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Opioid-Related DisordersPhase 3MOMsNCT03918850

Medication Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder in Expectant Mothers

A Phase 3 study testing Buprenorphine Injection and Buprenorphine Sublingual Product in people with Opioid-Related Disorders and Drug Addiction, run by T. John Winhusen, PhD at 12 sites in United States.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
Search all trials

Trial summary

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of treating opioid use disorder (OUD) in pregnant women with extended-release buprenorphine (BUP-XR), compared to sublingual buprenorphine (BUP-SL), on mother and infant outcomes. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 to 41 years, women only
What is being tested?
Buprenorphine Injection and Buprenorphine Sublingual Product
Type of treatment
Injection or infusion
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
140 participants
Where
12 sitesUnited States
Study dates
21 Jul 2020to 31 Jan 2025
Phase
Phase 3
Are there results?
Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 to 41 years
  • Women only
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult

Who may be able to join

  • Potential participants must:
  • be 18-41 years of age
  • be pregnant with an estimated gestational age (EGA) of 6 - 30 weeks at randomization, has evidence of a viable intrauterine pregnancy if EGA < 12 weeks and is not planning to terminate the pregnancy
  • have a single fetus pregnancy (can be based on self-report if an objective assessment is unavailable)
  • meet Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-5 criteria for moderate/severe OUD and be a good candidate for BUP maintenance and/or be currently prescribed BUP for the treatment of OUD
  • be willing to be randomized to BUP-XR or BUP-SL and to comply with study procedures, including weekly Medication Check Visits
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  • be planning to deliver at one of the hospitals for which the BORN survey was completed and that: a) has a written protocol for the management of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) / neonatal withdrawal syndrome (NOWS), b) offers rooming-in while infants are being observed for NAS/NOWS; and c) does not send infants home on opioids for the treatment of NAS/NOWS
  • be enrolled in outpatient addiction treatment at a participating site (e.g., have completed intake)
  • be able to understand the study, and having understood, provide written informed consent in English

Who cannot join

  • Potential participants must not:
  • have a physiological dependence on alcohol or sedatives requiring medical detoxification
  • have a psychiatric condition that, in the judgment of the site medical clinician (MC), would make study participation unsafe or which would make treatment compliance difficult. Examples include:
  • Suicidal or homicidal ideation requiring immediate attention
  • Severe, inadequately-treated mental health disorder (e.g., active psychosis, uncontrolled bipolar disorder)
  • have a medical condition that, in the judgment of the study MC, would make study participation unsafe or which would make treatment compliance difficult. Medical conditions that may compromise participant safety or study conduct include, but are not limited to, allergy/sensitivity to study medications and the following based on clinical labs:
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  • aspartate aminotransferase (AST) / alanine aminotransferase (ALT) greater than 5X upper limit of normal
  • serum creatinine greater than 1.5X upper limit of normal
  • total bilirubin greater than 1.5X upper limit of normal
  • be currently in jail, prison or any inpatient overnight facility as required by court of law or have pending legal action or other situation (e.g., unstable living arrangements) that, in the judgement of the site investigator, could prevent participation in the study or in any study activities;
  • be currently receiving methadone or naltrexone for the treatment of OUD;
  • be enrolled in or planning to enroll in treatment beyond the level 3.3 (Clinically Managed Population-Specific High-Intensity Residential Services) of the American Society of Addiction Medicine criteria; for level 3.3, the participant must have the ability to leave the facility unaccompanied by staff as needed;
  • be enrolled in or planning to enroll in: a) a trial testing medication for managing OUD during pregnancy; b) research testing an intervention for substance use disorder or NOWS in their infant unless they are willing to provide a release for the research records.

Trial locations and contacts

12 sites in 1 country.

12 sites in 1 country

United States12 sites
  • University of New Mexico Milagro Clinic

    Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87106

  • Massachusetts General Hospital HOPE Clinic

    Boston, Massachusetts, 02114

  • Boston Medical Center

    Boston, Massachusetts, 02118

  • Medical University of South Carolina

    Charleston, South Carolina, 29425

  • University of Cincinnati Health Perinatal Addictions Program

    Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229

  • Marshall Health MARC Program

    Huntington, West Virginia, 25701

  • Gateway Community Services

    Jacksonville, Florida, 32204

  • Vanderbilt University Medical Center

    Nashville, Tennessee, 37232

  • Pregnancy Recovery Center at Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC

    Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213

  • CODA, Inc.

    Portland, Oregon, 97214

  • University of Utah SUPeRAD Clinic

    Salt Lake City, Utah, 84108

  • Addiction Recovery Services (ARS), Swedish Medical Center

    Seattle, Washington, 98107

Other trials in United States

About this study

Official title: Medication Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder in Expectant Mothers (MOMs): a Pragmatic Randomized Trial Comparing Extended-release and Daily Buprenorphine Formulations

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of treating opioid use disorder (OUD) in pregnant women with extended-release buprenorphine (BUP-XR), compared to sublingual buprenorphine (BUP-SL), on mother and infant outcomes. The primary hypothesis is that the BUP-XR group will not have greater illicit opioid use than the BUP-SL group during pregnancy (non-inferiority).

Read the detailed description

This is an intent-to-treat, two-arm, open-label, pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Eligible participants will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to BUP-XR or BUP-SL, balancing on site, estimated gestational age (EGA) at time of randomization (6 weeks-18 weeks vs. 19 weeks-30 weeks), and whether they are on BUP-SL at the time of randomization (yes vs. no). Participants will be provided with study medication and attend weekly medication visits through 12 months postpartum.

Being tested
Buprenorphine Injection, Buprenorphine Sublingual Product
Keywords
CTN-0080, clinical trials network, medication assisted treatment
Medical subject headings
Opioid-Related Disorders, Substance-Related Disorders, Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Buprenorphine InjectionDrug

    Also called CAM2038

    Weekly and monthly formulations of injectable, extended-release buprenorphine (BUP-XR).

  • Buprenorphine Sublingual ProductDrug

    Also called Subutex, Suboxone

    Sublingual buprenorphine (BUP-SL), administered daily.

Study groups in NCT03918850
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
BUP-XRExperimentalWeekly subcutaneous Buprenorphine Injection (CAM2038) during pregnancy. During the 12-month postpartum phase, participants who are breastfeeding will continue receiving subcutaneous Buprenorphine Injection weekly; participants who are not breastfeeding will receive subcutaneous Buprenorphine Injection monthly. The target doses will be 24 mg for the weekly formulation and 96 mg for the monthly formulation, but the actual dose may be lower or higher as determined by the prescribing clinician (e.g., based on craving/withdrawal experienced by the participant, etc.).
Receives: Drug: Buprenorphine Injection
BUP-SLActive comparatorDaily sublingual buprenorphine, with or without naloxone, based on site preference, during pregnancy and during the 12-month postpartum phase. The target dose will be 16 mg daily, but the actual dose may be lower or higher as determined by the prescribing clinician (e.g., based on craving/withdrawal experienced by the participant, etc.).
Receives: Drug: Buprenorphine Sublingual Product

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Percentage of Illicit Opioid-negative Urine Samples During Pregnancy

    Weekly urine samples are shipped to a central laboratory, where they are analyzed for presence of illicit opioids and/or their metabolites. Participants were randomized when they were 6-30 weeks estimated gestational age and, thus, the number of scheduled assessments varied between participants.

    Measured: From screening (at 6-30 weeks estimated gestational age) to delivery, an average of 10-34 weeks

Secondary outcomes (17)
  1. Percentage of Illicit Opioid-negative Urine Samples Postpartum

    Weekly urine samples are shipped to a central laboratory, where they are analyzed for presence of illicit opioids and/or their metabolites.

    Measured: Delivery through 12 months postpartum

  2. Percentage of Days With Study Medication Adherence During Pregnancy

    Adherence to treatment from screening to delivery, checked weekly. Participants were randomized when they were 6-30 weeks estimated gestational age and, thus, the number of scheduled assessments varied between participants.

    Measured: From screening (at 6-30 weeks estimated gestational age) to delivery, an average of 10-34 weeks

  3. Percentage of Days With Study Medication Adherence - Postpartum

    Adherence to treatment from delivery through 12 months postpartum, checked weekly.

    Measured: Delivery through 12 months postpartum

  4. Percentage of Drug and Alcohol-negative Urine Samples During Pregnancy

    Weekly urine samples are shipped to a central laboratory, where they are analyzed for presence of alcohol, illicit drugs and/or their metabolites. Participants were randomized when they were 6-30 weeks estimated gestational age and, thus, the number of scheduled assessments varied between participants.

    Measured: From screening (at 6-30 weeks estimated gestational age) to delivery, an average of 10-34 weeks

  5. Percentage of Drug and Alcohol-negative Urine Samples - Postpartum Phase

    Weekly urine samples are shipped to a central laboratory, where they are analyzed for presence of alcohol, illicit drugs and/or their metabolites, excluding cotinine.

    Measured: Delivery through 12 months postpartum

  6. Opioid Craving Scale - Pregnancy

    The scale consists of 3 items, measuring craving, cue-induced craving, and likelihood of using, rated on a visual analogue scale from 0-10. The total is calculated by averaging the 3 item scores. Higher scores indicate greater levels of opioid craving. Participants were randomized when they were 6-30 weeks estimated gestational age and, thus, the number of scheduled assessments varied between participants. The measure was assessed at randomization (6-30 weeks estimated gestational age), two weeks post randomization and then monthly until delivery, average score reported.

    Measured: Assessed at randomization (6-30 weeks estimated gestational age), two weeks post randomization and then monthly until delivery

  7. Opioid Craving Scale - Postpartum

    The scale measures craving, cue-induced craving, and likelihood of using, rated on a visual analogue scale from 0-10. The total is calculated by averaging the 3 item scores. Higher scores indicate greater levels of opioid craving. The measure was assessed at months 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 post-delivery, average score reported

    Measured: Assessed at months 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 post-delivery

  8. Adequacy of Prenatal Care Utilization Index

    The information was derived from either medical records or the birth certificate. Information was not obtained for 74 participants.

    Measured: At delivery

  9. Short Opiate Withdrawal Scale (SOWS)-Gossop - Pregnancy

    Measure of maternal opioid withdrawal symptoms. The Short Opiate Withdrawal Scale-Gossop has scores rated on a scale of 0 (none) to 3 (severe) per question. The total score of the SOWS-Gossop ranges from 0-30. Participants were randomized when they were 6-30 weeks estimated gestational age and, thus, the number of scheduled assessments varied between participants. The measure was assessed at randomization (6-30 weeks estimated gestational age), two weeks post randomization and then monthly until delivery, average score reported.

    Measured: Assessed at randomization (6-30 weeks estimated gestational age), two weeks post randomization and then monthly until delivery

  10. Short Opiate Withdrawal Scale (SOWS)-Gossop - Postpartum

    Measure of maternal opioid withdrawal symptoms. The Short Opiate Withdrawal Scale-Gossop has scores rated on a scale of 0 (none) to 3 (severe) per question. The total score of the SOWS-Gossop ranges from 0-30. The measure was assessed at months 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 post-delivery, average score reported.

    Measured: Assessed at months 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 post-delivery

  11. Opioid Medication for Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NOWS) Symptoms

    Use of opioid medication for NOWS symptoms will be abstracted from the medical record.

    Measured: Neonate discharge from hospital, typically within 1 month postpartum

  12. Total Days of Neonatal Opioid Treatment During the Hospital Stay

    Number of days of NOWS treatment for those infants that did receive it, abstracted from the medical record.

    Measured: Neonate discharge from hospital, typically within 1 month postpartum

  13. Infant Hospital Length of Stay

    Infant hospital length of stay (LOS) defined as the infant's age, in days, at discharge will be abstracted from the medical record. (all infants)

    Measured: Neonate discharge from hospital, typically within 1 month postpartum

  14. Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NOWS) Peak Score

    NOWS peak score will be abstracted from the medical record. The scale used is the Finnegan-modified; the score ranges from 0-46, a score of 8 or higher indicates withdrawal.

    Measured: Neonate discharge from hospital, typically within 1 month postpartum

  15. Custody at Discharge

    For example, whether the infant is discharged in custody of mother, other relative, foster/adoptive family, etc. This will be abstracted from the medical record. Maternal custody - number \& percentage.

    Measured: Neonate discharge from hospital, typically within 1 month postpartum

  16. Child Protective Services Open Case

    Whether or not there is an open child protective services at discharge (yes/no) will be abstracted from the medical record. Percentage of cases open with child protective services.

    Measured: Neonate discharge from hospital, typically within 1 month postpartum

  17. Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition (ASQ-3)

    To screen for developmental issues in the infant. Developmental issues at 12 months - percentage. Developmental issues assessed with The Ages and Stages Questionnaire, third edition scores each item as Yes (10 points), Sometimes (5 points), or Not Yet (0 points), with total scores compared to cutoffs to identify delays.

    Measured: 12 months postpartum

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted18 Apr 2019
  2. Study start21 Jul 2020
  3. Primary completion31 Jan 2025
  4. Study completion31 Jan 2025

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase 3
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Model description
This is an intent-to-treat, two-arm, open-label, pragmatic randomized controlled trial.
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
140 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT03918850
Sponsor's protocol ID
2019-0429-1
Other IDs
UG1DA013732
Acronym
MOMs
Status last verified
May 2026
First submitted
9 Apr 2019
Last updated
4 Jun 2026
Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
Yes: Data will be transmitted by the study Data and Statistics Center to the designated party for de-identification, posting, storing, and archiving on NIDA's Data Share website. Data Share is an online repository of data from studies funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse. All de-identified individual participant data is expected to be made available.

Publications

  • Winhusen TJ, Lofwall MR, Kropp F, Lewis D, Smid MC, Young JL, Hodgkins C, Krans EE, Hansen Z, Wachman EM, Schiff DM, Guille C, Rudolf V, Chowdhury T, Leeman L, Lewis M, Matthews AG, Cochran G, King J, Wilder C, Rosa C. Extended-Release vs Sublingual Buprenorphine in Pregnancy Through 12 Months Post Partum: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2026 May 1;186(5):533-543. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2026.0057.

    PubMed 41837971
  • Krans EE, Lewis D, Douaihy A, Lofwall MR, Kropp F, Martin PR, Sanghani RS, Cottrell JN, Winhusen TJ. Cigarette use and smoking cessation goals among pregnant women with opioid use disorder. J Subst Use Addict Treat. 2025 Dec 20:209865. doi: 10.1016/j.josat.2025.209865. Online ahead of print.

    PubMed 41429292
  • Cash E, Cochran G, Smid MC, Charles JE, Humiston G, Wei Y, Mauerman N, Carlston K, Broussard G, Sengpraseut B, Martin PR, Winhusen TJ. Overdose risk profiles in pregnancy: Latent class analysis of pregnant individuals with opioid use disorder. J Subst Use Addict Treat. 2025 Sep 25:209809. doi: 10.1016/j.josat.2025.209809. Online ahead of print.

    PubMed 41015387
  • Snyder AM, Math S, Campbell K, Schiff DM, Wheeler A, Carlston K, Gordon AJ, Winhusen TJ, Cochran G, Smid MC. Protocol Commentary for the SUCCESS (Successful Recruitment and Retention in a Randomized Controlled Trial of Pregnant Participants with Opioid Use Disorder) Study. Subst Use Addctn J. 2025 Oct;46(4):1040-1046. doi: 10.1177/29767342251334490. Epub 2025 Jul 11.

    PubMed 40643178
  • Winhusen TJ, Kropp F, Greenfield SF, Krans EE, Lewis D, Martin PR, Gordon AJ, Davies TH, Wachman EM, Douaihy A, Parker K, Xin X, Jalali A, Lofwall MR. Trauma Prevalence and Its Association With Health-related Quality of Life in Pregnant Persons With Opioid Use Disorder. J Addict Med. 2025 Jan-Feb 01;19(1):20-25. doi: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000001366. Epub 2024 Aug 6.

    PubMed 39105509
  • Kropp FB, Smid MC, Lofwall MR, Wachman EM, Martin PR, Murphy SM, Wilder CM, Winhusen TJ. Collaborative care programs for pregnant and postpartum individuals with opioid use disorder: Organizational characteristics of sites participating in the NIDA CTN0080 MOMs study. J Subst Use Addict Treat. 2023 Jun;149:209030. doi: 10.1016/j.josat.2023.209030. Epub 2023 Apr 4.

    PubMed 37023858

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A Phase 3 study testing Buprenorphine Injection and Buprenorphine Sublingual Product in people with Opioid-Related Disorders and Drug Addiction, run by T. John Winhusen, PhD at 12 sites in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 9 inclusion and 13 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 4 Jun 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 12 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this phase mean?

Phase 3 studies compare the treatment with the current standard treatment or a placebo in a large group, to confirm how well it works and watch for side effects.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 4 Jun 2026). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Percentage of Illicit Opioid-negative Urine Samples During Pregnancy (time frame: From screening (at 6-30 weeks estimated gestational age) to delivery, an average of 10-34 weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03918850, which also lists 6 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 4 Jun 2026.

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