A Research Study Comparing a New Medicine Oral Semaglutide to Sitagliptin in People With Type 2 Diabetes

Change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from baseline to week 26 in millimole per liter (mmol/l) is presented. The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization and the end date which was the first date of any of the following: the last dose of trial product plus 3 days or initiation of rescue medication.

Change from baseline in mean 7-point SMPG profile at week 26 is presented. SMPG was recorded at the following 7 time points: before breakfast, 90 minutes after start of breakfast, before lunch, 90 minutes after start of lunch, before dinner, 90 minutes after dinner and at bedtime. The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization and the end date which was the first date of any of the following: the last dose of trial product plus 3 days or initiation of rescue medication.

Change from baseline in 7-point SMPG: Mean postprandial increment (over all meals) at week 26 is presented. The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization and the end date which was the first date of any of the following: the last dose of trial product plus 3 days or initiation of rescue medication.

Number of participants who achieved HbA1c <7.0% (53 mmol/mol) (ADA target) is presented in category "Yes" and participants who could not achieve HbA1C <7.0 (53 mmol/mol) (ADA target) is presented in category "No". The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization and the end date which was the first date of any of the following: the last dose of trial product plus 3 days or initiation of rescue medication.

Number of participants who achieved HbA1c equal to or below 6.5 percent (48 mmol/mol) (AACE target) (yes/no) is presented. The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization and the end date which was the first date of any of the following: the last dose of trial product plus 3 days or initiation of rescue medication.

Number of participants who achieved HbA1c reduction equal to or above 1 percent-point (10.9 mmol/mol) (yes/no) is presented. The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization and the end date which was the first date of any of the following: the last dose of trial product plus 3 days or initiation of rescue medication.

Time to rescue medication is presented as the number of participants who had taken rescue medication anytime from baseline to week 31. 'Rescue medication': use of new anti-diabetic medication as add-on to trial product and used for more than 21 days with the initiation at or after randomisation and before last day on trial product, and/or intensification of anti-diabetic medication (a more than 20% increase in dose relative to baseline) for more than 21 days with the intensification at or after randomisation and before last day on trial product. The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization and the end date which was the first date of any of the following: the last dose of trial product plus 3 days or initiation of rescue medication.

Change in body weight from baseline to week 26 in kg is presented. The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization and the end date which was the first date of any of the following: the last dose of trial product plus 3 days or initiation of rescue medication.

Percentage change from baseline to week 26 in body weight is presented. The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization and the end date which was the first date of any of the following: the last dose of trial product plus 3 days or initiation of rescue medication.

Change from baseline in BMI is presented. The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization and the end date which was the first date of any of the following: the last dose of trial product plus 3 days or initiation of rescue medication.

Change from baseline in waist circumference is presented. The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization and the end date which was the first date of any of the following: the last dose of trial product plus 3 days or initiation of rescue medication.

Change from baseline in total cholesterol (measured in mmol/L) at week 26 is presented as ratio to baseline. The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization up to the end date which was the first date of any of the following: the last dose of trial product plus 3 days or initiation of rescue medication.

Change from baseline in LDL cholesterol (measured in mmol/L) at week 26 is presented as ratio to baseline. The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization up to the end date which was the first date of any of the following: the last dose of trial product plus 3 days or initiation of rescue medication.

Change from baseline in VLDL cholesterol (measured in mmol/L) at week 26 is presented as ratio to baseline. The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization up to the end date which was the first date of any of the following: the last dose of trial product plus 3 days or initiation of rescue medication.

Change from baseline in HDL Cholesterol (measured in mmol/L) at week 26 is presented as ratio to baseline. The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization up to the end date which was the first date of any of the following: the last dose of trial product plus 3 days or initiation of rescue medication.

Change from baseline in triglycerides (measured in mmol/L) at week 26 is presented as ratio to baseline. The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization up to the end date which was the first date of any of the following: the last dose of trial product plus 3 days or initiation of rescue medication.

Change from baseline in free fatty acids (measured in mmol/L) at week 26 is presented as ratio to baseline. The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization up to the end date which was the first date of any of the following: the last dose of trial product plus 3 days or initiation of rescue medication.

SF-36 v2.0 is a 36-item, patient-reported survey of patient health. SF-36 measures the participant's overall Health Related Quality of Life on 8 domains (physical functioning, role physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role emotional and mental health) and two component summary scores (physical component summary and mental component summary). Range of score for domains and component summary scores : 1-100 (Higher scores indicated a better health state). A positive change score indicates an improvement since baseline. Outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization up to end date which was first date of any of following: the last dose of trial product plus 3 days or initiation of rescue medication.

Number of participants who achieved body weight loss equal to or above 3 percent (yes/no) is presented. The outcome data was evaluated based on In-trial observation period: This observation period represented the time period where participants were considered to be in the trial, regardless of discontinuation of trial product or initiation of rescue medication. The in-trial observation period started at randomisation (as registered in the IWRS) and ended at the date of: The last direct participant-site contact, which was scheduled to take place 5 weeks after planned last dose of trial product at the follow-up visit; withdrawal for participants who withdrew their informed consent; The last participant-investigator contact as defined by the investigator for participants who were lost to follow-up; Death for participants who died before any of the above.

Number of participants who achieved body weight loss equal to or above 5 percent (yes/no) is presented. The outcome data was evaluated based on In-trial observation period: This observation period represented the time period where participants were considered to be in the trial, regardless of discontinuation of trial product or initiation of rescue medication. The in-trial observation period started at randomisation (as registered in the IWRS) and ended at the date of: The last direct participant-site contact, which was scheduled to take place 5 weeks after planned last dose of trial product at the follow-up visit; withdrawal for participants who withdrew their informed consent; The last participant-investigator contact as defined by the investigator for participants who were lost to follow-up; Death for participants who died before any of the above.

Number of participants who achieved body weight loss equal to or above 10 percent (yes/no). The outcome data was evaluated based on In-trial observation period: This observation period represented the time period where participants were considered to be in the trial, regardless of discontinuation of trial product or initiation of rescue medication. The in-trial observation period started at randomisation (as registered in the IWRS) and ended at the date of: The last direct participant-site contact, which was scheduled to take place 5 weeks after planned last dose of trial product at the follow-up visit; withdrawal for participants who withdrew their informed consent; The last participant-investigator contact as defined by the investigator for participants who were lost to follow-up; Death for participants who died before any of the above.

Number of participants who achieved HbA1c < 7.0 percent (53 mmol/mol) without hypoglycaemia (treatment-emergent severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes) and no body weight gain (yes/no) at week 26 is presented. The outcome data was evaluated based on In-trial observation period: This observation period represented the time period where participants were considered to be in the trial, regardless of discontinuation of trial product or initiation of rescue medication. The in-trial observation period started at randomisation (as registered in the IWRS) and ended at the date of: The last direct participant-site contact, which was scheduled to take place 5 weeks after planned last dose of trial product at the follow-up visit; withdrawal for participants who withdrew their informed consent; The last participant-investigator contact as defined by the investigator for participants who were lost to follow-up; Death for participants who died before any of the above.

Number of participants who achieved HbA1c reduction equal to or above 1 percent-point (10.9 mmol/mol) and body weight loss equal to or above 3 percent (yes/no) is presented. The outcome data was evaluated based on In-trial observation period: This observation period represented the time period where participants were considered to be in the trial, regardless of discontinuation of trial product or initiation of rescue medication. The in-trial observation period started at randomisation (as registered in the IWRS) and ended at the date of: The last direct participant-site contact, which was scheduled to take place 5 weeks after planned last dose of trial product at the follow-up visit; withdrawal for participants who withdrew their informed consent; The last participant-investigator contact as defined by the investigator for participants who were lost to follow-up; Death for participants who died before any of the above.

An adverse event (AE) was defined as any unfavourable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom or disease temporally associated with the use of a product, whether or not considered related to the product. AEs with onset during the on-treatment period correspond to treatment-emergent AEs (TEAEs). The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization up to the first date of any of the following: follow-up visit, premature follow-up visit, last date on trial product plus 38 days or the end of the in-trial observation period.

Number of treatment-emergent severe or blood glucose (BG) confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes during exposure to trial product is presented. Severe: requiring assistance from another person for recovery. 'BG-confirmed': hypoglycaemic episode with a plasma glucose value < 3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL); The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization up to the first date of any of the following: follow-up visit, premature follow-up visit, last date on trial product plus 38 days or the end of the in-trial observation period.

Change from baseline in hematology parameters such as basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils were reported. The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization up to the first date of any of the following: follow-up visit, premature follow-up visit, last date on trial product plus 38 days or the end of the in-trial observation period.

Change from baseline in Haematocrit at week 26 is reported as ratio to baseline. The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization up to the first date of any of the following: follow-up visit, premature follow-up visit, last date on trial product plus 38 days or the end of the in-trial observation period.

Change from baseline in Haemoglobin at week 26 is reported as ratio to baseline. The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization up to the first date of any of the following: follow-up visit, premature follow-up visit, last date on trial product plus 38 days or the end of the in-trial observation period.

Change from baseline in Leucocytes at week 26 is reported as ratio to baseline. The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization up to the first date of any of the following: follow-up visit, premature follow-up visit, last date on trial product plus 38 days or the end of the in-trial observation period.

Change from baseline in thrombocytes at week 26 is reported as ratio to baseline. The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization up to the first date of any of the following: follow-up visit, premature follow-up visit, last date on trial product plus 38 days or the end of the in-trial observation period.

Change from baseline in calcium (total) (measured in mmol/L) at week 26 is presented as ratio to baseline. The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization up to the first date of any of the following: follow-up visit, premature follow-up visit, last date on trial product plus 38 days or the end of the in-trial observation period.

Change from baseline in potassium (measured in mmol/L) at week 26 is presented as ratio to baseline. The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization up to the first date of any of the following: follow-up visit, premature follow-up visit, last date on trial product plus 38 days or the end of the in-trial observation period.

Change from baseline in sodium (measured in mmol/L) at week 26 is presented as ratio to baseline. The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization up to the first date of any of the following: follow-up visit, premature follow-up visit, last date on trial product plus 38 days or the end of the in-trial observation period.

Change from baseline in urea (measured in mmol/L) at week 26 is presented as ratio to baseline. The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization up to the first date of any of the following: follow-up visit, premature follow-up visit, last date on trial product plus 38 days or the end of the in-trial observation period.

Change from baseline in Albumin (measured in grams per deciliter [g/dL]) at week 26 is presented as ratio to baseline. The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization up to the first date of any of the following: follow-up visit, premature follow-up visit, last date on trial product plus 38 days or the end of the in-trial observation period.

Change from baseline in calcitonin (measured in picograms per milliliter [pg/ml]) at week 26 is presented as ratio to baseline. The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization up to the first date of any of the following: follow-up visit, premature follow-up visit, last date on trial product plus 38 days or the end of the in-trial observation period.

Change from baseline in pulse rate is presented. The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization up to the first date of any of the following: follow-up visit, premature follow-up visit, last date on trial product plus 38 days or the end of the in-trial observation period.

Change from baseline in systolic blood pressure is presented. The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization up to the first date of any of the following: follow-up visit, premature follow-up visit, last date on trial product plus 38 days or the end of the in-trial observation period.

Change from baseline in diastolic blood pressure is presented. The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization up to the first date of any of the following: follow-up visit, premature follow-up visit, last date on trial product plus 38 days or the end of the in-trial observation period.

Change from baseline in ECG category at week 26 is presented. Change from baseline results are presented as shift in findings categorized as: normal, abnormal and not clinically significant (NCS), and abnormal and clinically significant (CS). The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization up to the first date of any of the following: follow-up visit, premature follow-up visit, last date on trial product plus 38 days or the end of the in-trial observation period.

The physical examination values for different body systems at baseline and week 26 are presented. The investigator interpreted the results and categorised them as: normal, abnormal NCS or abnormal CS. The physical examination are presented for the following body systems: cardiovascular system; central and peripheral nervous system; gastrointestinal system, including mouth; general appearance; head, ears, eyes, nose, throat, neck; lymph node palpation; musculoskeletal system; respiratory system; skin; and thyroid gland. The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization up to the first date of any of the following: follow-up visit, premature follow-up visit, last date on trial product plus 38 days or the end of the in-trial observation period.

The eye examination category at baseline and week 26 are presented. The investigator interpreted the results and categorised them as: normal, abnormal NCS or abnormal CS. The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization up to the first date of any of the following: follow-up visit, premature follow-up visit, last date on trial product plus 38 days or the end of the in-trial observation period.

Number of participants with treatment-emergent severe or blood glucose (BG) confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes during exposure to trial product is presented. Severe: requiring assistance from another person for recovery. 'BG-confirmed': hypoglycaemic episode with a plasma glucose value < 3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL); The outcome data was evaluated based on the on-treatment observation period: from date of first dose of trial product following randomization up to the first date of any of the following: follow-up visit, premature follow-up visit, last date on trial product plus 38 days or the end of the in-trial observation period.