Prevalence and Characteristics of Transthyretin Amyloidosis in Patients With Left Ventricular Hypertrophy of Unknown Etiology

Transthyretin amyloidosis is a slowly progressive condition characterized by the buildup of abnormal deposits of a protein called amyloid (amyloidosis) in the body's organs and tissues.

Transthyretin amyloidosis is a slowly progressive condition characterized by the buildup of abnormal deposits of a protein called amyloid (amyloidosis) in the body's organs and tissues.

Percentage of participants with hereditary ATTRv were reported in this outcome measure. ATTR participants with a ATTR gene sequencing with variant transthyretin was considered as ATTRv.

Percentage of participants with hereditary ATTRv were reported in this outcome measure. ATTR participants with a ATTR gene sequencing with variant transthyretin was considered as ATTRv.

Percentage of participants with hereditary ATTRv were reported in this outcome measure. ATTR participants with a ATTR gene sequencing with variant transthyretin was considered as ATTRv.

Percentage of participants with hereditary ATTRv were reported in this outcome measure. ATTR participants with a ATTR gene sequencing with variant transthyretin was considered as ATTRv.

Percentage of participants with ATTRwt were reported in this outcome measure. ATTR participants with a ATTR gene sequencing with a result of 'no mutation' was considered as ATTRwt.

Percentage of participants with ATTRwt were reported in this outcome measure. ATTR participants with a ATTR gene sequencing with a result of 'no mutation' was considered as ATTRwt.

Percentage of participants with ATTRwt were reported in this outcome measure. ATTR participants with a ATTR gene sequencing with a result of 'no mutation' was considered as ATTRwt.

Percentage of participants with ATTRwt were reported in this outcome measure. ATTR participants with a ATTR gene sequencing with a result of 'no mutation' was considered as ATTRwt.

Scintigraphy is the procedure used to diagnose, stage, and monitor disease. A small amount of a radioactive chemical (radionuclide) was injected into a vein or swallowed. Number of participants with TTR genetic mutations among those who had positive scintigraphy were reported in this outcome measure.

Scintigraphy is the procedure used to diagnose, stage, and monitor disease. A small amount of a radioactive chemical (radionuclide) was injected into a vein or swallowed. Number of participants with TTR genetic mutations among those who had positive scintigraphy were reported in this outcome measure.

Scintigraphy is the procedure used to diagnose, stage, and monitor disease. A small amount of a radioactive chemical (radionuclide) was injected into a vein or swallowed. Number of participants with TTR genetic mutations among those who had positive scintigraphy were reported in this outcome measure.

Scintigraphy is the procedure used to diagnose, stage, and monitor disease. A small amount of a radioactive chemical (radionuclide) was injected into a vein or swallowed. Number of participants With TTR genetic mutations among those who had positive scintigraphy were reported in this outcome measure.

Percentage of participants with any of the familial history of known CM, PN or SCD among their relatives were reported in this outcome measure. Family history for each disease was considered for 1st degree parent, siblings, and 2nd/3rd grade family. CM was defined by the presence of a left ventricular (LV) wall thickness greater than or equal to (>=) 15 mm in one or more LV myocardial segments that is not explained solely by abnormal loading conditions. Polyneuropathy was defined as the simultaneous malfunction of many peripheral nerves throughout the body. SCD was defined as death due to a cardiovascular cause that occurs within one hour of the onset of symptoms. A sudden cardiac arrest occurs when the heart stops beating or is not beating sufficiently to maintain perfusion and life.

Percentage of participants with any of the familial history of known CM, PN or SCD among their relatives were reported in this outcome measure. Family history for each disease was considered for 1st degree parent, siblings, and 2nd/3rd grade family. CM was defined by the presence of a LV wall thickness >= 15 mm in one or more LV myocardial segments that is not explained solely by abnormal loading conditions. Polyneuropathy was defined as the simultaneous malfunction of many peripheral nerves throughout the body. SCD was defined as death due to a cardiovascular cause that occurs within one hour of the onset of symptoms. A sudden cardiac arrest occurs when the heart stops beating or is not beating sufficiently to maintain perfusion and life.

Percentage of participants with any of the familial history of known CM, PN or SCD among their relatives were reported in this outcome measure. Family history for each disease was considered for 1st degree parent, siblings, and 2nd/3rd grade family. CM was defined by the presence of a LV wall thickness >= 15 mm in one or more LV myocardial segments that is not explained solely by abnormal loading conditions. Polyneuropathy was defined as the simultaneous malfunction of many peripheral nerves throughout the body. SCD was defined as death due to a cardiovascular cause that occurs within one hour of the onset of symptoms. A sudden cardiac arrest occurs when the heart stops beating or is not beating sufficiently to maintain perfusion and life.

Percentage of participants with any of the familial history of known CM, PN or SCD among their relatives were reported in this outcome measure. Family history for each disease was considered for 1st degree parent, siblings, and 2nd/3rd grade family. CM was defined by the presence of a LV wall thickness >= 15 mm in one or more LV myocardial segments that is not explained solely by abnormal loading conditions. Polyneuropathy was defined as the simultaneous malfunction of many peripheral nerves throughout the body. SCD was defined as death due to a cardiovascular cause that occurs within one hour of the onset of symptoms. A sudden cardiac arrest occurs when the heart stops beating or is not beating sufficiently to maintain perfusion and life.

Percentage of participants with any of the familial history of known CM, PN or SCD among their relatives were reported in this outcome measure. Family history for each disease was considered for 1st degree parent, siblings, and 2nd/3rd grade family. CM was defined by the presence of a LV wall thickness >= 15 mm in one or more LV myocardial segments that is not explained solely by abnormal loading conditions. Polyneuropathy was defined as the simultaneous malfunction of many peripheral nerves throughout the body. SCD was defined as death due to a cardiovascular cause that occurs within one hour of the onset of symptoms. A sudden cardiac arrest occurs when the heart stops beating or is not beating sufficiently to maintain perfusion and life.

Participants with at least one red flag in the neurological part of the ATTR-Amyloidosis red flags Electronic Case Report Form (e-CRF) part was considered as participants with a senso-motor polyneuropathy.

Participants with at least one red flag in the neurological part of the ATTR-Amyloidosis red flags e-CRF part was considered as participants with a senso-motor polyneuropathy.

Participants with at least one red flag in the neurological part of the ATTR-Amyloidosis red flags e-CRF part was considered as participants with a senso-motor polyneuropathy.

Participants with at least one red flag in the neurological part of the ATTR-Amyloidosis red flags e-CRF part was considered as participants with a senso-motor polyneuropathy.

CTS was defined as a common neurological disorder that occurs when the median nerve, which runs from your forearm into the palm of the hand, becomes pressed or squeezed at the wrist. Participants with a CTS were participants with a bilateral or unilateral CTS.

CTS was defined as a common neurological disorder that occurs when the median nerve, which runs from your forearm into the palm of the hand, becomes pressed or squeezed at the wrist. Participants with a CTS were participants with a bilateral or unilateral CTS.

CTS was defined as a common neurological disorder that occurs when the median nerve, which runs from your forearm into the palm of the hand, becomes pressed or squeezed at the wrist. Participants with a CTS were participants with a bilateral or unilateral CTS.

CTS was defined as a common neurological disorder that occurs when the median nerve, which runs from your forearm into the palm of the hand, becomes pressed or squeezed at the wrist. Participants with a CTS were participants with a bilateral or unilateral CTS.

Participants with autonomic dysfunction were participants with at least one autonomic sign or autonomic symptom = "Yes".

Participants with autonomic dysfunction were participants with at least one autonomic sign or autonomic symptom = "Yes".

Participants with autonomic dysfunction were participants with at least one autonomic sign or autonomic symptom = "Yes".

Participants with autonomic dysfunction were participants with at least one autonomic sign or autonomic symptom = "Yes".

Participants with cardiological manifestations was defined as participants with at least one of the following criteria fulfilled from data collected from e-CRF: cardiological assessments: atrial fibrillation (yes permanent), pacemaker (yes), AICD (yes); in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) part: LGE (positive); electrocardiogram (ECG) part: PR interval less than (<) 80 milliseconds (ms) or greater than (>) 350 ms QRS interval < 60 ms or > 250 ms, Sokolow index < 1 mm or > 70 mm, pseudo MI pattern (yes), PPOr precordial R wave progression(yes), LBBB, RBBB, paced and intraventricular conduct delay (ticked), LVOT (yes), if longitudinal strain is done, strain apical preserved (yes), LV end-diastolic diameter <20 mm or >80 mm, MWT <15 mm or >100 mm, MWT at septum <3 mm or >50 mm, MWT posterior wall <3 mm or >50 mm, LV mass index <40 g/m^2 or >160 g/m^2, Maximal aortic velocity >5 m/s, Mean gradient of Aortic valvular stenosis >70 mmHg, Area of Aortic valvular stenosis <0.2 cm^2 or >3 cm^2.

Participants with cardiological manifestations was defined as participants with at least one of the following criteria fulfilled from data collected from e-CRF: cardiological assessments: atrial fibrillation (yes permanent), pacemaker (yes), AICD (yes); in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) part: LGE (positive); electrocardiogram (ECG) part: PR interval < 80 ms or > 350 ms QRS interval < 60 ms or > 250 ms, Sokolow index < 1 mm or > 70 mm, pseudo MI pattern (yes), PPOr precordial R wave progression(yes), LBBB, RBBB, paced and intraventricular conduct delay (ticked), LVOT (yes), if longitudinal strain is done, strain apical preserved (yes), LV end-diastolic diameter <20 mm or >80 mm, MWT <15 mm or >100 mm, MWT at septum <3 mm or >50 mm, MWT posterior wall <3 mm or >50 mm, LV mass index <40 g/m^2 or >160 g/m^2, Maximal aortic velocity >5 m/s, Mean gradient of Aortic valvular stenosis >70 mmHg, Area of Aortic valvular stenosis <0.2 cm^2 or >3 cm^2.

Participants with cardiological manifestations was defined as participants with at least one of the following criteria fulfilled from data collected from e-CRF: cardiological assessments: atrial fibrillation (yes permanent), pacemaker (yes), AICD (yes); in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) part: LGE (positive); electrocardiogram (ECG) part: PR interval < 80 ms or > 350 ms QRS interval < 60 ms or > 250 ms, Sokolow index < 1 mm or > 70 mm, pseudo MI pattern (yes), PPOr precordial R wave progression(yes), LBBB, RBBB, paced and intraventricular conduct delay (ticked), LVOT (yes), if longitudinal strain is done, strain apical preserved (yes), LV end-diastolic diameter <20 mm or >80 mm, MWT <15 mm or >100 mm, MWT at septum <3 mm or >50 mm, MWT posterior wall <3 mm or >50 mm, LV mass index <40 g/m^2 or >160 g/m^2, Maximal aortic velocity >5 m/s, Mean gradient of Aortic valvular stenosis >70 mmHg, Area of Aortic valvular stenosis <0.2 cm^2 or >3 cm^2.

Participants with cardiological manifestations was defined as participants with at least one of the following criteria fulfilled from data collected from e-CRF: cardiological assessments: atrial fibrillation (yes permanent), pacemaker (yes), AICD (yes); in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) part: LGE (positive); electrocardiogram (ECG) part: PR interval < 80 ms or > 350 ms QRS interval < 60 ms or > 250 ms, Sokolow index < 1 mm or > 70 mm, pseudo MI pattern (yes), PPOr precordial R wave progression(yes), LBBB, RBBB, paced and intraventricular conduct delay (ticked), LVOT (yes), if longitudinal strain is done, strain apical preserved (yes), LV end-diastolic diameter <20 mm or >80 mm, MWT <15 mm or >100 mm, MWT at septum <3 mm or >50 mm, MWT posterior wall <3 mm or >50 mm, LV mass index <40 g/m^2 or >160 g/m^2, Maximal aortic velocity >5 m/s, Mean gradient of Aortic valvular stenosis >70 mmHg, Area of Aortic valvular stenosis <0.2 cm^2 or >3 cm^2.

Laboratory parameters that were considered as out of range included creatinine <45 micromole per liter (μmol/L) or greater than 104 μmol/L w; haemoglobin, participants with a value lower than 11.5 grams per deciliter (g/dL) or higher than 16 g/dL was considered as out of range; Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) value higher than 100 picograms per milliliter (pg/mL); N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP), value higher than 125 pg/mL; Troponin I value higher than 26 pg/mL.

Laboratory parameters that were considered as out of range included creatinine <45 μmol/L or greater than 104 μmol/L w; haemoglobin value lower than 11.5 g/dL or higher than 16 g/dL was considered as out of range; Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) value higher than 100 pg/mL; N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP), value higher than 125 pg/mL; Troponin I value higher than 26 pg/mL.

Laboratory parameters that were considered as out of range included creatinine <45 μmol/L or greater than 104 μmol/L w; haemoglobin value lower than 11.5 g/dL or higher than 16 g/dL was considered as out of range; Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) value higher than 100 pg/mL; N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP), value higher than 125 pg/mL; Troponin I value higher than 26 pg/mL.

Laboratory parameters that were considered as out of range included creatinine <45 μmol/L or greater than 104 μmol/L w; haemoglobin value lower than 11.5 g/dL or higher than 16 g/dL was considered as out of range; Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) value higher than 100 pg/mL; N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP), value higher than 125 pg/mL; Troponin I value higher than 26 pg/mL.

Participants were classified according to presence of neurological red flag as 'Yes' or 'No'.

Participants were classified according to presence of neurological red flag as 'Yes' or 'No'.

Grade of scintigraphy evaluated by the investigator and Grade of SPECT: Grade 0 = absent cardiac uptake, Grade 1=mild uptake less than bone, Grade 2=moderate uptake equal to bone and Grade 3=high uptake greater than bone. Only categories with non-zero values were reported.

Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were evaluated.

SBP and DBP were evaluated.

SBP and DBP were evaluated.

SBP and DBP were evaluated.

Clinical parameters' assessment for hypertension, antihypertensive medication, coronary artery disease, renal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus, lumbar spinal stenosis, carpal tunnel syndrome was categorized as 'Yes' and 'No', where Yes indicated presence and No indicated absence.

Clinical parameters' assessment for hypertension, antihypertensive medication, coronary artery disease, renal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus, lumbar spinal stenosis, carpal tunnel syndrome was categorized as 'Yes' and 'No', where Yes indicated presence and No indicated absence.

Clinical parameters' assessment for hypertension, antihypertensive medication, coronary artery disease, renal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus, lumbar spinal stenosis, carpal tunnel syndrome was categorized as 'Yes' and 'No', where Yes indicated presence and No indicated absence.

Clinical parameters' assessment for hypertension, antihypertensive medication, coronary artery disease, renal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus, lumbar spinal stenosis, carpal tunnel syndrome was categorized as 'Yes' and 'No', where Yes indicated presence and No indicated absence.

Participants classified according to NYHA class as Class I, Class II, Class III, Class IV were reported in this outcome measure. Class I: no symptoms and no limitation in ordinary physical activity, such as shortness of breath when walking, climbing stairs. Class II: mild symptoms (mild shortness of breath and/or angina) and slight limitation during ordinary activity. Class III: marked limitation in activity due to symptoms, even during less-than-ordinary activity, such as walking short distances (20-100 meters), comfortable only at rest. Class IV: severe limitations and experienced symptoms even while at rest, mostly bedbound participants.

Participants classified according to NYHA class as Class I, Class II, Class III, Class IV were reported in this outcome measure. Class I: no symptoms and no limitation in ordinary physical activity, such as shortness of breath when walking, climbing stairs. Class II: mild symptoms (mild shortness of breath and/or angina) and slight limitation during ordinary activity. Class III: marked limitation in activity due to symptoms, even during less-than-ordinary activity, such as walking short distances (20-100 meters), comfortable only at rest. Class IV: severe limitations and experienced symptoms even while at rest, mostly bedbound participants.

Participants classified according to NYHA class as Class I, Class II, Class III, Class IV were reported in this outcome measure. Class I: no symptoms and no limitation in ordinary physical activity, such as shortness of breath when walking, climbing stairs. Class II: mild symptoms (mild shortness of breath and/or angina) and slight limitation during ordinary activity. Class III: marked limitation in activity due to symptoms, even during less-than-ordinary activity, such as walking short distances (20-100 meters), comfortable only at rest. Class IV: severe limitations and experienced symptoms even while at rest, mostly bedbound participants.

Participants classified according to NYHA class as Class I, Class II, Class III, Class IV were reported in this outcome measure. Class I: no symptoms and no limitation in ordinary physical activity, such as shortness of breath when walking, climbing stairs. Class II: mild symptoms (mild shortness of breath and/or angina) and slight limitation during ordinary activity. Class III: marked limitation in activity due to symptoms, even during less-than-ordinary activity, such as walking short distances (20-100 meters), comfortable only at rest. Class IV: severe limitations and experienced symptoms even while at rest, mostly bedbound participants.

Participants were classified according to presence of atrial fibrillation as 'No', 'Yes permanent', 'Yes in the past' and were reported in this outcome measure.

Participants were classified according to presence of atrial fibrillation as 'No', 'Yes permanent', 'Yes in the past' and were reported in this outcome measure.

Participants were classified according to presence of atrial fibrillation as 'No', 'Yes permanent', 'Yes in the past' and were reported in this outcome measure.

Participants were classified according to presence of atrial fibrillation as 'No', 'Yes permanent', 'Yes in the past' and were reported in this outcome measure.

Participants who used pacemaker and ICD were reported in this outcome measure.

Participants who used pacemaker and ICD were reported in this outcome measure.

Participants who used pacemaker and ICD were reported in this outcome measure.

Participants who used pacemaker and ICD were reported in this outcome measure.

Participants with MRI scan performed using LGE classified as 'negative' and 'positive' were reported in this outcome measure. LGE was defined as method where cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) images were obtained after the administration of gadolinium contrast material that accumulated into a tissue with increased extra cellular space.

Participants with MRI scan performed using LGE classified as 'negative' and 'positive' were reported in this outcome measure. LGE was defined as method where cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) images were obtained after the administration of gadolinium contrast material that accumulated into a tissue with increased extra cellular space.

Participants with MRI scan performed using LGE classified as 'negative' and 'positive' were reported in this outcome measure. LGE was defined as method where cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) images were obtained after the administration of gadolinium contrast material that accumulated into a tissue with increased extra cellular space.

Participants with MRI scan performed using LGE classified as 'negative' and 'positive' were reported in this outcome measure. LGE was defined as method where cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) images were obtained after the administration of gadolinium contrast material that accumulated into a tissue with increased extra cellular space.

Participants classified according to assessment for ECG for paced participants as 'Yes' or 'No' were reported in this outcome measure.

Participants classified according to assessment for ECG for paced participants as 'Yes' or 'No' were reported in this outcome measure.

Participants classified according to assessment for ECG for paced participants as 'Yes' or 'No' were reported in this outcome measure.

Participants classified according to assessment for ECG for paced participants as 'Yes' or 'No' were reported in this outcome measure.

Sokolow index is calculated as sum of the amplitude of the S wave in in right precordial lead V1 and the amplitude of the highest R wave in left precordial leads V5 or V6. If the result is greater than 35 mm, it is suggestive of left ventricular hypertrophy.

Sokolow index is calculated as sum of the amplitude of the S wave in in right precordial lead V1 and the amplitude of the highest R wave in left precordial leads V5 or V6. If the result is greater than 35 mm, it is suggestive of left ventricular hypertrophy.

Sokolow index is calculated as sum of the amplitude of the S wave in in right precordial lead V1 and the amplitude of the highest R wave in left precordial leads V5 or V6. If the result is greater than 35 mm, it is suggestive of left ventricular hypertrophy.

Sokolow index is calculated as sum of the amplitude of the S wave in in right precordial lead V1 and the amplitude of the highest R wave in left precordial leads V5 or V6. If the result is greater than 35 mm, it is suggestive of left ventricular hypertrophy.

LVEF was defined as the central measure of left ventricular systolic function. LVEF was the fraction of stroke volume (volume ejected in systole) in relation to the volume of the blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole volume (EDV). LVEF was presented in percentage.

LVEF was defined as the central measure of left ventricular systolic function. LVEF was the fraction of stroke volume (volume ejected in systole) in relation to the volume of the blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole volume (EDV). LVEF was presented in percentage.

LVEF was defined as the central measure of left ventricular systolic function. LVEF was the fraction of stroke volume (volume ejected in systole) in relation to the volume of the blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole volume (EDV). LVEF was presented in percentage.

LVEF was defined as the central measure of left ventricular systolic function. LVEF was the fraction of stroke volume (volume ejected in systole) in relation to the volume of the blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole volume (EDV). LVEF was presented in percentage.

LVOT is defined as limitation of blood flow out of the left ventricle. The level of obstruction can be valvular, sub-valvular, or supravalvular. In this outcome measure participants were categorized as Yes or No on the basis of presence or absence of LVOT.

LVOT is defined as limitation of blood flow out of the left ventricle. The level of obstruction can be valvular, sub-valvular, or supravalvular. In this outcome measure participants were categorized as Yes or No on the basis of presence or absence of LVOT.

LVOT is defined as limitation of blood flow out of the left ventricle. The level of obstruction can be valvular, sub-valvular, or supravalvular. In this outcome measure participants were categorized as Yes or No on the basis of presence or absence of LVOT.

LVOT is defined as limitation of blood flow out of the left ventricle. The level of obstruction can be valvular, sub-valvular, or supravalvular. In this outcome measure participants were categorized as Yes or No on the basis of presence or absence of LVOT.

Participants were classified according to strain apical preserved as 'No' and 'Yes'.

Participants were classified according to strain apical preserved as 'No' and 'Yes'.

Participants were classified according to strain apical preserved as 'No' and 'Yes'.

Participants were classified according to strain apical preserved as 'No' and 'Yes'.

Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) reflects the size of cardiac as well as left ventricular function. It was associated with progressive left ventricular insufficiency.

LVEDD reflects the size of cardiac as well as left ventricular function. It was associated with progressive left ventricular insufficiency.

LVEDD reflects the size of cardiac as well as left ventricular function. It was associated with progressive left ventricular insufficiency.

LVEDD reflects the size of cardiac as well as left ventricular function. It was associated with progressive left ventricular insufficiency.

Participants were classified according to hypertrophic pattern as apical, concentric, asymmetric and mix.

Participants were classified according to hypertrophic pattern as apical, concentric, asymmetric and mix.

Participants were classified according to hypertrophic pattern as apical, concentric, asymmetric and mix.

Participants were classified according to hypertrophic pattern as apical, concentric, asymmetric and mix.

Left ventricular mass (LVM) is the weight of the left ventricle, typically estimated using echocardiography, and is thought to represent the cumulative effect of blood pressure on the heart. Closely related to body size, greater in men than in women, and increases with age. LVMI = LVM (left ventricular mass)/body surface area.

Left ventricular mass (LVM) is the weight of the left ventricle, typically estimated using echocardiography, and is thought to represent the cumulative effect of blood pressure on the heart. Closely related to body size, greater in men than in women, and increases with age. LVMI = LVM (left ventricular mass)/body surface area.

Left ventricular mass (LVM) is the weight of the left ventricle, typically estimated using echocardiography, and is thought to represent the cumulative effect of blood pressure on the heart. Closely related to body size, greater in men than in women, and increases with age. LVMI = LVM (left ventricular mass)/body surface area.

Left ventricular mass (LVM) is the weight of the left ventricle, typically estimated using echocardiography, and is thought to represent the cumulative effect of blood pressure on the heart. Closely related to body size, greater in men than in women, and increases with age. LVMI = LVM (left ventricular mass)/body surface area.

Aortic valve stenosis is a type of heart valve disease (valvular heart disease). The valve between the lower left heart chamber and the body's main artery (aorta) is narrowed and doesn't open fully. This reduces or blocks blood flow from the heart to the aorta and to the rest of the body. Parameters needed to classify the aortic valve stenosis: peak transvalvular velocity, mean pressure gradient and aortic valve area. Here, aortic valve area is reported in this outcome measure.

Aortic valve stenosis is a type of heart valve disease (valvular heart disease). The valve between the lower left heart chamber and the body's main artery (aorta) is narrowed and doesn't open fully. This reduces or blocks blood flow from the heart to the aorta and to the rest of the body. Parameters needed to classify the aortic valve stenosis: peak transvalvular velocity, mean pressure gradient and aortic valve area. Here, aortic valve area is reported in this outcome measure.

Aortic valve stenosis is a type of heart valve disease (valvular heart disease). The valve between the lower left heart chamber and the body's main artery (aorta) is narrowed and doesn't open fully. This reduces or blocks blood flow from the heart to the aorta and to the rest of the body. Parameters needed to classify the aortic valve stenosis: peak transvalvular velocity, mean pressure gradient and aortic valve area. Here, aortic valve area is reported in this outcome measure.

Aortic valve stenosis is a type of heart valve disease (valvular heart disease). The valve between the lower left heart chamber and the body's main artery (aorta) is narrowed and doesn't open fully. This reduces or blocks blood flow from the heart to the aorta and to the rest of the body. Parameters needed to classify the aortic valve stenosis: peak transvalvular velocity, mean pressure gradient and aortic valve area. Here, aortic valve area is reported in this outcome measure.