Cancer PreventionNCT04038385
WIC-Based Intervention to Promote Healthy Eating Among Low-Income Mothers
A study testing Multilevel Behavioral Intervention in people with Cancer Prevention and Diet Modification, run by William Paterson University of New Jersey at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
Whole grains, non-starchy vegetables, fruit, and beans are a consistent feature of diets associated with a lower risk of cancer and other diet-related diseases. For cancer risk reduction, the American Cancer Society recommendation is to consume at least 2.5 cups of a variety of fruits and vegetables daily. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 99 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Cancer Prevention, Diet Modification, Vegetable Intake
- What is being tested?
- Multilevel Behavioral Intervention
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 297 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 3 Jun 2019to 31 Aug 2021
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 99 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- English- or Spanish-speaking
- Farmers' Market Nutrition Program (FMNP) voucher recipient or caregiver of a child FMNP voucher recipient
- Not less than 3 months from expected delivery date (pregnant women)
- Eligible to receive WIC benefits for 6 months after study entry
Who cannot join
- ● Restrictions of food intake (has food allergies or foods that cannot be eaten)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Saint Joseph's WIC Program
Paterson, New Jersey, 07524
About this study
Whole grains, non-starchy vegetables, fruit, and beans are a consistent feature of diets associated with a lower risk of cancer and other diet-related diseases. For cancer risk reduction, the American Cancer Society recommendation is to consume at least 2.5 cups of a variety of fruits and vegetables daily. Other than dietary choices, weight control and physical activity levels are important modifiable determinants of cancer risk. This study finalized a novel, theory-driven farm-to-WIC intervention developed in preliminary work to promote vegetable intake among low-income adults served by the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). In New Jersey (the location of the study), WIC provides participants up to $30 in seasonal Farmers' Market Nutrition Program (FMNP) vouchers and monthly cash value vouchers or CVV (valued at $11 for adults and $8 for children at the time of the study) redeemable at farmers' markets. The program combined behaviorally focused nutrition education with the establishment of a WIC-based farmers' market (implemented in the summer of 2019 during the FMNP voucher issuance period). Content to address other modifiable determinants of cancer risk was added. To create additional opportunities for experiential and hands-on learning, monthly trips to an area farmers' market were held (between September 1, 2019 [after the WIC-based market was discontinued] and November 30, 2019 [the end of the local growing season]). The research employed an experimental design to initially test the intervention in 3 WIC agency sites (1 intervention and 2 control sites) with 297 urban, primarily Hispanic adults. Program effects on primary outcomes of vegetable intake (measured objectively using dermal carotenoids as a biomarker of intake and via self-report) and FMNP voucher redemption (objectively assessed using data provided by WIC) were examined at mid- and post-intervention (3 and 6 months post-baseline, respectively). Intervention effects on potential hypothesized mediators and the redemption of CVV at farmers' markets, participant satisfaction with the program, and the cost-effectiveness of the intervention also were examined.
- Conditions
- Cancer Prevention, Diet Modification, Vegetable Intake
- Being tested
- Multilevel Behavioral Intervention
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Multilevel Behavioral InterventionBehavioural
Behaviorally-focused intervention grounded in the Social Ecological Model and Social Cognitive Theory to promote vegetable intake and the redemption of seasonal Farmers' Market Nutrition Program vouchers and monthly Cash Value Vouchers at farmers' markets.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Experimental | This group will receive routine services provided by WIC and an intervention that will combine behaviorally-focused nutrition education with 1) the establishment of a WIC-based farmers' market (implemented in 2019 during the WIC Farmers' Market Nutrition Program voucher issuance period [June 19 to August 19]), and 2) monthly trips to an area farmers' market (between September 1, 2019 and November 30, 2019 [the end of the local growing season]). Receives: Behavioral: Multilevel Behavioral Intervention |
| Control | No intervention | This group will receive routine services provided by WIC only. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Vegetable Intake Carotenoid Scores at 3 Months
Vegetable intake was objectively assessed using a reflection spectroscopy device (the Veggie Meter) to measure the level of carotenoid pigments in participants' skin (scores can range from 0 to 800). Higher scores indicate a better outcomes (higher carotenoid levels).
Measured: 3 months
Vegetable Intake Carotenoid Scores at 6 Months
Vegetable intake was objectively assessed using a reflection spectroscopy device (the Veggie Meter) to measure the level of carotenoid pigments in participants' skin (scores can range from 0 to 800). Higher scores indicate a better outcomes (higher carotenoid levels).
Measured: 6 months
Self-Reported Vegetable Intake at 3 Months
Assessed with one of two items in a screening instrument developed by the National Cancer Institute. Participants reported the number of cups of vegetables (including 100% vegetable juice) they ate or drank each day (range 0-7). Higher numbers represent a better outcome (higher cups/day of vegetables consumed).
Measured: 3 months
Self-Reported Vegetable Intake at 6 Months
Assessed with one of two items in a screening instrument developed by the National Cancer Institute. Participants reported the number of cups of vegetables (including 100% vegetable juice) they ate or drank each day (range 0-7). Higher numbers represent a better outcome (higher cups/day of vegetables consumed).
Measured: 6 months
Number of Participants Who Redeemed Any Farmers' Market Nutrition Program (FMNP) Vouchers at 6 Months
Objectively assessed using data provided by the collaborating WIC agency. WIC reported whether participants redeemed any FMNP vouchers (yes or no) from baseline to 6 months.
Measured: 6 months
Secondary outcomes (20)
Knowledge of Vegetable Intake Recommendations at 3 Months
Assessed via self-report with an item from the National Cancer Institute's Food, Attitudes, and Behaviors (FAB) survey. Based on their responses, participants were classified as knowledgeable of the recommended cups per day (yes or no).
Measured: 3 months
Knowledge of Vegetable Intake Recommendations at 6 Months
Assessed via self-report with an item from the National Cancer Institute's Food, Attitudes, and Behaviors (FAB) survey. Based on their responses, participants were classified as knowledgeable of the recommended cups per day (yes or no).
Measured: 6 months
Home Vegetable Availability (Quantity) at 3 Months
Assessed with items from the Healthy Home Survey. Participants reported the number of fresh, frozen, and canned vegetables they had at home. Responses were summed across items to derive a total score (range 0-23). Higher scores indicate a better outcome (a higher number of vegetables at home).
Measured: 3 months
Home Vegetable Availability (Quantity) at 6 Months
Assessed with items from the Healthy Home Survey. Participants reported the number of fresh, frozen, and canned vegetables they had at home. Responses were summed across items to derive a total score (range 0-23). Higher scores indicate a better outcome (a higher number of vegetables at home).
Measured: 6 months
Home Vegetable Availability (Variety) at 3 Months
Assessed with items from the Healthy Home Survey. Participants reported the number of fresh, frozen, and canned vegetables they had at home. The number of different (unique) vegetables reported was summed across items to derive a total score (range 0-21). Higher scores indicate a better outcome (a greater variety of vegetables at home).
Measured: 3 months
Home Vegetable Availability (Variety) at 6 Months
Assessed with items from the Healthy Home Survey. Participants reported the number of fresh, frozen, and canned vegetables they had at home. The number of different (unique) vegetables reported was summed to derive a total score (range 0-21). Higher scores indicate a better outcome (a greater variety of vegetables at home).
Measured: 6 months
Vegetable Taste Preferences at 3 Months
Assessed with a single item (the Preference Rating Measure) querying overall, how much the participant likes the taste of vegetables (on a 7-point scale ranging from not at all to a lot). Scores can range from 1 to 7. Higher scores represent a better outcome (stronger vegetable taste preferences).
Measured: 3 months
Vegetable Taste Preferences at 6 Months
Assessed with a single item (the Preference Rating Measure) querying overall, how much the participant likes the taste of vegetables (on a 7-point scale ranging from not at all to a lot). Scores can range from 1 to 7. Higher scores represent a better outcome (stronger vegetable taste preferences).
Measured: 6 months
Vegetable Preparation Practices at 3 Months
Assessed via items from the Eating Among Teens and Young Adults Study (EAT)-II Survey (Laska et al., 2011). Participants reported how often, in the past month, they 1) bought fresh vegetables, 2) prepared a vegetable salad, and 3) prepared a dinner with vegetables. Responses were on a 5-point scale ranging from never to more than once a week. Ratings were summed across items to derive a total score. Scores can range from 1 to 15. Higher scores represent a better outcome (frequent use of the practices).
Measured: 3 months
Vegetable Preparation Practices at 6 Months
Assessed via items from the Eating Among Teens and Young Adults Study (EAT)-II Survey (Laska et al., 2011). Participants reported how often, in the past month, they 1) bought fresh vegetables, 2) prepared a vegetable salad, and 3) prepared a dinner with vegetables. Responses were on a 5-point scale ranging from never to more than once a week. Ratings were summed across items to derive a total score. Scores can range from 1 to 15. Higher scores represent a better outcome (frequent use of the practices).
Measured: 6 months
Vegetable Preparation Skills at 3 Months
Assessed via a single item (the Preparation Skills Rating Measure) querying how the participant would rate his or her overall skill in preparing vegetables (on a 7-point scale ranging from poor to excellent). Scores can range from 1 to 7. Higher scores represent a better outcome (greater vegetable preparation skills).
Measured: 3 months
Vegetable Preparation Skills at 6 Months
Assessed via a single item (the Preparation Skills Rating Measure) querying how the participant would rate his or her overall skill in preparing vegetables (on a 7-point scale ranging from poor to excellent). Scores can range from 1 to 7. Higher scores represent a better outcome (greater vegetable preparation skills).
Measured: 6 months
Social Support for Vegetable Consumption at 3 Months
Assessed via a single item (the Social Support Rating Measure) querying how much others support the participant to consume vegetables (on a 7-point scale ranging from not at all to a lot). Scores can range from 1 to 7. Higher scores represent a better outcome (greater social support for vegetable consumption).
Measured: 3 months
Social Support for Vegetable Consumption at 6 Months
Assessed via a single item (the Social Support Rating Measure) querying how much others support the participant to consume vegetables (on a 7-point scale ranging from not at all to a lot). Scores can range from 1 to 7. Higher scores represent a better outcome (greater social support for vegetable consumption).
Measured: 6 months
Self-efficacy for Vegetable Consumption at 3 Months
Assessed with a validated measure used to evaluate the Stellar Farmers' Market program (Dannefer et al., 2015). Participants rated how much they agreed or disagreed with statements designed to measure confidence in the ability to prepare and consume fresh produce. Item ratings are on a 4-point scale ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (4). Ratings were summed across items to derive a total score. Scores can range from 5 to 20. Higher scores represent a better outcome (greater self-efficacy for vegetable consumption).
Measured: 3 months
Self-efficacy for Vegetable Consumption at 6 Months
Assessed with a validated measure used to evaluate the Stellar Farmers' Market program (Dannefer et al., 2015). Participants rated how much they agreed or disagreed with statements designed to measure confidence in the ability to prepare and consume fresh produce. Item ratings are on a 4-point scale ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (4). Ratings were summed across items to derive a total score. Scores can range from 5 to 20. Higher scores represent a better outcome (greater self-efficacy for vegetable consumption).
Measured: 6 months
Body Mass Index at 3 Months
Height and weight were measured by trained research staff with participants wearing light clothing without shoes. Body mass index was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in square meters.
Measured: 3 months
Body Mass Index at 6 Months
Height and weight were measured by trained research staff with participants wearing light clothing without shoes. Body mass index was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in square meters.
Measured: 6 months
Number of Participants Who Met Physical Activity Guidelines at 3 Months
Assessed with a validated 2-item measure (the Brief Physical Activity Assessment Tool or BPAAT [Marshall et al., 2005]). The instrument consists of two questions, one that assesses the frequency and duration of vigorous intensity physical activity and one that assesses the frequency and duration of moderate intensity physical activity undertaken in a usual week. A scoring algorithm is used to derive a total score (scores can range from 0 to 8). Participants are classified as meeting current physical activity guidelines (yes or no) based on the scores (a score greater than or equal to 4 indicates that the participant is meeting current physical activity guidelines, whereas a score between 0 and 3 indicates that the participant is not).
Measured: 3 months
Number of Participants Who Met Physical Activity Guidelines at 6 Months
Assessed with a validated 2-item measure (the Brief Physical Activity Assessment Tool or BPAAT [Marshall et al., 2005]). The instrument consists of two questions, one that assesses the frequency and duration of vigorous intensity physical activity and one that assesses the frequency and duration of moderate intensity physical activity undertaken in a usual week. A scoring algorithm is used to derive a total score (scores can range from 0 to 8). Participants are classified as meeting current physical activity guidelines (yes/no) based on the scores (a score greater than or equal to 4 indicates that the participant is meeting current physical activity guidelines, whereas a score between 0 and 3 indicates that the participant is not).
Measured: 6 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted30 Jul 2019
- Study start3 Jun 2019
- Primary completion31 Jan 2020
- Study completion31 Aug 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (4)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Cancer PreventionStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider
- Enrolment
- 297 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- William Paterson University of New Jersey
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Jennifer Di Noia, PhD, Principal investigator, William Paterson University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04038385
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 1R21CA230476-01
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 14 Jul 2019
- Last updated
- 10 Sep 2026
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Publications
Di Noia J, Gellermann W. Use of the Spectroscopy-Based Veggie Meter(R) to Objectively Assess Fruit and Vegetable Intake in Low-Income Adults. Nutrients. 2021 Jun 30;13(7):2270. doi: 10.3390/nu13072270.
PubMed 34209048Di Noia J, Monica D, Jensen HH, Sikorskii A. Economic evaluation of a farm-to-Special Supplemental Nutrition Programme for Women, Infants and Children intervention promoting vegetable consumption. Public Health Nutr. 2021 Aug;24(12):3922-3928. doi: 10.1017/S1368980021001981. Epub 2021 May 11.
PubMed 33972002Di Noia J, Monica D, Sikorskii A, Nelson J. Pilot Study of a Farm-to-Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Intervention Promoting Vegetable Consumption. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2021 Oct;121(10):2035-2045. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.12.020. Epub 2021 Jan 22.
PubMed 33487590Di Noia J, Monica D, Sikorskii A. Process Evaluation of a Farm-to-WIC Intervention. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2021 Oct;121(10):2021-2034. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.05.014. Epub 2021 Jun 16.
PubMed 34144918
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 10 Sep 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- WIC-Based Intervention to Promote Healthy Eating Among Low-Income Mothers
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04038385
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 1R21CA230476-01
- Conditions
- Cancer Prevention, Diet Modification, Vegetable Intake
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 297 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- William Paterson University of New JerseyUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 3 Jun 2019 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Jan 2020 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Aug 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 30 Jul 2019 (actual)
- Results
- Posted 23 Dec 2021
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Whole grains, non-starchy vegetables, fruit, and beans are a consistent feature of diets associated with a lower risk of cancer and other diet-related diseases. For cancer risk reduction, the American Cancer Society recommendation is to consume at least 2.5 cups of a variety of fruits and vegetables daily. Other than dietary choices, weight control and physical activity levels are important modifiable determinants of cancer risk. This study finalized a novel, theory-driven farm-to-WIC intervention developed in preliminary work to promote vegetable intake among low-income adults served by the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). In New Jersey (the location of the study), WIC provides participants up to $30 in seasonal Farmers' Market Nutrition Program (FMNP) vouchers and monthly cash value vouchers or CVV (valued at $11 for adults and $8 for children at the time of the study) redeemable at farmers' markets. The program combined behaviorally focused nutrition education with the establishment of a WIC-based farmers' market (implemented in the summer of 2019 during the FMNP voucher issuance period). Content to address other modifiable determinants of cancer risk was added. To create additional opportunities for experiential and hands-on learning, monthly trips to an area farmers' market were held (between September 1, 2019 [after the WIC-based market was discontinued] and November 30, 2019 [the end of the local growing season]). The research employed an experimental design to initially test the intervention in 3 WIC agency sites (1 intervention and 2 control sites) with 297 urban, primarily Hispanic adults. Program effects on primary outcomes of vegetable intake (measured objectively using dermal carotenoids as a biomarker of intake and via self-report) and FMNP voucher redemption (objectively assessed using data provided by WIC) were examined at mid- and post-intervention (3 and 6 months post-baseline, respectively). Intervention effects on potential hypothesized mediators and the redemption of CVV at farmers' markets, participant satisfaction with the program, and the cost-effectiveness of the intervention also were examined.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, care provider)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Experimental | Behavioral: Multilevel Behavioral InterventionThis group will receive routine services provided by WIC and an intervention that will combine behaviorally-focused nutrition education with 1) the establishment of a WIC-based farmers' market (implemented in 2019 during the WIC Farmers' Market Nutrition Program voucher issuance period [June 19 to August 19]), and 2) monthly trips to an area farmers' market (between September 1, 2019 and November 30, 2019 [the end of the local growing season]). |
| Control | No intervention | –This group will receive routine services provided by WIC only. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 99 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- English- or Spanish-speaking
- Farmers' Market Nutrition Program (FMNP) voucher recipient or caregiver of a child FMNP voucher recipient
- Not less than 3 months from expected delivery date (pregnant women)
- Eligible to receive WIC benefits for 6 months after study entry
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- ● Restrictions of food intake (has food allergies or foods that cannot be eaten)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Multilevel Behavioral InterventionBehaviorally-focused intervention grounded in the Social Ecological Model and Social Cognitive Theory to promote vegetable intake and the redemption of seasonal Farmers' Market Nutrition Program vouchers and monthly Cash Value Vouchers at farmers' markets. | Behavioural | Intervention |
Primary outcome
Vegetable Intake Carotenoid Scores at 3 Months
Time frame: 3 months
Vegetable intake was objectively assessed using a reflection spectroscopy device (the Veggie Meter) to measure the level of carotenoid pigments in participants' skin (scores can range from 0 to 800). Higher scores indicate a better outcomes (higher carotenoid levels).
Vegetable Intake Carotenoid Scores at 6 Months
Time frame: 6 months
Vegetable intake was objectively assessed using a reflection spectroscopy device (the Veggie Meter) to measure the level of carotenoid pigments in participants' skin (scores can range from 0 to 800). Higher scores indicate a better outcomes (higher carotenoid levels).
Self-Reported Vegetable Intake at 3 Months
Time frame: 3 months
Assessed with one of two items in a screening instrument developed by the National Cancer Institute. Participants reported the number of cups of vegetables (including 100% vegetable juice) they ate or drank each day (range 0-7). Higher numbers represent a better outcome (higher cups/day of vegetables consumed).
Self-Reported Vegetable Intake at 6 Months
Time frame: 6 months
Assessed with one of two items in a screening instrument developed by the National Cancer Institute. Participants reported the number of cups of vegetables (including 100% vegetable juice) they ate or drank each day (range 0-7). Higher numbers represent a better outcome (higher cups/day of vegetables consumed).
Number of Participants Who Redeemed Any Farmers' Market Nutrition Program (FMNP) Vouchers at 6 Months
Time frame: 6 months
Objectively assessed using data provided by the collaborating WIC agency. WIC reported whether participants redeemed any FMNP vouchers (yes or no) from baseline to 6 months.
20 secondary outcomes
Knowledge of Vegetable Intake Recommendations at 3 Months
Time frame: 3 months
Knowledge of Vegetable Intake Recommendations at 6 Months
Time frame: 6 months
Home Vegetable Availability (Quantity) at 3 Months
Time frame: 3 months
Home Vegetable Availability (Quantity) at 6 Months
Time frame: 6 months
Home Vegetable Availability (Variety) at 3 Months
Time frame: 3 months
Home Vegetable Availability (Variety) at 6 Months
Time frame: 6 months
Vegetable Taste Preferences at 3 Months
Time frame: 3 months
Vegetable Taste Preferences at 6 Months
Time frame: 6 months
Vegetable Preparation Practices at 3 Months
Time frame: 3 months
Vegetable Preparation Practices at 6 Months
Time frame: 6 months
Vegetable Preparation Skills at 3 Months
Time frame: 3 months
Vegetable Preparation Skills at 6 Months
Time frame: 6 months
Social Support for Vegetable Consumption at 3 Months
Time frame: 3 months
Social Support for Vegetable Consumption at 6 Months
Time frame: 6 months
Self-efficacy for Vegetable Consumption at 3 Months
Time frame: 3 months
Self-efficacy for Vegetable Consumption at 6 Months
Time frame: 6 months
Body Mass Index at 3 Months
Time frame: 3 months
Body Mass Index at 6 Months
Time frame: 6 months
Number of Participants Who Met Physical Activity Guidelines at 3 Months
Time frame: 3 months
Number of Participants Who Met Physical Activity Guidelines at 6 Months
Time frame: 6 months
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 10 Sep 2026.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Background: PubMed 34209048Di Noia J, Gellermann W. Use of the Spectroscopy-Based Veggie Meter(R) to Objectively Assess Fruit and Vegetable Intake in Low-Income Adults. Nutrients. 2021 Jun 30;13(7):2270. doi: 10.3390/nu13072270.
- Results publication: PubMed 33972002Di Noia J, Monica D, Jensen HH, Sikorskii A. Economic evaluation of a farm-to-Special Supplemental Nutrition Programme for Women, Infants and Children intervention promoting vegetable consumption. Public Health Nutr. 2021 Aug;24(12):3922-3928. doi: 10.1017/S1368980021001981. Epub 2021 May 11.
- Results publication: PubMed 33487590Di Noia J, Monica D, Sikorskii A, Nelson J. Pilot Study of a Farm-to-Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Intervention Promoting Vegetable Consumption. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2021 Oct;121(10):2035-2045. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.12.020. Epub 2021 Jan 22.
- Results publication: PubMed 34144918Di Noia J, Monica D, Sikorskii A. Process Evaluation of a Farm-to-WIC Intervention. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2021 Oct;121(10):2021-2034. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.05.014. Epub 2021 Jun 16.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Jennifer Di Noia, PhD principal investigator
William Paterson University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Multilevel Behavioral Intervention in people with Cancer Prevention and Diet Modification, run by William Paterson University of New Jersey at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 10 Sep 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 23 Dec 2021). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Vegetable Intake Carotenoid Scores at 3 Months (time frame: 3 months). The study lists 5 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04038385, which also lists 4 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 10 Sep 2026.