Multiple MyelomaPhase 2NCT03896737
Daratumumab-bortezomib-dexamethasone (Dara-VCd) vs Bortezomib-Thalidomide-Dexamethasone (VTd), Then Maintenance With Ixazomib (IXA) or IXA-Dara
A Phase 2 study testing Daratumumab plus Velcade Cyclophosphamide Dexamethasone and Velcade Thalidomide Dexamethasone in people with Multiple Myeloma, run by European Myeloma Network B.V. at 24 sites in 3 countries.
Trial summary
This protocol is a phase II multicenter, randomized, open label study designed to assess the efficacy and safety of daratumumab combined with bortezomib, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone (Dara-VCd) versus the association of bortezomib, thalidomide and dexamethasone (VTd) as pre transplant induction and post… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Multiple Myeloma
- What is being tested?
- Daratumumab plus Velcade Cyclophosphamide Dexamethasone and Velcade Thalidomide Dexamethasone
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine, Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 401 participants
- Where
- 24 sitesin 3 countries
- Study dates
- 16 Apr 2019to 15 Sep 2027
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Patient at least 18 years of age and ≤ 65 years.
- Patient eligible for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT).
- Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) ≥ 40%. 2-D transthoracic echocardiogram (ECHO) is the preferred method of evaluation. Multigated Acquisition Scan (MUGA) is acceptable if ECHO is not available.
- Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patient.
- Patient has given voluntary written informed consent before performance of any study related procedure not part of standard medical care, with the understanding that consent may be withdrawn by the patient at any time without prejudice to future medical care.
- Patient with documented multiple myeloma and measurable disease as defined by:
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- Monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow ≥10% or presence of a biopsy proven plasmacytoma
- Measurable disease as defined by at least one of the following:
- serum M-protein level ≥1 g/dL or urine M-protein level ≥200 mg/24 hours; or
- Light chain multiple myeloma: Serum immunoglobulin free light chain ≥10 mg/dL and abnormal serum immunoglobulin kappa lambda free light chain ratio.
- Evidence of end organ damage/presence of biomarkers of malignancies, specifically:
- Hypercalcaemia: serum calcium >0.25 mmol/L (>1 mg/dL) higher than the upper limit of normal or >2.75 mmol/L (>11 mg/dL)
- Renal insufficiency: creatinine clearance (CLcr)<40 mL per minute (measured or estimated by validated equations) or serum creatinine >177 μmol/L (>2 mg/dL)
- Anaemia: haemoglobin value of >20 g/L below the lower limit of normal, or haemoglobin value <100 g/L
- Bone lesions: one or more osteolytic lesions on skeletal radiography, CT, or PET-CT. If bone marrow has <10% clonal plasma cells, more than one bone lesion is required to distinguish from solitary plasmacytoma with minimal marrow involvement
- Any one or more of the following biomarkers of malignancy:
- Clonal bone marrow plasma cell percentage ≥ 60% (clonality should be established by showing κ/λ-light-chain restriction on flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, or immunofluorescence. Bone marrow plasma cell percentage should preferably be estimated from a core biopsy specimen; in case of a disparity between the aspirate and core biopsy, the highest value should be used)
- Involved:uninvolved serum free light chain ration ≥ 100 (values based on the serum Free light assay. The involved free light chain must be ≥100 mg/L)
- -> 1 focal lesion on MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) studies (each focal lesion must be 5 mm or more in size) Patient is, in the investigator(s) opinion willing and able to comply with the protocol requirements.
- Women of childbearing potential must commit to either abstain continuously from heterosexual intercourse or to use 2 methods of reliable birth control simultaneously. This includes one highly effective form of contraception (tubal ligation, intrauterine device, hormonal [birth control pills, hormonal patches, vaginal rings or implants] or partner's vasectomy) and one additional effective contraceptive method (male latex or synthetic condom, diaphragm, or cervical cap). Contraception must begin prior to dosing through 90 days after the last dose of study drug. Reliable contraception is indicated even where there has been a history of infertility, unless due to hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy.
- Male patient agrees to use an acceptable method for contraception (i.e., condom or abstinence) during study drug therapy (including dose interruption) and for 90 days after the last dose of study drug.
- Patient with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status score of 0, 1, or 2 or Karnofsky performance status ≥ 60%.
- Pretreatment clinical laboratory values within 30 days of enrolment:
- Platelet count ≥75 x 109/L;
- Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1 x 109/L (G-CSF use is permitted);
- Corrected serum calcium <14 mg/dL (<3.5 mmol/L);
- Aspartate transaminase (AST) ≤ 2.5 x the upper limit of normal (ULN);
- Alanine transaminase (ALT) ≤ 2.5 x the ULN;
- Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x the ULN;
- Calculated or measured creatinine clearance ≥ 30 mL/minute.
- Patient has a life-expectancy >3 months.
Who cannot join
- Patient with a diagnosis of primary amyloidosis, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, smoldering MM or Plasma Cell Leukemia (PCL). Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance is defined by presence of serum M-protein <3 g/dL, clonal bone marrow plasma cells <10%, and absence of end-organ damage or amyloidosis that can be attributed to the plasma cell proliferative disorder. Smoldering multiple myeloma is defined as serum monoclonal protein ≥ 30 g/L or urinary monoclonal protein ≥ 500 mg per 24 h and/or clonal bone marrow plasma cell 10-60% with absence of related organ or tissue impairment or end-organ damage or amyloidosis. Plasma cell leukemia is defined as presence of circulating plasmacells (PCs) >2×109/L in peripheral blood or a peripheral blood plasmacytosis >20%
- Patient with a diagnosis of Waldenström's disease, or other conditions in which immunoglobulin M (IgM) M-protein is present in the absence of a clonal plasma cell infiltration with lytic bone lesions.
- Patient has prior or current systemic therapy or SCT for multiple myeloma, with the exception of an emergency use of a short course (equivalent of dexamethasone 40 mg/day for a maximum 4 days) of corticosteroids before treatment.
- Patient has peripheral neuropathy of grade 2 or higher as defined by National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI CTC) 4.0.
- Patient is exhibiting clinical signs of meningeal involvement of multiple myeloma.
- Clinical active infectious hepatitis type A, B, C or HIV.
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- Subject has known chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (defined as a Forced Expiratory Volume In 1 second (FEV1) <60% of predicted normal), persistent asthma, or a history of asthma within the last 2 years. Subjects with known or suspected COPD or asthma must have a FEV1 test during screening.
- Evidence of current uncontrolled cardiovascular conditions, including uncontrolled hypertension, uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmias, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina, or myocardial infarction within the past 6 months.
- Known allergy to any of the study medications, their analogues, or excipients in the various formulations.
- Contraindication to any of the required concomitant drugs or supportive treatments.
- Pregnant or lactating females.
Trial locations and contacts
24 sites in 3 countries.
24 sites in 3 countries
Italy15 sites
A.O.U. Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I - G.M. Lancisi - G. Salesi di Ancona
Ancona
A.O. Papa Giovanni XXIII
Bergamo
Policlinico S. Orsola
Bologna
A.O. Spedali Civili di brescia
Brescia
A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele di Catania
Catania
A.O.U. Policlinico San Martino
Genova
Ospedale Niguarda
Milan
A.O.U. Maggiore della Carità di Novara
Novara, 28100
Dipartimento Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale - AO di Padova
Padova
Policlinico S. Matteo Fondazione IRCCS
Pavia
A.O. di Perugia-Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia
Perugia
Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova
Reggio Emilia
I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza
San Giovanni Rotondo
Az. Osp. S. Maria
Terni
AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino
Torino
Czechia6 sites
Hradec Kralove-University Hospital Hradec Kralove
Hradec Králové
University Hospital Olomouc
Olomouc
University Hospital Ostrava
Ostrava, 708 52
University Hospital Ostrava
Ostrava
University Hospital Plzen
Pilsen
General University Hospital (VFN)-Internal Medicine, Hematology Clinic
Prague
Greece3 sites
General Hospital of Athens "Alexandra"
Athens, 115 28
General Hospital of Athens 'Evangelismos
Athens
University General Hospital of Patras
Pátrai
About this study
Official title: A Multicenter, Open Label, Randomized Phase II Study Comparing Daratumumab Combined With Bortezomib-Cyclophosphamide-dexamethasone (Dara-VCd) Versus the Association of Bortezomib-Thalidomide-dexamethasone (VTd) as Pre Transplant Induction and Post Transplant Consolidation, Both Followed by a Maintenance Phase With Ixazomib Alone or in Combination With Daratumumab, in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (MM) Young Patients Eligible for Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation
This protocol is a phase II multicenter, randomized, open label study designed to assess the efficacy and safety of daratumumab combined with bortezomib, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone (Dara-VCd) versus the association of bortezomib, thalidomide and dexamethasone (VTd) as pre transplant induction and post transplant consolidation, followed by maintenance with ixazomib alone or in combination with daratumumab, in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients eligible for autologous stem cell transplantation.
Patients enrolled in the Dara-VCd arm will receive: 4 cycles of daratumumab-bortezomib-cyclophosphamide-dexamethasone induction, followed by transplantation and 2 cycles of daratumumab-bortezomib-cyclophosphamide-dexamethasone consolidation. The choice of cyclophosphamide in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone is suggested by the better safety profile of cyclophosphamide, in comparison with thalidomide and the efficacy of the alkylator agent, when combined with bortezomib.
Read more
Once-weekly bortezomib seems to be equally effective and better tolerated than the standard twice weekly schedule. The outcomes and response rate did not appear to be affected by the bortezomib dosing schedule.
Patients enrolled in the VTd arm will receive: 4 cycles of bortezomib-thalidomide-dexamethasone induction, followed by autologous transplantation and 2 cycles of bortezomib-thalidomide dexamethasone as consolidation. The VTd drug association is the current standard first line induction therapy for multiple myeloma patients who are eligible to stem cell transplantation.
At the end of consolidation phase patients with at least a partial response (≥ PR) will be rerandomized (assigned by chance) to one of 2 treatment groups to receive maintenance treatment with ixazomib alone or in combination with daratumumab. Patients will receive treatment until any sign of progression or intolerance, up to 24 months.
Read the detailed description
INDUCTION AND CONSOLIDATION REGIMEN:
Arm Dara-VCd:
Daratumumab: 16 mg/Kg given by IV infusion on days 1, 8, 15, 22, on cycles 1-2 and on days 1, 15 on cycles 3-4.
Bortezomib: 1.3 mg/m2 given subcutaneous (SC) injection on days 1, 8,15, 22; Cyclophosphamide: 300 mg/ m2 given orally or by IV infusion on days 1, 8, 15, 22; Dexamethasone: 40 mg given orally or by IV infusion on days 1, 8, 15, 22 Repeat for four 4-week induction cycles. After induction all patients will be given Cyclophosphamide at the dose of 3 g/m2, followed by Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) for stem cell collection. Cyclophosphamide will start 4-6 weeks after start of the fourth cycle of therapy.
Stem cell collection will be performed as soon as CD34+ cells are present in peripheral blood, which is usually between 9-14 days after first day of Cyclophosphamide. Stem cells will be harvested at a minimum of 4 x 106 CD34+ cells/kg and cryopreserved. In case insufficient stem cells are collected the procedure may be repeated or alternatively bone marrow stem cell collection may be performed or Plerixafor may be used.
4-6 weeks after cyclophosphamide patients will be treated with High Dose Melphalan followed by autologous stem cell reinfusion according to the schedule below:
- Melphalan 200 mg/ m² day - 2 i.v. rapid infusion
- Stem cell infusion Minimum of 2 x 10^6CD34+cells/kg day 0 90-120 days after Melphalan administration consolidation treatment will be administered: Daratumumab: 16 mg/Kg given by IV infusion on days 1, 15; Bortezomib: 1.3 mg/m2 given by SC injection on days 1, 8, 15, 22; Cyclophosphamide: 300 mg/ m2 given orally or by IV infusion on days 1, 8, 15, 22; Dexamethasone: 40 mg given orally or by IV infusion on days 1, 8, 15, 22. Repeat for 2 4-week consolidation cycles.
Arm VTd:
Bortezomib: 1.3 mg/m2 given by SC injection on days 1, 4, 8, 11 of 28-day cycle; Thalidomide: 100 mg given orally on days 1-28. Dexamethasone: 20 mg given orally or by IV injection on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10 and 11 of every 28-day cycle.
Repeat for 4 4-week induction cycles. After induction all patients will be given Cyclophosphamide at the dose of 3 g/m2, followed by G-CSF for stem cell collection. Cyclophosphamide will start 4-6 weeks after start of the fourth cycle of therapy.
Stem cell collection will be performed as soon as cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34)+ cells are present in peripheral blood, which is usually between 9-14 days after first day of Cyclophosphamide. Stem cells will be harvested at a minimum of 4 x 106 CD34+ cells/kg and cryopreserved. In case insufficient stem cells are collected the procedure may be repeated by using also Plerixafor or alternatively bone marrow stem cell collection may be performed.
4-6 weeks after cyclophosphamide patients will be treated with High Dose Melphalan followed by autologous stem cell reinfusion according to the schedule below:
- Melphalan 200 mg/ m² day -2 i.v. rapid infusion
- Stem cell infusion Minimum of 2 x 10^6CD34+cells/kg day 0 90-120 days after Melphalan administration consolidation treatment will be administered: Bortezomib: 1.3 mg/m2 given by SC injection on days 1, 4, 8, 11 of 28-day cycle; Thalidomide: 100 mg given orally on days 1-28; Dexamethasone: 20 mg given orally or by IV injection on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10 and 11 of every 28-day cycle.
Repeat for 2 4-week consolidation cycles.
MAINTENANCE TREATMENT:
All patients in ≥ PR after consolidation will be randomized to receive:
Arm I Ixazomib 3 mg on days 1, 8, 15 of cycle 1-4, followed by ixazomib 4 mg on days 1, 8, 15 cycles from cycle 5*.
Repeat each cycle every 28 days. Patients will receive treatment until any sign of progression or intolerance, up to 24 months.
Arm II Ixazomib 3 mg on days 1, 8, 15 of cycle 1-4, followed by ixazomib 4 mg on days 1, 8, 15 cycles from cycle 5*.
Daratumumab 16 mg/kg on day 1. Repeat each cycle every 28 days. Patients will receive treatment until any sign of progression or intolerance, up to 24 months.
*The dose escalation is admitted only in case there have been no non-hematologic Adverse Events (AEs) ≥ Grade 2 related to study drug and no dose interruptions related to study drug toxicities.
Patients in the first randomization will be stratified according to fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) (standard/missing vs high risk, defined as del17, t 4;14, t 14;16) and International Staging System (ISS) (I vs II and III) Patients randomized to maintenance treatment will be stratified according to induction treatment and Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) status by nerve growth factor (NGF) (positive and not evaluable vs negative).
STATISTICAL DESIGN A total of 400 patients will be needed, in according to the study design, to provide a power of at least 85% to the statistical analysis with a two sided alpha error of 0.05 (see study protocol for details).
The statistical analysis will be performed in according to the intention to treat principle and will include summary of descriptive statistics (arithmetic mean and standard deviation, minimum and maximum, median with the interquartile range as appropriate) for continuous variables, absolute frequencies and percentages will be reported for qualitative variables. 95% Confidence intervals will be provided for variables subjected to statistical inference.
Proportions will be compared between treatment groups by use of the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.
Kaplan-Meier method will be used for survival analyses to estimate and compare survival outcomes.
The log-rank test will be adopted to compare survival curves. Multivariable analysis, using semi parametric Cox proportional hazard regression model, will be performed to assess factors significantly affecting the progression free survival.
The safety analysis will include all patients randomized who will receive at least one dose of study treatment and the toxicity will be compared between treatment groups with chi-squared test.
All tests will be considered significant with p values less than 0.05.
- Conditions
- Multiple Myeloma
- Being tested
- Daratumumab plus Velcade Cyclophosphamide Dexamethasone, Velcade Thalidomide Dexamethasone
- Keywords
- diagnosis, elderly, autologous stem cell transplantation
- Medical subject headings
- Multiple Myeloma, Disease
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Daratumumab plus Velcade Cyclophosphamide DexamethasoneDrug
To compare Dara-VCd versus VTd as pre transplant induction and post transplant consolidation, both followed by a maintenance phase with Ixazomib alone or in combination with Daratumumab, in newly diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (MM) young patients eligible for autologous stem cell transplantation.
Velcade Thalidomide DexamethasoneDrug
To compare Dara-VCd versus VTd as pre transplant induction and post transplant consolidation, both followed by a maintenance phase with Ixazomib alone or in combination with Daratumumab, in newly diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (MM) young patients eligible for autologous stem cell transplantation.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Dara-VCd | Experimental | treatment period includes administration of four 28-day cycles of induction with Dara- VCd; then patients will undergo transplant and finally they will receive two 28-day cycles of Dara-VCd consolidation treatment.
The response will be assessed after each cycle. Patients in the first randomization will be stratified according to FISH (standard/missing vs high risk,defined as del17, t 4;14, t 14;16) and ISS (I vs II and III).
TREATMENT SCHEMA - INDUCTION Daratumumab: 16 mg/Kg given by IV infusion on days 1, 8, 15, 22, on cycles 1-2 and on days 1, 15 on cycles 3-4.
Bortezomib: 1.3 mg/m2 given SC injection on days 1, 8,15, 22; Cyclophosphamide: 300 mg/ m2 given orally or IV infusion on days 1, 8, 15, 22; Dexamethasone: 40 mg given orally or by IV infusion on days 1, 8, 15,22 Repeat for four 4-week induction cycles. Receives: Drug: Daratumumab plus Velcade Cyclophosphamide Dexamethasone |
| VTd | Active comparator | treatment period includes administration of four 28-day cycles of induction with VTd; then patients will undergo transplant and finally they will receive two 28-day cycles of VTd consolidation treatment.
TREATMENT SCHEMA INDUCTION
ARM VTd:
Bortezomib: 1.3 mg/m2 given by SC injection on days 1, 4, 8, 11 of 28-day cycle; Thalidomide: 100 mg given orally on days 1-28. Dexamethasone: 20 mg given orally or by IV injection on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10 and 11 of every 28-day cycle.
Repeat for four 4-week induction cycles. Receives: Drug: Velcade Thalidomide Dexamethasone |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Progression free survival (PFS)
PFS in part 1 and part 2 of the study will be measured from the date of first or second randomization to the date of first observation of disease progression or death to any cause as an event. Subjects who withdraw from the study will be considered censored at the time of the last complete disease assessment. Subjects who complete the study, have no progressed, and are still alive at the cut-off date of final analysis will be censored at the cut-off date. All subjects who were lost to followup prior to the end of the study have no progressed, and are still alive will also be censored at the time of last contact.
Measured: 5 years
MRD negativity
MRD evaluation by clonotypic analysis of Immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) Variable-Diversity-Junctional (VDJ) gene rearrangement will be performed on bone marrow (BM) samples obtained by the end of induction and consolidation and thereafter every 6 mm after the first maintenance treatment dose. The Clonal Sequencing (ClonoSEQTM) assay (Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle) will be used at sensitivity thresholds of 10-3 (1 cancer cell per 1,000 nucleated cells), 10-4 and >/= 10-5. The rate of MRD negativity in each of the treatment arms of study protocol is determined as the proportion of patients with MRD negativity (>/=10-5 sensitivity level) at any established treatment point. Patients who withdraw from the study or are lost to Follow-up (FU) will be considered censored a t the time of the last MRD assessment. Patients will be classified as MRD positive if they have only MRD positive test results or do not undergo MRD assessment.
Measured: 5 years
Secondary outcomes (7)
Overall response rate (ORR)
ORR will include at least PR using the International Response Criteria reported by Durie et al. (Appendix V) Categories of response will include stringent Complete Response (sCR), CR, Very Good Partial Response (VGPR), PR, Stable Disease (SD) and PD. If, during the course of the study, other relevant categories are identified in the literature, then these categories may be added. Responders are defined as subjects with at least a PR.
Measured: 5 years
Progression free survival 2 (PFS2)
PFS2 will be measured from the date of first randomization to the date of observation of second disease progression (i.e. progression after the second line of therapy) or death to any cause as an event. In case of date of second progression is not available, date of start of third line treatment can be used. Subjects who withdraw from the study will be considered at the time of the last complete disease assessment. Subjects who complete the study, have no progressed, and are still alive at the cut-off date of final analysis will be censored at the cut-off date. All subjects who were lost to follow-up prior to the end of the study have no progressed, and are still alive will also be censored at the time of last contact
Measured: 5 years
Duration of response (DoR)
Time between first documentation of response and PD. Responders without disease progression will be censored either at the time of lost to follow-up, at the time of death due to other cause than PD, or at the end of the study.
Measured: 5 years
Overall survival (OS):
OS is defined as the time between the date of first randomization and death. Subject who die, regardless the cause of death, will be uncensored as an event. Alive subjects who withdraw consent for study will be censored at the time of withdrawal. Subjects who complete the study and are still alive at the cut-off date of final analysis will be censored at the cut-off date. All subjects who were lost to follow-up prior to the end of the study will also be censored at the time of last contact.
Measured: 5 years
Time to the next anti-myeloma therapy (TNT)
TNT will be measured from the date of first randomization to the date of next anti-myeloma therapy. Death due to disease progression before starting therapy or death of any causes, will be considered an event. Subjects who withdraw from the study will be considered censored at the time of the last complete disease assessment. Subject who complete the study, have no progressed, and are still alive at the cut-off date of final analysis will be censored at the cut-off date. All subjects who were lost to follow-up prior to the end of the study will also be censored at the time of last contact.
Measured: 5 years
MRD by NGF and Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/CT
Immunophenotypic CR is defined as CR plus absence of phenotypically aberrant PCs (clonal) in bone marrow with a minimum of 1 million total bone marrow cells analyzed by multiparametric flow cytometry (with 2 tubes of 8colors) PET/CT negativity is defined as the complete disappearance of any area of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake, according to the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria
Measured: 5 years
Definition of prognostic factors, as assessed by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) (MM-panel)
An NGS-based MM-panel will be employed to deeply characterize MM CD138+ clone(s) both at diagnosis and at time of first PD. MM-panel includes genes either most frequently involved in MM pathogenesis, or involved in drugs' mechanism of action. In addition, it includes Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in genomic regions frequently involved in Chromosomal numerical abnormality (CNAs) in MM, as well as immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IgH). The MM-panel will allow the exploitation of either genes' variants, or CNAs or IgH translocations as prognostic factors correlated to progression. In addition, the eventual variation of Variants Allele Frequencies (VAFs), as described in the comparison between diagnostic and progression CD138+ samples, will allow the definition of different evolutionary trajectories. A stratification of patients will be performed according to the evolution patterns, and clinical correlations will be performed.
Measured: 5 years
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted1 Apr 2019
- Study start16 Apr 2019
- Primary completion30 Jun 2026
- Study completion15 Sep 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Multiple MyelomaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Dara-VCD versus VTd
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 401 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- European Myeloma Network B.V.
- Sponsor type
- Research network
- Collaborators
- EMN Trial Office S.r.l. Impresa Sociale
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03896737
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- EMN18
- Status last verified
- Jul 2026
- First submitted
- 28 Mar 2019
- Last updated
- 16 Jul 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 16 Jul 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Multicenter, Open Label, Randomized Phase II Study Comparing Daratumumab Combined With Bortezomib-Cyclophosphamide-dexamethasone (Dara-VCd) Versus the Association of Bortezomib-Thalidomide-dexamethasone (VTd) as Pre Transplant Induction and Post Transplant Consolidation, Both Followed by a Maintenance Phase With Ixazomib Alone or in Combination With Daratumumab, in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (MM) Young Patients Eligible for Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03896737
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- EMN18
- Conditions
- Multiple Myeloma
- Keywords
- diagnosis, elderly, autologous stem cell transplantation
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Active, not recruiting
- Enrolment
- 401 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- European Myeloma Network B.V.Research network
- Collaborators
- EMN Trial Office S.r.l. Impresa Sociale
- Study start
- 16 Apr 2019 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Jun 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 15 Sep 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 1 Apr 2019 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This protocol is a phase II multicenter, randomized, open label study designed to assess the efficacy and safety of daratumumab combined with bortezomib, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone (Dara-VCd) versus the association of bortezomib, thalidomide and dexamethasone (VTd) as pre transplant induction and post transplant consolidation, followed by maintenance with ixazomib alone or in combination with daratumumab, in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients eligible for autologous stem cell transplantation.
Patients enrolled in the Dara-VCd arm will receive: 4 cycles of daratumumab-bortezomib-cyclophosphamide-dexamethasone induction, followed by transplantation and 2 cycles of daratumumab-bortezomib-cyclophosphamide-dexamethasone consolidation. The choice of cyclophosphamide in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone is suggested by the better safety profile of cyclophosphamide, in comparison with thalidomide and the efficacy of the alkylator agent, when combined with bortezomib.
Once-weekly bortezomib seems to be equally effective and better tolerated than the standard twice weekly schedule. The outcomes and response rate did not appear to be affected by the bortezomib dosing schedule.
Patients enrolled in the VTd arm will receive: 4 cycles of bortezomib-thalidomide-dexamethasone induction, followed by autologous transplantation and 2 cycles of bortezomib-thalidomide dexamethasone as consolidation. The VTd drug association is the current standard first line induction therapy for multiple myeloma patients who are eligible to stem cell transplantation.
At the end of consolidation phase patients with at least a partial response (≥ PR) will be rerandomized (assigned by chance) to one of 2 treatment groups to receive maintenance treatment with ixazomib alone or in combination with daratumumab. Patients will receive treatment until any sign of progression or intolerance, up to 24 months.
Detailed description
INDUCTION AND CONSOLIDATION REGIMEN:
Arm Dara-VCd:
Daratumumab: 16 mg/Kg given by IV infusion on days 1, 8, 15, 22, on cycles 1-2 and on days 1, 15 on cycles 3-4.
Bortezomib: 1.3 mg/m2 given subcutaneous (SC) injection on days 1, 8,15, 22; Cyclophosphamide: 300 mg/ m2 given orally or by IV infusion on days 1, 8, 15, 22; Dexamethasone: 40 mg given orally or by IV infusion on days 1, 8, 15, 22 Repeat for four 4-week induction cycles. After induction all patients will be given Cyclophosphamide at the dose of 3 g/m2, followed by Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) for stem cell collection. Cyclophosphamide will start 4-6 weeks after start of the fourth cycle of therapy.
Stem cell collection will be performed as soon as CD34+ cells are present in peripheral blood, which is usually between 9-14 days after first day of Cyclophosphamide. Stem cells will be harvested at a minimum of 4 x 106 CD34+ cells/kg and cryopreserved. In case insufficient stem cells are collected the procedure may be repeated or alternatively bone marrow stem cell collection may be performed or Plerixafor may be used.
4-6 weeks after cyclophosphamide patients will be treated with High Dose Melphalan followed by autologous stem cell reinfusion according to the schedule below:
- Melphalan 200 mg/ m² day - 2 i.v. rapid infusion
- Stem cell infusion Minimum of 2 x 10^6CD34+cells/kg day 0 90-120 days after Melphalan administration consolidation treatment will be administered: Daratumumab: 16 mg/Kg given by IV infusion on days 1, 15; Bortezomib: 1.3 mg/m2 given by SC injection on days 1, 8, 15, 22; Cyclophosphamide: 300 mg/ m2 given orally or by IV infusion on days 1, 8, 15, 22; Dexamethasone: 40 mg given orally or by IV infusion on days 1, 8, 15, 22. Repeat for 2 4-week consolidation cycles.
Arm VTd:
Bortezomib: 1.3 mg/m2 given by SC injection on days 1, 4, 8, 11 of 28-day cycle; Thalidomide: 100 mg given orally on days 1-28. Dexamethasone: 20 mg given orally or by IV injection on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10 and 11 of every 28-day cycle.
Repeat for 4 4-week induction cycles. After induction all patients will be given Cyclophosphamide at the dose of 3 g/m2, followed by G-CSF for stem cell collection. Cyclophosphamide will start 4-6 weeks after start of the fourth cycle of therapy.
Stem cell collection will be performed as soon as cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34)+ cells are present in peripheral blood, which is usually between 9-14 days after first day of Cyclophosphamide. Stem cells will be harvested at a minimum of 4 x 106 CD34+ cells/kg and cryopreserved. In case insufficient stem cells are collected the procedure may be repeated by using also Plerixafor or alternatively bone marrow stem cell collection may be performed.
4-6 weeks after cyclophosphamide patients will be treated with High Dose Melphalan followed by autologous stem cell reinfusion according to the schedule below:
- Melphalan 200 mg/ m² day -2 i.v. rapid infusion
- Stem cell infusion Minimum of 2 x 10^6CD34+cells/kg day 0 90-120 days after Melphalan administration consolidation treatment will be administered: Bortezomib: 1.3 mg/m2 given by SC injection on days 1, 4, 8, 11 of 28-day cycle; Thalidomide: 100 mg given orally on days 1-28; Dexamethasone: 20 mg given orally or by IV injection on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10 and 11 of every 28-day cycle.
Repeat for 2 4-week consolidation cycles.
MAINTENANCE TREATMENT:
All patients in ≥ PR after consolidation will be randomized to receive:
Arm I Ixazomib 3 mg on days 1, 8, 15 of cycle 1-4, followed by ixazomib 4 mg on days 1, 8, 15 cycles from cycle 5*.
Repeat each cycle every 28 days. Patients will receive treatment until any sign of progression or intolerance, up to 24 months.
Arm II Ixazomib 3 mg on days 1, 8, 15 of cycle 1-4, followed by ixazomib 4 mg on days 1, 8, 15 cycles from cycle 5*.
Daratumumab 16 mg/kg on day 1. Repeat each cycle every 28 days. Patients will receive treatment until any sign of progression or intolerance, up to 24 months.
*The dose escalation is admitted only in case there have been no non-hematologic Adverse Events (AEs) ≥ Grade 2 related to study drug and no dose interruptions related to study drug toxicities.
Patients in the first randomization will be stratified according to fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) (standard/missing vs high risk, defined as del17, t 4;14, t 14;16) and International Staging System (ISS) (I vs II and III) Patients randomized to maintenance treatment will be stratified according to induction treatment and Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) status by nerve growth factor (NGF) (positive and not evaluable vs negative).
STATISTICAL DESIGN A total of 400 patients will be needed, in according to the study design, to provide a power of at least 85% to the statistical analysis with a two sided alpha error of 0.05 (see study protocol for details).
The statistical analysis will be performed in according to the intention to treat principle and will include summary of descriptive statistics (arithmetic mean and standard deviation, minimum and maximum, median with the interquartile range as appropriate) for continuous variables, absolute frequencies and percentages will be reported for qualitative variables. 95% Confidence intervals will be provided for variables subjected to statistical inference.
Proportions will be compared between treatment groups by use of the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.
Kaplan-Meier method will be used for survival analyses to estimate and compare survival outcomes.
The log-rank test will be adopted to compare survival curves. Multivariable analysis, using semi parametric Cox proportional hazard regression model, will be performed to assess factors significantly affecting the progression free survival.
The safety analysis will include all patients randomized who will receive at least one dose of study treatment and the toxicity will be compared between treatment groups with chi-squared test.
All tests will be considered significant with p values less than 0.05.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Dara-VCD versus VTd
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Dara-VCd | Experimental | Drug: Daratumumab plus Velcade Cyclophosphamide Dexamethasonetreatment period includes administration of four 28-day cycles of induction with Dara- VCd; then patients will undergo transplant and finally they will receive two 28-day cycles of Dara-VCd consolidation treatment. The response will be assessed after each cycle. Patients in the first randomization will be stratified according to FISH (standard/missing vs high risk,defined as del17, t 4;14, t 14;16) and ISS (I vs II and III). TREATMENT SCHEMA - INDUCTION Daratumumab: 16 mg/Kg given by IV infusion on days 1, 8, 15, 22, on cycles 1-2 and on days 1, 15 on cycles 3-4. Bortezomib: 1.3 mg/m2 given SC injection on days 1, 8,15, 22; Cyclophosphamide: 300 mg/ m2 given orally or IV infusion on days 1, 8, 15, 22; Dexamethasone: 40 mg given orally or by IV infusion on days 1, 8, 15,22 Repeat for four 4-week induction cycles. |
| VTd | Active comparator | Drug: Velcade Thalidomide Dexamethasonetreatment period includes administration of four 28-day cycles of induction with VTd; then patients will undergo transplant and finally they will receive two 28-day cycles of VTd consolidation treatment. TREATMENT SCHEMA INDUCTION ARM VTd: Bortezomib: 1.3 mg/m2 given by SC injection on days 1, 4, 8, 11 of 28-day cycle; Thalidomide: 100 mg given orally on days 1-28. Dexamethasone: 20 mg given orally or by IV injection on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10 and 11 of every 28-day cycle. Repeat for four 4-week induction cycles. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (31 listed)
- Patient at least 18 years of age and ≤ 65 years.
- Patient eligible for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT).
- Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) ≥ 40%. 2-D transthoracic echocardiogram (ECHO) is the preferred method of evaluation. Multigated Acquisition Scan (MUGA) is acceptable if ECHO is not available.
- Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patient.
- Patient has given voluntary written informed consent before performance of any study related procedure not part of standard medical care, with the understanding that consent may be withdrawn by the patient at any time without prejudice to future medical care.
Key exclusion criteria (11 listed)
- Patient with a diagnosis of primary amyloidosis, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, smoldering MM or Plasma Cell Leukemia (PCL). Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance is defined by presence of serum M-protein <3 g/dL, clonal bone marrow plasma cells <10%, and absence of end-organ damage or amyloidosis that can be attributed to the plasma cell proliferative disorder. Smoldering multiple myeloma is defined as serum monoclonal protein ≥ 30 g/L or urinary monoclonal protein ≥ 500 mg per 24 h and/or clonal bone marrow plasma cell 10-60% with absence of related organ or tissue impairment or end-organ damage or amyloidosis. Plasma cell leukemia is defined as presence of circulating plasmacells (PCs) >2×109/L in peripheral blood or a peripheral blood plasmacytosis >20%
- Patient with a diagnosis of Waldenström's disease, or other conditions in which immunoglobulin M (IgM) M-protein is present in the absence of a clonal plasma cell infiltration with lytic bone lesions.
- Patient has prior or current systemic therapy or SCT for multiple myeloma, with the exception of an emergency use of a short course (equivalent of dexamethasone 40 mg/day for a maximum 4 days) of corticosteroids before treatment.
- Patient has peripheral neuropathy of grade 2 or higher as defined by National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI CTC) 4.0.
- Patient is exhibiting clinical signs of meningeal involvement of multiple myeloma.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Daratumumab plus Velcade Cyclophosphamide DexamethasoneTo compare Dara-VCd versus VTd as pre transplant induction and post transplant consolidation, both followed by a maintenance phase with Ixazomib alone or in combination with Daratumumab, in newly diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (MM) young patients eligible for autologous stem cell transplantation. | Drug | Dara-VCd |
| Velcade Thalidomide DexamethasoneTo compare Dara-VCd versus VTd as pre transplant induction and post transplant consolidation, both followed by a maintenance phase with Ixazomib alone or in combination with Daratumumab, in newly diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (MM) young patients eligible for autologous stem cell transplantation. | Drug | VTd |
Primary outcome
Progression free survival (PFS)
Time frame: 5 years
PFS in part 1 and part 2 of the study will be measured from the date of first or second randomization to the date of first observation of disease progression or death to any cause as an event. Subjects who withdraw from the study will be considered censored at the time of the last complete disease assessment. Subjects who complete the study, have no progressed, and are still alive at the cut-off date of final analysis will be censored at the cut-off date. All subjects who were lost to followup prior to the end of the study have no progressed, and are still alive will also be censored at the time of last contact.
MRD negativity
Time frame: 5 years
MRD evaluation by clonotypic analysis of Immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) Variable-Diversity-Junctional (VDJ) gene rearrangement will be performed on bone marrow (BM) samples obtained by the end of induction and consolidation and thereafter every 6 mm after the first maintenance treatment dose. The Clonal Sequencing (ClonoSEQTM) assay (Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle) will be used at sensitivity thresholds of 10-3 (1 cancer cell per 1,000 nucleated cells), 10-4 and >/= 10-5. The rate of MRD negativity in each of the treatment arms of study protocol is determined as the proportion of patients with MRD negativity (>/=10-5 sensitivity level) at any established treatment point. Patients who withdraw from the study or are lost to Follow-up (FU) will be considered censored a t the time of the last MRD assessment. Patients will be classified as MRD positive if they have only MRD positive test results or do not undergo MRD assessment.
7 secondary outcomes
Overall response rate (ORR)
Time frame: 5 years
Progression free survival 2 (PFS2)
Time frame: 5 years
Duration of response (DoR)
Time frame: 5 years
Overall survival (OS):
Time frame: 5 years
Time to the next anti-myeloma therapy (TNT)
Time frame: 5 years
MRD by NGF and Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/CT
Time frame: 5 years
Definition of prognostic factors, as assessed by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) (MM-panel)
Time frame: 5 years
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 16 Jul 2026.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
24 sites in 3 countries: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 2 study testing Daratumumab plus Velcade Cyclophosphamide Dexamethasone and Velcade Thalidomide Dexamethasone in people with Multiple Myeloma, run by European Myeloma Network B.V. at 24 sites in 3 countries.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 31 inclusion and 11 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: under way, not looking for participants, as of the sponsor's last update on 16 Jul 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 24 sites in Italy, Czechia, Greece. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Progression free survival (PFS) (time frame: 5 years). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 16 Jul 2026.