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SleepNCT03911154

Evaluation of SmartSleep Technology for Improving the Efficiency and Restorative Quality of Sleep in Healthy Adults

A study testing Philips SmartSleep Technology--Continuous Fixed Interval modality, Philips SmartSleep Technology--Block modality and Philips SmartSleep Technology--In-Phase Adjustable modality in people with Sleep, run by University of Pennsylvania at 1 site in United States.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

This study aims to assess whether slow wave sleep enhancement using SmartSleep technology benefits daytime cognitive performance during periods of chronic sleep restriction. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 30 to 55 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
Conditions the study is for
Sleep
What is being tested?
Philips SmartSleep Technology--Continuous Fixed Interval modality, Philips SmartSleep Technology--Block modality and Philips SmartSleep Technology--In-Phase Adjustable modality
Type of treatment
Medical device
Could I receive a placebo?
Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
How many people
9 participants
Where
1 siteUnited States
Study dates
29 Apr 2019to 30 Jun 2021
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 30 to 55 years
  • All sexes
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Adult

Who may be able to join

  • Bachelor's degree or Master's degree (or the equivalent in work experience) in a relevant field, and/or military service.
  • Free of psychological/psychiatric conditions that preclude participation.
  • BMI < 35.
  • Self-reported regular sleep schedule; able to maintain their sleep schedule during the course of the study.
  • Self-reported sleep duration of 6-8.5 hrs per night (verified by 6 work days of ambulatory sleep monitoring with wrist actigraphy and daily logs).
  • Ability to read/write English.

Who cannot join

  • History of neurological, psychiatric, or other medical condition that excludes participation.
  • Current mania or psychosis.
  • Current depression as determined by the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, 1996).
  • Alcohol or drug abuse in the past year based upon history and urine toxicology screen.
  • Excessive alcohol intake (≥ 21 drinks per week) or binge alcohol consumption (> 5 drinks per day).
  • Excessive caffeine consumption (> 650mg/day combining all caffeinated drinks regularly absorbed during the day).
Show all 23Show fewer
  • Current smoker/tobacco user, or using nicotine replacement therapy. Those that have been nicotine-free for 30 days will be included.
  • Acute, chronic, or debilitating medical conditions, major Axis I psychiatric illness based on history, physical exam, blood and urine chemistries, and CBC.
  • Individuals who self-report a history of recurrent seizures or epilepsy or have a history of medical conditions that could increase the chance of seizures (e.g. stroke, aneurysm, brain surgery, structural brain lesion).
  • Cardiovascular, neurological, gastrointestinal, or musculoskeletal problems that exclude participation.
  • Major controlled or uncontrolled medical condition such as congestive heart failure, neuromuscular disease, renal failure, cancer, COPD, respiratory failure or insufficiency, or patients requiring oxygen therapy (as determined by self-report).
  • Currently working night, swing, split or rotating shift.
  • Current use or use of within the past month of a prescription or over-the-counter sleep medication or stimulant; use of psychoactive medication (based on self-report and review with a study clinician).
  • Pregnant or currently breast feeding
  • Prior history or diagnosis of any sleep disorder
  • High Risk of OSA based on STOP-BANG Questionnaire ("yes" on at least 4 of 8 questions)
  • High Risk of Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) based on Cambridge-Hopkins Screening questionnaire
  • High Risk of Insomnia based on Insomnia Severity Index (score of 22 or higher)
  • Individuals who self-report severe contact dermatitis or allergy to silicone, nickel or silver.
  • Individuals who self-report moderate hearing loss.
  • Inability to achieve appropriate headband fit.
  • Planned travel across more than one time zone one month prior to and/or during the anticipated period of the study with SmartSleeps device use.
  • Intentional naps during the week.

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

United States1 site
  • University of Pennsylvania

    Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104

Other trials in United States

About this study

Official title: Evaluation of SmartSleep Technology for Improving the Efficiency and Restorative Quality of Sleep in Healthy Adults in Order to Mitigate Cognitive Performance Deficits Due to Sleep Restriction and Emergency Awakenings

This study aims to assess whether slow wave sleep enhancement using SmartSleep technology benefits daytime cognitive performance during periods of chronic sleep restriction.

Read the detailed description

Adequate healthy sleep is essential in spaceflight to ensure that astronauts maintain a high level of cognitive performance capability and do so without undue stress. There is a need for a technology that can improve sleep quality in space and biologically maximize the performance benefits of limited sleep duration, without unduly affecting the ability of astronauts to awaken abruptly and respond to an in-flight emergency. Sleep slow waves support system and synaptic consolidation by promoting specific patterns of neuromodulatory and electric activities, and subjective sleep quality is related to the size and number of slow waves that occur nightly.

This study will use SmartSleep (Philips) technology to determine what effect the device has on daytime cognitive performance after emergent awakenings from sleep in a chronic sleep restriction paradigm. The SmartSleep technology uses two small sensors in the headband to continuously detect the brain's slow wave sleep (delta/theta frequency) in real time, and a closed-loop algorithm customizes the timing and volume of tones to optimize the sleep pattern. Thus, the device uses "quiet audio tones" (sub-awareness) to increase slow waves, which can enhance sleep quality/depth, thereby enhancing subsequent waking cognitive performance without the unwanted sedating effects of medications on cognitive functions during emergency awakenings.

Subjects will be in the laboratory for 7 days/6 nights. Night 1 will be an adaptation night with 8-hours time in bed. Nights 2-5 will consist of 5 hours time in bed, followed by night 6 of a recovery 10 hours time in bed. During nights 2-5, subjects will receive one of four stimulation modalities using the SmartSleep wearable device. Subjects will receive all four modalities in a randomized order:

  1. Continuous Fixed Interval
  2. Block
  3. In-Phase Adjustable
  4. Sham: No auditory stimulation while wearing the SmartSleep headband

Cognitive performance testing and self-report surveys will be completed on a daily basis. A total of 12 healthy astronaut-like adults will be studied. Subjects will complete the 7-day study in groups of 4.

Conditions
Sleep
Being tested
Philips SmartSleep Technology--Continuous Fixed Interval modality, Philips SmartSleep Technology--Block modality, Philips SmartSleep Technology--In-Phase Adjustable modality
Keywords
Sleep, Sleep restriction, Cognitive performance

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Philips SmartSleep Technology--Continuous Fixed Interval modalityDevice

    During the 4 nights of sleep restriction (5 hours time in bed), subjects will have one of the following SmartSleep stimulation modalities each night in a randomized order. All subjects will receive all 4 stimulation modalities:

    1. Continuous Fixed Interval
    2. Block
    3. In-Phase Adjustable
    4. Sham: No auditory stimulation while wearing the SmartSleep headband
  • Philips SmartSleep Technology--Block modalityDevice

    During the 4 nights of sleep restriction (5 hours time in bed), subjects will have one of the following SmartSleep stimulation modalities each night in a randomized order. All subjects will receive all 4 stimulation modalities:

    1. Continuous Fixed Interval
    2. Block
    3. In-Phase Adjustable
    4. Sham: No auditory stimulation while wearing the SmartSleep headband
  • Philips SmartSleep Technology--In-Phase Adjustable modalityDevice

    During the 4 nights of sleep restriction (5 hours time in bed), subjects will have one of the following SmartSleep stimulation modalities each night in a randomized order. All subjects will receive all 4 stimulation modalities:

    1. Continuous Fixed Interval
    2. Block
    3. In-Phase Adjustable
    4. Sham: No auditory stimulation while wearing the SmartSleep headband
Study groups in NCT03911154
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
SmartSleep Continuous Fixed Interval modalityExperimentalThis study uses within subject comparison. For each subject, the order of 3 SmartSleep modalities for each of the 4 nights of sleep restriction will be randomized. All subjects will receive all 3 stimulation modalities and a SHAM condition. This study arm tests the SmartSleep Continuous Fixed Interval stimulation modality during sleep relative to the SHAM condition. The Continuous Fixed Interval is the delivery of auditory tones a 1 Hz inter-tone interval stimulation.
Receives: Device: Philips SmartSleep Technology--Continuous Fixed Interval modality; Device: Philips SmartSleep Technology--Block modality; Device: Philips SmartSleep Technology--In-Phase Adjustable modality
SmartSleep Block modalityExperimentalThis study uses within subject comparison. For each subject, the order of 3 SmartSleep modalities for each of the 4 nights of sleep restriction will be randomized. All subjects will receive all 3 stimulation modalities and a SHAM condition. This study arm tests the SmartSleep Block stimulation modality during sleep relative to the SHAM condition. The Block is the delivery of auditory tones for 5 seconds on versus 5 seconds off.
Receives: Device: Philips SmartSleep Technology--Continuous Fixed Interval modality; Device: Philips SmartSleep Technology--Block modality; Device: Philips SmartSleep Technology--In-Phase Adjustable modality
SmartSleep In-Phase Adjustable modalityExperimentalThis study uses within subject comparison. For each subject, the order of 3 SmartSleep modalities for each of the 4 nights of sleep restriction will be randomized. All subjects will receive all 3 stimulation modalities and a SHAM condition. This study arm tests the SmartSleep In-Phase Adjustable stimulation modality during sleep relative to the SHAM condition. The In-Phase Adjustable is the constant stimulation with auditory tones delivered during each upstate of the slow wave.
Receives: Device: Philips SmartSleep Technology--Continuous Fixed Interval modality; Device: Philips SmartSleep Technology--Block modality; Device: Philips SmartSleep Technology--In-Phase Adjustable modality
SHAM conditionSham comparatorThis study uses within subject comparison. For each subject, the order of 3 SmartSleep modalities for each of the 4 nights of sleep restriction will be randomized. All subjects will receive all 3 stimulation modalities and a SHAM condition. This study arm is the SHAM condition, during which participants wore the SmartSleep device, however no auditory tones were delivered.
Receives: Device: Philips SmartSleep Technology--Continuous Fixed Interval modality; Device: Philips SmartSleep Technology--Block modality; Device: Philips SmartSleep Technology--In-Phase Adjustable modality

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Psychomotor Vigilance Test-Brief (PVT-B)

    The PVT is a simple reaction time test that requires participants to react, as quickly as possible, by pressing a response key as soon as a rolling number counter presented in a box in the center of the computer screen appears. The PVT is a validated and widely-used measure of vigilant attention that is sensitive to the effects of sleep loss. The primary outcome was the number of PVT lapses. The minimum number of PVT lapses is "0" and there is no maximum number of lapses, which are defined as response times >355 ms. More PVT lapses indicates worse performance.

    Measured: Days 3-6

  2. Slow-wave Activity

    Total delta power measured during sleep

    Measured: Days 3-6

Secondary outcomes (3)
  1. Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST)

    The Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) is a widely used measure of cognitive throughput and cognitive instability that is sensitive to the effects of sleep loss. The DSST was adapted from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Participants are shown an array of symbols and with corresponding numbers on a keyboard. They are then presented the symbols one at a time in random order and must respond with the correct corresponding number as quickly as possible. The primary outcome was number correct and given the established practice effects on the DSST, this measure was corrected for practice effects. The DSST has a minimum of "0" correct responses and does not have a maximum; a higher number on the DSST represents better performance.

    Measured: Days 3-6

  2. Descending Subtraction Task (DST)

    The Descending Subtraction Test (DST) is a measure of working memory that is sensitive to the effects of sleep loss. The DST requires participants to mentally subtract numbers in a sequential fashion as quickly as possible. For example, if the starting number is 987, the participant subtracts nine from 987, with the difference being 978, the participant then subtracts eight from 978, and so on subtracting by seven, six, five, four, three, two, and one, from each difference at which point, and the participant then recycles the subtraction sequence beginning at nine again. The DST has a minimum of "0" correct responses and does not have a maximum; a higher number on the DST represents better performance. The primary outcome on the DST was Number correct.

    Measured: Days 3-6

  3. Robotic On-Board Trainer (ROBoT) Task

    The Robotic On-Board Trainer (ROBoT) task is NASA's platform for training astronauts to perform docking and grappling maneuvers using the Canada Arm. The system is based on highly realistic 3D simulations of the arm and associated physics. The ROBoT system involves a left-hand translational controller (x/y/z directions) and a right-hand rotational controller (pitch/roll/yaw), plus two laptop computer screens. Key performance metrics include: (i) docking position accuracy, (ii) docking orientation accuracy, (iii) total task time, and (iv) smoothness of approach trajectory, which are aggregated to generate the primary outcome, which is the mean weighted score . The weighted score ranges from 0 to 10 and a lower score indicates better performance.

    Measured: Days 3-6

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted10 Apr 2019
  2. Study start29 Apr 2019
  3. Primary completion30 Jun 2021
  4. Study completion30 Jun 2021

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Other
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Crossover
Model description
This study uses within subject randomization. Each subject will receive all of the 4 sleep conditions in a randomized order that will be unknown to the subject.
Masking
Triple blind
Who is masked
Participant, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
Enrolment
9 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT03911154
Sponsor's protocol ID
NNX16AO69A/T0408
Status last verified
Sep 2022
First submitted
4 Apr 2019
Last updated
6 Oct 2022
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
Yes
Individual data sharing
No

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Philips SmartSleep Technology--Continuous Fixed Interval modality, Philips SmartSleep Technology--Block modality and Philips SmartSleep Technology--In-Phase Adjustable modality in people with Sleep, run by University of Pennsylvania at 1 site in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 23 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 6 Oct 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 28 Sep 2022). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Psychomotor Vigilance Test-Brief (PVT-B) (time frame: Days 3-6). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 6 Oct 2022.

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