the sustainability of the improvement. Visits will take place at the MGH Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging.
The first visit (lasting 3-4 hours) will include obtainment of informed consent, baseline assessments, and a baseline MRI scan (which will be used for subsequent rTMS targeting). After this, patients will return for two blocks of 20Hz rTMS to left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: one in which they receive active rTMS and one in which they receive sham rTMS. Both active and sham rTMS will be delivered as high frequency stimulation (20 hertz, 20Hz). To accomplish this, an rTMS coil capable of delivering active or sham stimulation will be employed. Order of active and sham blocks will be counterbalanced across participants. During each block rTMS (active or sham) will be administered daily for 10 days (Monday through Friday). Neuropsychological testing, including thorough language evaluations, will be done before treatment, after day 1 and day 10 of rTMS treatment. Repeat MRI imaging will be performed after day 1 and day 10 of rTMS treatment. rTMS visit durations will be as follows: Monday (day 1) visit will last approximately 3-4 hours. Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday and Friday visits (day 2 to day 9) will last approximately 1-2 hours. Friday visit (day 10) will last approximately 5 hours.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Within-subject crossover design
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Active rTMS | Experimental | Device: Active rTMSAll study participants will carry a diagnosis of Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA), either the logopenic, the non-fluent variant or the semantic variant. All participants will receive the same study interventions in a within-subject crossover design. |
| Sham rTMS | Experimental | Device: SHAM rTMSAll study participants will carry a diagnosis of Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA), either the logopenic, the non-fluent variant or the semantic variant. All participants will receive the same study interventions in a within-subject crossover design. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 90 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Patients, age 18-90, who carry a diagnosis of either the logopenic (lvPPA), agrammatic non-fluent (nfvPPA) or semantic (svPPA) variants of Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA). Patients must have been observed for at least one year by a specialized clinician.
- Patients must have at least mild to moderate language impairment.
- Patients must be native English speakers.
- Patients must have a study partner (e.g. spouse, sibling or adult child) who can accompany them to every study visit.
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Any history of seizures, unexplained loss of consciousness or a first-degree family member with epilepsy.
- Any history of significant co-occurring neurological illness unrelated to neurodegeneration associated with PPA (e.g. multiple sclerosis), or significant medical problems (e.g. poorly controlled diabetes/hypertension or cancer within 5 years).
- Active symptoms of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, substance use disorder or significant premorbid intellectual disability according to Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM-5) criteria.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) evidence of significant cerebrovascular disease, hydrocephalus or the presence of a space-occupying intra-cranial mass.
- Contraindications to MRI or repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) including: cardiac pacemaker or pacemaker wires, neurostimulators, implanted pumps, metal in the body (rods, plates, screws, shrapnel, dentures, intrauterine device), surgical aneurysm clips in the head, previous neurosurgery or cochlear implants.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Active rTMSAll study participants will receive one block of ACTIVE rTMS. Each block will consist of daily sessions of active rTMS delivered to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex over ten days (Monday through Friday). | Device | Active rTMS |
| SHAM rTMSAll study participants will receive one block of SHAM rTMS. Each block will consist of daily sessions of SHAM rTMS delivered to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex over ten days (Monday through Friday). | Device | Sham rTMS |
Primary outcome
Changes in Language as Measured Through the Boston Naming Test (BNT)
Time frame: Baseline and post-treatment
The outcome is the Boston Naming Test (BNT), a 30-item naming task scored from 0 to 30. Higher scores indicate greater performance. We report the change between Baseline and after two weeks (Monday-Friday; 10 days total) of TMS stimulation post-treatment (post-treatment minus Baseline).
Changes in Brain Network Connectivity Through a Comparison of the Strength of Resting-state Functional Connectivity Metric
Time frame: Baseline and post treatment
The outcome is the caudal Middle Frontal Gyrus resting-state functional connectivity z-scores, ranging between 0 (indicating no connectivity) and 1 (indicating strongest connectivity). We report the difference of functional connectivity scores between Baseline and after two weeks (Monday-Friday; 10 days total) of TMS stimulation post-treatment (post-treatment minus Baseline).
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 1 Apr 2026.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Background: PubMed 22435956Cotelli M, Manenti R, Alberici A, Brambilla M, Cosseddu M, Zanetti O, Miozzo A, Padovani A, Miniussi C, Borroni B. Prefrontal cortex rTMS enhances action naming in progressive non-fluent aphasia. Eur J Neurol. 2012 Nov;19(11):1404-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2012.03699.x. Epub 2012 Mar 21.
- Background: PubMed 17182394Finocchiaro C, Maimone M, Brighina F, Piccoli T, Giglia G, Fierro B. A case study of Primary Progressive Aphasia: improvement on verbs after rTMS treatment. Neurocase. 2006 Dec;12(6):317-21. doi: 10.1080/13554790601126203.
- Background: PubMed 23122915Trebbastoni A, Raccah R, de Lena C, Zangen A, Inghilleri M. Repetitive deep transcranial magnetic stimulation improves verbal fluency and written language in a patient with primary progressive aphasia-logopenic variant (LPPA). Brain Stimul. 2013 Jul;6(4):545-53. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2012.09.014. Epub 2012 Oct 24.
- Background: PubMed 27344155Bereau M, Magnin E, Nicolier M, Berthet L, Dariel E, Ferreira S, Sylvestre G, Monnin J, Chopard G, Bouladour H, Vandel P, Haffen E. Left Prefrontal Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in a Logopenic Variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia: A Case Report. Eur Neurol. 2016;76(1-2):12-8. doi: 10.1159/000447399. Epub 2016 Jun 25.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Related trials for Logopenic Variant Primary Progressive Aphasia
Recruiting
Targeting Language-specific and Executive-control Networks With Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Logopenic Variant PPA
Logopenic Progressive Aphasia, Primary Progressive Aphasia
Recruiting
Remotely-supervised Neuromodulation in PPA
Primary Progressive Aphasia(PPA), Progressive Aphasia
RecruitingPhase 2
Longitudinal Imaging of Microglial Activation in Different Clinical Variants of Alzheimer's Disease
Alzheimer Disease
Enrolling by invitation
Targeted Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Improve Language and Speech in Patients With Primary Progressive Aphasia
Primary Progressive Aphasia(PPA)
Recruiting
Intervention for Communication Quality of Life in Primary Progressive Aphasia
Primary Progressive Aphasia(PPA), Semantic Dementia
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Active rTMS in people with Logopenic Variant Primary Progressive Aphasia and Non-fluent Variant Primary Progressive Aphasia, run by Massachusetts General Hospital at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 1 Apr 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 4 Nov 2025). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Changes in Language as Measured Through the Boston Naming Test (BNT) (time frame: Baseline and post-treatment). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04188067, which also lists 4 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 1 Apr 2026.