Smoking, CigaretteNCT03851029
Aerobic and Tai Chi Exercise Among the Smoker University Students
A study testing Tai chi and Aerobic Training in people with Smoking, Cigarette, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
It has also been observed that exercise reduces weight gain up to two years after quitting. Weight gain is often mentioned as a reason not to quit smoking, or as a reason to start smoking again. In addition, exercise has many other general benefits for smokers who have quit. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 27 years, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Smoking, Cigarette
- What is being tested?
- Tai chi and Aerobic Training
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 87 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 14 Feb 2018to 10 Dec 2018
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 27 years
- Men only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- University students of smokers (Mild to moderate) (nicotine level)
Who cannot join
- Person with psychiatric disorders, neurological disorders, malignancies.
- Diagnosed Cardiac disease.
- Age less than 18 years and more than 27 years.
- Musculoskeletal disease that he was unable to perform aerobic exercises,
- Neuromuscular diseases that he was unable to maintain balance,
- Pulmonary issues like asthmatic students will be excluded
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Comparison of Aerobic & Tai Chi Exercise on Cardiopulmonary Endurance Levels Among the Smoker University Students
It has also been observed that exercise reduces weight gain up to two years after quitting. Weight gain is often mentioned as a reason not to quit smoking, or as a reason to start smoking again. In addition, exercise has many other general benefits for smokers who have quit. However, the focus of the current research is the evaluate the effect of Aerobic\& Tai Chi exercise on cardiopulmonary endurance levels among the smoker students within the University of Lahore. On the basis of comparison between two techniques, the study further concludes the findings by highlighting the strength of each technique.
Read the detailed description
Currently, in Latin America and in the world, there is a strong focus on treatment and prevention in the population of all ages, with an emphasis on identifying and reducing modifiable risk factors that increases the possibility of chronic disease development among smokers.
Due to limited knowledge, people have develop the conception that Tai-Chi is not effective as much as high intensity exercises such as hiking, jumping ropes, biking and other aerobic exercises. Since last three decades the controversy related to effectiveness of Tai-chi exercises was persistent and to avoid the confusion a research was conducted on 25 Tai-chi students age range between 20-60years. The students were enrolled in the course of 7 years and was learning Yang style of Tai chi. The researchers have selected blood pressure, pulse and heart rate to assess the effectiveness of Tai-chi techniques and the data was recorded before and after the training of Tai-chi techniques. Through the findings of the study, they have observed that with light or easy frequency, the heart rate out of the maximum heart rate, the cardiovascular stimulus reached between 60 to 80% of the criteria introduced by the American Heart Association (AHA).
Accordingly, if these exercises performed at high performance, there was a minimum stimulation of the heart and observed at less than 60% of the maximum heart rate. Therefore, people who suffer from high blood pressure, or those who recovered from heart attacks or heart surgeries, high performance is a better option. According to specialists, a person can easily reach the standards set by the AHA by practicing Tai Chi three times a day.
When Tai Chi movements are performed quickly, they have the same beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system as aerobic exercise without creating the tension or stress. The physical stimulation can the be achieved by practicing the slow movements while using weights on the ankles, arms or body. Tai Chi is a very safe way of doing exercises and offers the same benefits as aerobic exercises, with no subsequent consequences.
Researchers state that high intensity exercise cannot be considered a complete physical activity. Although their influence on cardiovascular and muscular disorders is very high, but they do not necessary benefit other part of the body. On the other hand, Tai Chi has a significant impact on the overall body system and has the ability to rehabilitate any kind of body functioning disorder as compared to aerobic exercises. Along with that, age limitation, muscle strength and other environmental factors are the major concerns that influence the ability of performing Aerobic exercises with the full capacity. However, this is not the case with Tai-Chi exercises, in fact clinicians advise older people to perform the Tai chi technique to reduce the effect of cardiac disorders and improve body immune system.
On the other hand, traditional and advanced medical treatment, physical activity and exercise in the form of aerobic exercises are well-organized therapies for Heart failure risks. Although, researchers have presented controversial arguments related to the effectiveness of aerobic exercises with respect to rehabilitation, and continuous practice of such technique has shown quite positive and admirable effects to improve cardiac function, and reduced symptoms related to HF. In people with normal cardiac function, the practice of aerobic exercise results in a better cardiovascular function and better oxygen consumption as well as a lower heart rate at rest and a greater double product. The improvement in oxygen consumption is the result of an increase in cardiac performance and a greater extraction of oxygen in the muscles that are working. The best cardiac performance results from an increase in ventricular filling and beat volume.
Most importantly, Taichi not only supposes a multitude of advantages in the systems and parts of the body that habitually can improve with other exercises, but also it affects the circulation of the blood and the arterial tension because it activates intestinal functioning of the nervous system. Each of the movements of Tai Chi seeks to channel and release all energy to achieve a state of maximum peace of mind. In order to achieve the desired effects, concentration is extensively important along with breathing and movements.
- Conditions
- Smoking, Cigarette
- Being tested
- Tai chi, Aerobic Training
- Keywords
- Aerobic Exercise, Smoking, Tai Chi Exercise, University Student
- Medical subject headings
- Cigarette Smoking, Smoking
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Tai chiOther
Session:
- 3 times a week for 30-45 min.
Duration:
- For 6 weeks
Warm-up:
- 10-15 mints
Cool-down:
- 10-15 mints or stretching's
Exercises time:
- 20-30 mints
Aerobic TrainingOther
Session:
- 3 times a week for 30-45 min.
Duration:
- For 6 weeks
Warm-up:
- 10-15 mints
Cool-down:
- 10-15 mints or stretching's
Exercises time:
- 20-30 mints
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Tai chi | Experimental | (Yang 24 postures) Moderate intensity HRR (40%-60%) Receives: Other: Tai chi |
| Aerobic Training | Active comparator | Elliptical Moderate intensity HRR (40%-60%) Receives: Other: Aerobic Training |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Shuttle run test (VO2 max)
Changes from the Baseline. This test is used to measure cardiopulmonary and cardiovascular fitness and maximum oxygen uptake VO2 max. VO2 max= 3.46*(L+SN/ (L*0.4325+7.0048)) + 12.2) Rating from Excellent to Poor cardiopulmonary endurance.
Measured: 6 weeks
Secondary outcomes (3)
Nicotine (cotinine drug test kit) urine strip tests:
Changes from the Baseline. The actual level of impregnation can be found more accurately by assessing the concentration of cotinine in the urine according to 3 detection levels (low / medium / high). Low concentration 1-3 cigarettes per day, Medium 3 to 10 cigarettes per day and High concentration 10 cigarettes per day
Measured: 6 weeks
Digital Spirometer peak expiratory flow PEF, FEV1 - Forced Expiratory Volume and Forced vital Capacity FVC
Changes from the Baseline. The digital spirometer is used in clinical setting to analyze peak expiratory flow PEF in Liter/second. FEV1 - Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second in liter and Forced vital Capacity in Liter
Measured: 6 weeks
Glover Nilsson Smoking Behavioral Questionnaire (GN-SBQ)
Changes from the baseline The Glover-Nilsson Smoking Behavior Questionnaire (GN-SBQ) is a self-report measure of behavioral dependence based on behaviors that may surround smoking or thoughts about smoking. Scores fall within a range of 0-33, with scores of 0 indicating mild behavioral dependence, and scores of 33 indicating very strong behavioral dependence
Measured: 6 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted22 Feb 2019
- Study start14 Feb 2018
- Primary completion20 Nov 2018
- Study completion10 Dec 2018
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (13)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Smoking, CigaretteStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Riphah International UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 87 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Sumaiyah Obaid Baig, MSNMPT, Principal investigator, Riphah International University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03851029
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- RiphahIU Ibraheem Zafar
- Status last verified
- Aug 2019
- First submitted
- 8 Feb 2019
- Last updated
- 8 Aug 2019
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Pleis JR, Ward BW, Lucas JW. Summary health statistics for U.S. adults: National Health Interview Survey, 2009. Vital Health Stat 10. 2010 Dec;(249):1-207.
PubMed 21905346Nelson ME, Rejeski WJ, Blair SN, Duncan PW, Judge JO, King AC, Macera CA, Castaneda-Sceppa C; American College of Sports Medicine; American Heart Association. Physical activity and public health in older adults: recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2007 Aug 28;116(9):1094-105. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.185650. Epub 2007 Aug 1.
PubMed 17671236D'Agostino RB Sr, Vasan RS, Pencina MJ, Wolf PA, Cobain M, Massaro JM, Kannel WB. General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2008 Feb 12;117(6):743-53. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.699579. Epub 2008 Jan 22.
PubMed 18212285Kuramoto AM. Therapeutic benefits of Tai Chi exercise: research review. WMJ. 2006 Oct;105(7):42-6.
PubMed 17163086Nedeljkovic M, Ausfeld-Hafter B, Streitberger K, Seiler R, Wirtz PH. Taiji practice attenuates psychobiological stress reactivity--a randomized controlled trial in healthy subjects. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2012 Aug;37(8):1171-80. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.12.007. Epub 2012 Jan 4.
PubMed 22222120Yeh GY, Wang C, Wayne PM, Phillips RS. The effect of tai chi exercise on blood pressure: a systematic review. Prev Cardiol. 2008 Spring;11(2):82-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-7141.2008.07565.x.
PubMed 18401235Taylor-Piliae RE, Silva E, Sheremeta SP. Tai Chi as an adjunct physical activity for adults aged 45 years and older enrolled in phase III cardiac rehabilitation. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2012 Mar;11(1):34-43. doi: 10.1016/j.ejcnurse.2010.11.001.
PubMed 21095159Barrow DE, Bedford A, Ives G, O'Toole L, Channer KS. An evaluation of the effects of Tai Chi Chuan and Chi Kung training in patients with symptomatic heart failure: a randomised controlled pilot study. Postgrad Med J. 2007 Nov;83(985):717-21. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.2007.061267.
PubMed 17989272Redwine LS, Tsuang M, Rusiewicz A, Pandzic I, Cammarata S, Rutledge T, Hong S, Linke S, Mills PJ. A pilot study exploring the effects of a 12-week t'ai chi intervention on somatic symptoms of depression in patients with heart failure. J Altern Complement Med. 2012 Aug;18(8):744-8. doi: 10.1089/acm.2011.0314. Epub 2012 Jul 30.
PubMed 22845485Taylor-Piliae RE, Froelicher ES. Effectiveness of Tai Chi exercise in improving aerobic capacity: a meta-analysis. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2004 Jan-Feb;19(1):48-57. doi: 10.1097/00005082-200401000-00009.
PubMed 14994782Jones LW, Eves ND, Peterson BL, Garst J, Crawford J, West MJ, Mabe S, Harpole D, Kraus WE, Douglas PS. Safety and feasibility of aerobic training on cardiopulmonary function and quality of life in postsurgical nonsmall cell lung cancer patients: a pilot study. Cancer. 2008 Dec 15;113(12):3430-9. doi: 10.1002/cncr.23967.
PubMed 18988290Downing J, Balady GJ. The role of exercise training in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011 Aug 2;58(6):561-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.04.020.
PubMed 21798416Moholdt TT, Amundsen BH, Rustad LA, Wahba A, Lovo KT, Gullikstad LR, Bye A, Skogvoll E, Wisloff U, Slordahl SA. Aerobic interval training versus continuous moderate exercise after coronary artery bypass surgery: a randomized study of cardiovascular effects and quality of life. Am Heart J. 2009 Dec;158(6):1031-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2009.10.003.
PubMed 19958872
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 8 Aug 2019. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparison of Aerobic & Tai Chi Exercise on Cardiopulmonary Endurance Levels Among the Smoker University Students
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03851029
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- RiphahIU Ibraheem Zafar
- Conditions
- Smoking, Cigarette
- Keywords
- Aerobic Exercise, Smoking, Tai Chi Exercise, University Student
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 87 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 14 Feb 2018 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 20 Nov 2018 (actual)
- Study completion
- 10 Dec 2018 (actual)
- First posted
- 22 Feb 2019 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
It has also been observed that exercise reduces weight gain up to two years after quitting. Weight gain is often mentioned as a reason not to quit smoking, or as a reason to start smoking again. In addition, exercise has many other general benefits for smokers who have quit. However, the focus of the current research is the evaluate the effect of Aerobic\& Tai Chi exercise on cardiopulmonary endurance levels among the smoker students within the University of Lahore. On the basis of comparison between two techniques, the study further concludes the findings by highlighting the strength of each technique.
Detailed description
Currently, in Latin America and in the world, there is a strong focus on treatment and prevention in the population of all ages, with an emphasis on identifying and reducing modifiable risk factors that increases the possibility of chronic disease development among smokers.
Due to limited knowledge, people have develop the conception that Tai-Chi is not effective as much as high intensity exercises such as hiking, jumping ropes, biking and other aerobic exercises. Since last three decades the controversy related to effectiveness of Tai-chi exercises was persistent and to avoid the confusion a research was conducted on 25 Tai-chi students age range between 20-60years. The students were enrolled in the course of 7 years and was learning Yang style of Tai chi. The researchers have selected blood pressure, pulse and heart rate to assess the effectiveness of Tai-chi techniques and the data was recorded before and after the training of Tai-chi techniques. Through the findings of the study, they have observed that with light or easy frequency, the heart rate out of the maximum heart rate, the cardiovascular stimulus reached between 60 to 80% of the criteria introduced by the American Heart Association (AHA).
Accordingly, if these exercises performed at high performance, there was a minimum stimulation of the heart and observed at less than 60% of the maximum heart rate. Therefore, people who suffer from high blood pressure, or those who recovered from heart attacks or heart surgeries, high performance is a better option. According to specialists, a person can easily reach the standards set by the AHA by practicing Tai Chi three times a day.
When Tai Chi movements are performed quickly, they have the same beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system as aerobic exercise without creating the tension or stress. The physical stimulation can the be achieved by practicing the slow movements while using weights on the ankles, arms or body. Tai Chi is a very safe way of doing exercises and offers the same benefits as aerobic exercises, with no subsequent consequences.
Researchers state that high intensity exercise cannot be considered a complete physical activity. Although their influence on cardiovascular and muscular disorders is very high, but they do not necessary benefit other part of the body. On the other hand, Tai Chi has a significant impact on the overall body system and has the ability to rehabilitate any kind of body functioning disorder as compared to aerobic exercises. Along with that, age limitation, muscle strength and other environmental factors are the major concerns that influence the ability of performing Aerobic exercises with the full capacity. However, this is not the case with Tai-Chi exercises, in fact clinicians advise older people to perform the Tai chi technique to reduce the effect of cardiac disorders and improve body immune system.
On the other hand, traditional and advanced medical treatment, physical activity and exercise in the form of aerobic exercises are well-organized therapies for Heart failure risks. Although, researchers have presented controversial arguments related to the effectiveness of aerobic exercises with respect to rehabilitation, and continuous practice of such technique has shown quite positive and admirable effects to improve cardiac function, and reduced symptoms related to HF. In people with normal cardiac function, the practice of aerobic exercise results in a better cardiovascular function and better oxygen consumption as well as a lower heart rate at rest and a greater double product. The improvement in oxygen consumption is the result of an increase in cardiac performance and a greater extraction of oxygen in the muscles that are working. The best cardiac performance results from an increase in ventricular filling and beat volume.
Most importantly, Taichi not only supposes a multitude of advantages in the systems and parts of the body that habitually can improve with other exercises, but also it affects the circulation of the blood and the arterial tension because it activates intestinal functioning of the nervous system. Each of the movements of Tai Chi seeks to channel and release all energy to achieve a state of maximum peace of mind. In order to achieve the desired effects, concentration is extensively important along with breathing and movements.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Tai chi | Experimental | Other: Tai chi(Yang 24 postures) Moderate intensity HRR (40%-60%) |
| Aerobic Training | Active comparator | Other: Aerobic TrainingElliptical Moderate intensity HRR (40%-60%) |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 27 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- University students of smokers (Mild to moderate) (nicotine level)
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Person with psychiatric disorders, neurological disorders, malignancies.
- Diagnosed Cardiac disease.
- Age less than 18 years and more than 27 years.
- Musculoskeletal disease that he was unable to perform aerobic exercises,
- Neuromuscular diseases that he was unable to maintain balance,
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Tai chiSession: • 3 times a week for 30-45 min. Duration: • For 6 weeks Warm-up: • 10-15 mints Cool-down: • 10-15 mints or stretching's Exercises time: • 20-30 mints | Other | Tai chi |
| Aerobic TrainingSession: • 3 times a week for 30-45 min. Duration: • For 6 weeks Warm-up: • 10-15 mints Cool-down: • 10-15 mints or stretching's Exercises time: • 20-30 mints | Other | Aerobic Training |
Primary outcome
Shuttle run test (VO2 max)
Time frame: 6 weeks
Changes from the Baseline. This test is used to measure cardiopulmonary and cardiovascular fitness and maximum oxygen uptake VO2 max. VO2 max= 3.46*(L+SN/ (L*0.4325+7.0048)) + 12.2) Rating from Excellent to Poor cardiopulmonary endurance.
3 secondary outcomes
Nicotine (cotinine drug test kit) urine strip tests:
Time frame: 6 weeks
Digital Spirometer peak expiratory flow PEF, FEV1 - Forced Expiratory Volume and Forced vital Capacity FVC
Time frame: 6 weeks
Glover Nilsson Smoking Behavioral Questionnaire (GN-SBQ)
Time frame: 6 weeks
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 8 Aug 2019.
- Background: PubMed 21905346Pleis JR, Ward BW, Lucas JW. Summary health statistics for U.S. adults: National Health Interview Survey, 2009. Vital Health Stat 10. 2010 Dec;(249):1-207.
- Background: PubMed 17671236Nelson ME, Rejeski WJ, Blair SN, Duncan PW, Judge JO, King AC, Macera CA, Castaneda-Sceppa C; American College of Sports Medicine; American Heart Association. Physical activity and public health in older adults: recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2007 Aug 28;116(9):1094-105. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.185650. Epub 2007 Aug 1.
- Background: PubMed 18212285D'Agostino RB Sr, Vasan RS, Pencina MJ, Wolf PA, Cobain M, Massaro JM, Kannel WB. General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2008 Feb 12;117(6):743-53. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.699579. Epub 2008 Jan 22.
- Background: PubMed 17163086Kuramoto AM. Therapeutic benefits of Tai Chi exercise: research review. WMJ. 2006 Oct;105(7):42-6.
- Background: PubMed 22222120Nedeljkovic M, Ausfeld-Hafter B, Streitberger K, Seiler R, Wirtz PH. Taiji practice attenuates psychobiological stress reactivity--a randomized controlled trial in healthy subjects. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2012 Aug;37(8):1171-80. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.12.007. Epub 2012 Jan 4.
- Background: PubMed 18401235Yeh GY, Wang C, Wayne PM, Phillips RS. The effect of tai chi exercise on blood pressure: a systematic review. Prev Cardiol. 2008 Spring;11(2):82-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-7141.2008.07565.x.
- Background: PubMed 21095159Taylor-Piliae RE, Silva E, Sheremeta SP. Tai Chi as an adjunct physical activity for adults aged 45 years and older enrolled in phase III cardiac rehabilitation. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2012 Mar;11(1):34-43. doi: 10.1016/j.ejcnurse.2010.11.001.
- Background: PubMed 17989272Barrow DE, Bedford A, Ives G, O'Toole L, Channer KS. An evaluation of the effects of Tai Chi Chuan and Chi Kung training in patients with symptomatic heart failure: a randomised controlled pilot study. Postgrad Med J. 2007 Nov;83(985):717-21. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.2007.061267.
- Background: PubMed 22845485Redwine LS, Tsuang M, Rusiewicz A, Pandzic I, Cammarata S, Rutledge T, Hong S, Linke S, Mills PJ. A pilot study exploring the effects of a 12-week t'ai chi intervention on somatic symptoms of depression in patients with heart failure. J Altern Complement Med. 2012 Aug;18(8):744-8. doi: 10.1089/acm.2011.0314. Epub 2012 Jul 30.
- Background: PubMed 14994782Taylor-Piliae RE, Froelicher ES. Effectiveness of Tai Chi exercise in improving aerobic capacity: a meta-analysis. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2004 Jan-Feb;19(1):48-57. doi: 10.1097/00005082-200401000-00009.
- Background: PubMed 18988290Jones LW, Eves ND, Peterson BL, Garst J, Crawford J, West MJ, Mabe S, Harpole D, Kraus WE, Douglas PS. Safety and feasibility of aerobic training on cardiopulmonary function and quality of life in postsurgical nonsmall cell lung cancer patients: a pilot study. Cancer. 2008 Dec 15;113(12):3430-9. doi: 10.1002/cncr.23967.
- Background: PubMed 21798416Downing J, Balady GJ. The role of exercise training in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011 Aug 2;58(6):561-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.04.020.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Sumaiyah Obaid Baig, MSNMPT principal investigator
Riphah International University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Tai chi and Aerobic Training in people with Smoking, Cigarette, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 8 Aug 2019. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Shuttle run test (VO2 max) (time frame: 6 weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03851029, which also lists 13 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 8 Aug 2019.