Hepatic ImpairmentPhase 1NCT04020016
Study of Nalbuphine ER in Participants With Hepatic Impairment
A Phase 1 study testing Nalbuphine ER in people with Hepatic Impairment, run by Trevi Therapeutics at 3 sites in United States.
Trial summary
This research study will evaluate the effect of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics (the breakdown of the drug in the body) of parallel-group, multiple oral doses nalbuphine extended release (NAL ER), tablets in people with hepatic impairment (mild, moderate and severe), compared to people with normal liver… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 80 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Hepatic Impairment
- What is being tested?
- Nalbuphine ER
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 28 participants
- Where
- 3 sitesUnited States
- Study dates
- 12 Jun 2019to 5 Feb 2020
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 80 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- For participants with Hepatic Impairment (Cohort 1 to 4 and Cohort 6):
- Male or female with stable hepatic impairment, non-smoker and/or light smoker.
- Clinical diagnosis of liver cirrhosis
- Stable for study participation based upon medical history, physical examination, vital signs, ECGs, and screening clinical laboratory evaluations
- For Healthy participants (Cohort 5):
- Male or female, non-smoker and/or light smoker (up to 5 cigarettes or equivalent/day)
Show all 9Show fewer
- Healthy as defined by:
- Normal hepatic function
- The absence of clinically significant illness and surgery within 4 weeks prior to dosing.
Who cannot join
- For participants with Hepatic Impairment (Cohort 1 to 4 and Cohort 6):
- Clinically significant unstable medical conditions
- Clinically significant abnormalities of laboratory, ECG, pulse oximetry, or clinical data that would preclude participation in the study.
- History of any illness that might confound the results of the study or pose an additional risk to the participant by participation in the study.
- For Healthy participants (Cohort 5):
- Diagnosis of liver disease
- History of heart problems.
- History of significant alcohol abuse or drug abuse
Trial locations and contacts
3 sites in 1 country.
United States3 sites
01
Miami, Florida, 33136
02
Miami, Florida, 33146
03
Orlando, Florida, 32809
About this study
Official title: A Phase 1, Open-Label, Non-Randomized, Parallel-Group, Multiple-Escalating-Dose Pharmacokinetic Study of Nalbuphine Extended-Release Oral Tablets in Subjects With Impaired Hepatic Function Compared to Healthy Subjects and Exploratory Effect on Itch
This research study will evaluate the effect of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics (the breakdown of the drug in the body) of parallel-group, multiple oral doses nalbuphine extended release (NAL ER), tablets in people with hepatic impairment (mild, moderate and severe), compared to people with normal liver function. The study will also test the safety and tolerability of the NAL ER, when it is given to participants with mild, moderate and severe hepatic impairment, compared to participants with normal liver function. This protocol will also study the effects of this drug on itching in hepatic impairment participants if they report some itching prior to taking part in this study.
- Conditions
- Hepatic Impairment
- Being tested
- Nalbuphine ER
- Keywords
- nalbuphine, Pharmacokinetic, hepatic impairment
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Nalbuphine ERDrug
Also called NAL ER
Oral tablet
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Part 1 Single Ascending Dose | Experimental | Participants with mild (group 1), moderate (group 2) and severe (group 3) hepatic impairment received single dose ranging from 27 mg up to 162 mg of NAL ER tablet under fasting conditions. There was a washout period of at least 7 days between the drug administration between each dose level. Participants with no hepatic impairment (group 4) received a single dose of NAL ER of up to 162 mg under fasting conditions. Receives: Drug: Nalbuphine ER |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Part 1: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of NAL ER
Measured: Pre-dose and 1.5, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours post-dose at Day 1 in each dose level
Part 1: Time to Reach Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of NAL ER
Measured: Pre-dose and 1.5, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours post-dose at Day 1 in each dose level
Part 1: Terminal Elimination Half-Life (T1/2 el) of NAL ER
Measured: Pre-dose and 1.5, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours post-dose at Day 1 in each dose level
Part 1: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time Zero to Infinity (AUC0-inf) of NAL ER
Measured: Pre-dose and 1.5, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours post-dose at Day 1 in each dose level
Part 1: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time Zero to Last Measurable Concentration (AUC0-t) of NAL ER
Measured: Pre-dose and 1.5, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours post-dose at Day 1 in each dose level
Part 1: Number of Participants Who Experienced at Least One Treatment Emergent Adverse Event (TEAE)
An AE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant or clinical investigation participant administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with the treatment. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding, for example), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. A TEAE was defined as any AE that occurs after the first dose of study drug. TEAEs included both serious and non-serious TEAEs.
Measured: From signing the informed consent form up to Day 4
Part 1: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Abnormalities in Laboratory Parameters
The clinical laboratory parameters included the clinical chemistry, hematology, coagulation, and urinalysis. Clinical significance was determined by the investigator.
Measured: From signing the informed consent form up to Day 4
Part 1: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Findings in Vital Sign Parameters
Vital signs measurements included diastolic and systolic blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature. Clinical significance was determined by the investigator.
Measured: From signing the informed consent form up to Day 4
Part 1: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Findings in Physical Examination Parameters
Physical examination included examination of at least the following components: head, eyes, ears, nose, throat (HEENT), neck, lungs, abdomen, skin, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal evaluation, and general neurological examination. Clinical significance was determined by the investigator.
Measured: From signing the informed consent form up to Day 4
Part 1: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Abnormalities in 12-Lead Electrocardiogram (ECG)
ECG data included the measurement of heart rate and aggregate PR interval, QRS duration, QT interval, QTcB interval, and QTcF interval.
Measured: From signing the informed consent form up to Day 4
Part 1: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Findings in Pulse Oximetry
Oxygen saturation was measured via pulse oximetry. Pulse oximetry measurements were to be collected within 10 min before or after the specified time point. Clinical significance was determined by the investigator.
Measured: Pre-dose and 1.5, 4, 5, and 8 hours post-dose in each dose level
Secondary outcomes (1)
Part 2: Change From Baseline in Worst Itch Numerical Rating Scale (WI-NRS)
WI-NRS measure was used determine the severity of itch experienced by participants with hepatic impairment (for Cohort 6 only) at screening. Participants were to complete the two forms (the "Night-time Itch" and the "Daytime Itch") at the same time during the screening visit and the average was taken to determine the baseline severity. The scale was a 0 to 10 rating scale with 10 being the most severe itch experienced and 0 being no itching experienced. Higher score indicated greater severity of itching.
Measured: Baseline, Day 16
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted15 Jul 2019
- Study start12 Jun 2019
- Primary completion5 Feb 2020
- Study completion5 Feb 2020
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Other trials for Hepatic ImpairmentStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Sequential
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 28 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Trevi Therapeutics
- Sponsor type
- Industry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Collaborators
- Syneos Health
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Chief Development Officer, Study director, Trevi Therapeutics, Inc.
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04020016
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Protocol 182018 (TR10)
- Status last verified
- Feb 2026
- First submitted
- 30 May 2019
- Last updated
- 19 Mar 2026
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- Yes
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 19 Mar 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Phase 1, Open-Label, Non-Randomized, Parallel-Group, Multiple-Escalating-Dose Pharmacokinetic Study of Nalbuphine Extended-Release Oral Tablets in Subjects With Impaired Hepatic Function Compared to Healthy Subjects and Exploratory Effect on Itch
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04020016
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Protocol 182018 (TR10)
- Conditions
- Hepatic Impairment
- Keywords
- nalbuphine, Pharmacokinetic, hepatic impairment
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 28 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Trevi TherapeuticsIndustry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Collaborators
- Syneos Health
- Study start
- 12 Jun 2019 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 5 Feb 2020 (actual)
- Study completion
- 5 Feb 2020 (actual)
- First posted
- 15 Jul 2019 (actual)
- Results
- Posted 19 Mar 2026
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This research study will evaluate the effect of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics (the breakdown of the drug in the body) of parallel-group, multiple oral doses nalbuphine extended release (NAL ER), tablets in people with hepatic impairment (mild, moderate and severe), compared to people with normal liver function. The study will also test the safety and tolerability of the NAL ER, when it is given to participants with mild, moderate and severe hepatic impairment, compared to participants with normal liver function. This protocol will also study the effects of this drug on itching in hepatic impairment participants if they report some itching prior to taking part in this study.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Sequential
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Part 1 Single Ascending Dose | Experimental | Drug: Nalbuphine ERParticipants with mild (group 1), moderate (group 2) and severe (group 3) hepatic impairment received single dose ranging from 27 mg up to 162 mg of NAL ER tablet under fasting conditions. There was a washout period of at least 7 days between the drug administration between each dose level. Participants with no hepatic impairment (group 4) received a single dose of NAL ER of up to 162 mg under fasting conditions. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 80 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Male or female with stable hepatic impairment, non-smoker and/or light smoker.
- Clinical diagnosis of liver cirrhosis
- Stable for study participation based upon medical history, physical examination, vital signs, ECGs, and screening clinical laboratory evaluations
- Male or female, non-smoker and/or light smoker (up to 5 cigarettes or equivalent/day)
- Healthy as defined by:
Key exclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Clinically significant unstable medical conditions
- Clinically significant abnormalities of laboratory, ECG, pulse oximetry, or clinical data that would preclude participation in the study.
- History of any illness that might confound the results of the study or pose an additional risk to the participant by participation in the study.
- Diagnosis of liver disease
- History of heart problems.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Nalbuphine ERAlso: NAL EROral tablet | Drug | Part 1 Single Ascending Dose |
Primary outcome
Part 1: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of NAL ER
Time frame: Pre-dose and 1.5, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours post-dose at Day 1 in each dose level
Part 1: Time to Reach Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of NAL ER
Time frame: Pre-dose and 1.5, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours post-dose at Day 1 in each dose level
Part 1: Terminal Elimination Half-Life (T1/2 el) of NAL ER
Time frame: Pre-dose and 1.5, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours post-dose at Day 1 in each dose level
Part 1: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time Zero to Infinity (AUC0-inf) of NAL ER
Time frame: Pre-dose and 1.5, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours post-dose at Day 1 in each dose level
Part 1: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time Zero to Last Measurable Concentration (AUC0-t) of NAL ER
Time frame: Pre-dose and 1.5, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours post-dose at Day 1 in each dose level
Part 1: Number of Participants Who Experienced at Least One Treatment Emergent Adverse Event (TEAE)
Time frame: From signing the informed consent form up to Day 4
An AE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant or clinical investigation participant administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with the treatment. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding, for example), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. A TEAE was defined as any AE that occurs after the first dose of study drug. TEAEs included both serious and non-serious TEAEs.
Part 1: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Abnormalities in Laboratory Parameters
Time frame: From signing the informed consent form up to Day 4
The clinical laboratory parameters included the clinical chemistry, hematology, coagulation, and urinalysis. Clinical significance was determined by the investigator.
Part 1: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Findings in Vital Sign Parameters
Time frame: From signing the informed consent form up to Day 4
Vital signs measurements included diastolic and systolic blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature. Clinical significance was determined by the investigator.
Part 1: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Findings in Physical Examination Parameters
Time frame: From signing the informed consent form up to Day 4
Physical examination included examination of at least the following components: head, eyes, ears, nose, throat (HEENT), neck, lungs, abdomen, skin, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal evaluation, and general neurological examination. Clinical significance was determined by the investigator.
Part 1: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Abnormalities in 12-Lead Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Time frame: From signing the informed consent form up to Day 4
ECG data included the measurement of heart rate and aggregate PR interval, QRS duration, QT interval, QTcB interval, and QTcF interval.
Part 1: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Findings in Pulse Oximetry
Time frame: Pre-dose and 1.5, 4, 5, and 8 hours post-dose in each dose level
Oxygen saturation was measured via pulse oximetry. Pulse oximetry measurements were to be collected within 10 min before or after the specified time point. Clinical significance was determined by the investigator.
1 secondary outcome
Part 2: Change From Baseline in Worst Itch Numerical Rating Scale (WI-NRS)
Time frame: Baseline, Day 16
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 19 Mar 2026.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Chief Development Officer study director
Trevi Therapeutics, Inc.
3 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 1 study testing Nalbuphine ER in people with Hepatic Impairment, run by Trevi Therapeutics at 3 sites in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 9 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 19 Mar 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 3 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 1 studies test a treatment in a small group of people for the first time or in a new way, mainly to check safety and find the right dose.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 19 Mar 2026). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Part 1: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of NAL ER (time frame: Pre-dose and 1.5, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours post-dose at Day 1 in each dose level). The study lists 11 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 19 Mar 2026.