Mindful Construal Diaries: Can the MCD Increase Mindfulness and Mindful Eating in Bariatric Surgery Patients

Questionnaire - Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire - Short Form (FFMQ-SF; Bohlmeijer, Klooster, Fledderus, Veehof \& Baer, 2011) is a 24-item measure which assesses five different but related aspects of mindfulness on a Likert scale, with a response scale of 1 (never or very rarely true) and 5 (very often or always true). Higher scores indicate higher levels of mindfulness (scores range from 24-120) total FFMQ scores are calculated by summing all items. The scale yields five subscales: observe, describe, acting with awareness, non-judgement and non-reactivity. Each subscales is calculated by summing each item that represents each subscale and subtracting six. Sample items include 'I tell myself that I shouldn't be feeling the way I'm feeling' and 'It seems I am running on automatic without much awareness of what I'm doing'. Higher scores are usually perceived positively as this represents engagement in positive practices which are associated with a range of health benefits.

Questionnaire - Mindful Eating Scale (Hulbert-Williams, Joy \& Hulbert-Williams 2013) is a 28-item measure which assesses mindful eating on a Likert scale, with a response scale of 1 (never) and 4 (usually). Higher scores indicate higher levels of mindful eating (scores range from 28-121), total Mindful Eating Scales scores are calculated by summing all items. The scale yields five subscales which assess different components of mindful eating: acceptance, awareness, non-reactivity, routine, distractibility and unstructured eating. Each subscales is calculated by summing each item that represents each subscale. Sample items include 'I criticise myself for the way I eat' and 'I notice how my food looks'. Higher scores are usually perceived positively as this represents engagement in positive eating practices.

Questionnaire- The Grazing Scale (Lane \& Szabo, 2013) is an 8-item measure which assesses an individual's tendency to eat small amounts of food, throughout the duration of the day, in a way which can be defined as unplanned, repetitious and uncontrolled. Responses are scored on a Likert scales 1 (rarely) and 4 (all of the time). Scores range from 8-32 and higher scores indicate higher levels of grazing, total scores are calculated by summing all items. Higher grazing scores are usually perceived as negative as this represents engagement in a maladaptive eating behaviour.

Questionnaire - Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire(DEBQ; Van Strien, 2002) is a 33-item scale which assesses eating behaviour styles. Responses are scored on a 5-point Likert scale (never-very often). Total scores range from 33-165, and higher scores relate to more engagement in maladaptive eating behaviours, total DEBQ scores are calculated by summing all items. The scale contains subscales which identify three different types of eating behaviours, these are: restrained, emotional, and external eating. Each subscales is calculated by summing each item that represents each subscale. Sample items include 'do you have the desire to eat when you are irritated?' and 'do you have the desire to eat when you are emotionally upset'.