Escherichia Coli InfectionsNCT03800147
Effects of Nutritional Fat on the Growth of Intestinal E. Coli
A study testing "Mutaflor Suspension" (E. coli Nissle 1917), Blood samples and Stool samples in people with Escherichia Coli Infections, run by University of Zurich at 1 site in Switzerland.
Trial summary
Recent experiments in the lab of Prof. WD Hardt revealed, that in mice, 24 h exposure to a high-fat diet results in a breakdown of colonization resistance against Salmonella typhimurium. Mechanistic experiments identified bile acids as the mediator for reduced colonization resistance. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 85 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Escherichia Coli Infections
- What is being tested?
- "Mutaflor Suspension" (E. coli Nissle 1917), Blood samples and Stool samples
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 40 participants
- Where
- 1 siteSwitzerland
- Study dates
- 24 Jan 2019to 24 Sep 2019
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 85 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Individuals free of abdominal complaints or symptoms
- Written informed consent
- Age 18 - 85 years
- Working at ETH Zurich or University of Zurich and trained and experienced in handling -80°C freezers at biosafety level 2.
Who cannot join
- Previous history of gastrointestinal disease or surgery (excludes appendectomy, hernia repair and surgery for anorectal disorders)
- Known diabetes mellitus, scleroderma, neurological impairment or other major diseases requiring ongoing management
- Immunesuppression
- Subjects with antibiotic therapy, proton pump inhibitors or laxatives within the last four weeks
- Pregnancy beyond week 12. "Mutaflor" intake is safe during pregnancy; however, special regulations are required to gain access to the -80°C freezers. No pregnancy test will be performed.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Switzerland1 site
Institute of Microbiology (D-BIOL), ETH Zurich
Zurich, 8093
Wolf-Dietrich Hardt, Prof. Dr., +41446325143 ext. +41446325143, hardt@micro.biol.ethz.ch
About this study
Recent experiments in the lab of Prof. WD Hardt revealed, that in mice, 24 h exposure to a high-fat diet results in a breakdown of colonization resistance against Salmonella typhimurium. Mechanistic experiments identified bile acids as the mediator for reduced colonization resistance. Exposure to a high fat diet leads to increased bile acid secretion which in turn modify the intestinal microbiota.
It is now the aim to verify the results of this study in human healthy volunteers. The nutritional habits of all participants will carefully be evaluated. In the intervention phase, participants will be exposed to either high-fat or low-fat diet and a controlled dose of the non-pathogenic bacteria E. coli Nissle. E. coli Nissle is the active compound for "Mutaflor®" and other probiotics.
It is planned to enumerate E. coli Nissle counts in the stool after Mutaflor ingestion and to quantify other changes of the human microbiota. The hypothesis is that a high-fat diet leads to increased bile acid secretion results in favorable growth conditions for E. coli Nissle, resulting in high bacterial counts in the stool.
Read the detailed description
Infectious diarrhea causes substantial morbidity in Western countries and the developing world and leads to the use of considerable health resources. Antibiotic resistance continues to increase, potentially leading to a decrease in therapeutic options in the future. Important pathogens include Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) and pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) which are genetically closely related.
The human intestine has considerable colonization resistance against bacterial pathogens. This resistance is largely mediated by the gut microbiota. Therefore, previous exposure to antibiotics or immunosuppression leading to a breakdown of the intestinal defense systems increase the risk for subsequent infection with S. typhimurium.
The composition of the human microbiome undergoes dramatic changes upon exposure to various factors including nutrition, physical activity, drugs and much more. Most studies focused on long-term exposure to various factors; however, since bacterial growth is rapid (doubling time of S. typhimurium under optimal conditions = 20min), even short-term variations in the environment could dramatically influence the human microbiota.
In the lab of Prof. WD Hardt, a mouse model of S. typhimurium enterocolitis has been established. Since most mouse strains are resistant against colonization with S. typhimurium, pretreatment with antibiotics is a requirement for induction of S. typhimurium enterolitis. However, recent experiments in the Hardt lab revealed, that in mice, 24 h exposure to a high-fat diet also results in a breakdown of colonization resistance, leading to Salmonella enterocolitis upon S. typhimurium infection. The same is true for E. coli strains. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that exposure to fatty acids is sufficient to overcome colonization resistance. Mechanistic experiments identified fat-elicited bile-release as the underlying mechanism: Exposure to a high fat diet leads to increased bile acid secretion; S. typhimurium can tolerate 10-fold higher bile acid concentrations than commensal bacterial, leading to a growth advantage of S. typhimurium compared to competing bacteria (WD Hardt et al., unpublished data).
The aim of this study is to verify the results of this study in human healthy volunteers. The nutritional habits of all participants will be carefully evaluated. In the intervention phase, participants will be exposed to either high-fat or low-fat diet and a controlled dose of the non-pathogenic bacteria E. coli Nissle. E. coli Nissle is the active compound for "Mutaflor®" and other probiotics. E. coli Nissle has therapeutic effects for the treatment of chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases. In contrast to other non-pathogenic E. coli strains, it exhibits a specific pattern of fitness factors but lacks prominent virulence factors. In vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated both, protective effects against infection with intestinal pathogens as well as potent immunomodulatory properties. Growth of E. coli Nissle in the human gut resembles growth of S. typhimurium. Both bacteriae also share metabolic requirements for intestinal growth. Therefore, growth E. coli Nissle in the human intestine can be used as a marker for growth of E. coli strains, Salmonella typhimurium and related pathogens.
It is planned to enumerate E. coli Nissle counts in the stool after Mutaflor ingestion and to quantify other changes of the human microbiota. The hypothesize is that a high-fat diet, leading to increased bile acid secretion results in favorable growth conditions for E. coli Nissle, resulting in high bacterial counts in the stool.
The results of the study will help improving the understanding of the consequences of nutritional composition on the vulnerability of the human organism to bacterial infections. Such an improved understanding might enable designing preventive measures for the growth of unwanted E. coli strains (e.g. ESBL, pathogenic) or S. typhimurium infection and/ or a severe disease course and might ultimately help limiting antibiotic use and the evolution of antibiotic resistant pathogens.
- Conditions
- Escherichia Coli Infections
- Being tested
- "Mutaflor Suspension" (E. coli Nissle 1917), Blood samples, Stool samples, Clinical information
- Medical subject headings
- Escherichia coli Infections
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
"Mutaflor Suspension" (E. coli Nissle 1917)Drug
Also called Mutaflor Suspension
Inoculation of "Mutaflor Suspension" (E. coli Nissle 1917)
Blood samplesOther
Blood samples will be collected and analyzed at different study time points
Stool samplesOther
Stool samples will be collected and analyzed at different study time points
Clinical informationOther
Clinical information will be collected at different study time points using questionnaires
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| High-fat diet | Active comparator | Participants will follow a high-fat diet. During the intervention phase, they will inoculate "Mutaflor Suspension" (E. coli Nissle 1917) (Single dose, 5 ml = 5x10^8 CFU).
Blood samples, stool samples and clinical information will be collected during the study. Receives: Drug: "Mutaflor Suspension" (E. coli Nissle 1917); Other: Blood samples; Other: Stool samples; Other: Clinical information |
| Low-fat diet | Active comparator | Participants will follow a low-fat diet. During the intervention phase, they will inoculate "Mutaflor Suspension" (E. coli Nissle 1917) (Single dose, 5 ml = 5x10^8 CFU).
Blood samples, stool samples and clinical information will be collected during the study. Receives: Drug: "Mutaflor Suspension" (E. coli Nissle 1917); Other: Blood samples; Other: Stool samples; Other: Clinical information |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Maximum concentration of E. coli Nissle bacteriae in all stool samples of each participant
Each participant's fecal samples will be analyzed for E. coli Nissle bacteriae. Only the stool samples acquired in intervention phase 1 will be considered. For each participant, the maximum concentration of E. coli Nissle in all stool samples (assessed by qPCR) will be used for the calculation of the primary outcome.
Measured: 1, 2 and 5 days after E. coli Nissle inoculation
Comparison of E. coli Nissle concentration in feces between high-fat diet and low-fat diet
The concentration of E. coli Nissle bacteriae (CFU per g feces) in participants exposed to high-fat diet will be compared to the concentration of E. coli Nissle bacteriae in individuals exposed to low-fat diet (Mann-Whitney U test, a p-value <0.05 will be considered significant).
Measured: 1, 2 and 5 days after E. coli Nissle inoculation
Secondary outcomes (6)
Chemical composition of blood
For each participant's blood samples the chemical composition including bile acids, lipids, cholesterol and other compounds related to fat, cholesterol and bile acid metabolism will be determined (concentration, per μl blood). Samples at baseline, during intervention phase and the washout phase will be analyzed. For each compound the group exposed to low-fat diet and high-fat diet will be compared, respectively (intervention phase) or the group with the lowest and highest fat ingestion according to the nutritional protocol.
Measured: Week 1 - 8
Chemical composition of stool
For each participant's stool samples the chemical composition including bile acids, lipids, cholesterol and other compounds related to fat, cholesterol and bile acid metabolism will be determined (concentration, per g stool). Samples at baseline, during intervention phase and the washout phase will be analyzed. For each compound the group exposed to low-fat diet and high-fat diet will be compared, respectively (intervention phase) or the group with the lowest and highest fat ingestion according to the nutritional protocol.
Measured: Week 1 - 8
Microbiota composition: taxonomic composition
Same as 4, only the microbiota taxonomic composition in stool samples will be analyzed by ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Analysis will also include tests for microbiota diversity (i.e. number of bacteria species identified). Findings will be compared to changes occurring in the microbiota of participants in the other study group.
Measured: Week 1 - 8
Microbiota composition: metagenomic properties
Same as 4, only the metagenomic properties of the microbiota in stool samples will be analyzed by whole genome shotgun sequencing. Analyses will also test for metabolic pathways used by the microbiota. Microbiological and molecular biology methods will also be used to characterize bacteria strains associated with high-fat diet, low-fat diet and/ or changes in bile acid concentration.
Measured: Week 1 - 8
Microbiota composition: E. coli content
Same as 4, only the E. coli content of stool samples will be analyzed by sequencing and conventional plating techniques. This will quantify E. coli Nissle and also all endogenous E. coli strains present in the sample.
Measured: Week 1 - 8
Antibody response against E. coli Nissle
Antibody titers against E. coli Nissle will be determined by bacterial FACS or other appropriate techniques. Antibody titers at baseline, at 2 weeks and at 3 weeks will be determined. Individuals exposed to low-fat diet and high-fat diet will be compared. Measured variable: Antibody titers against E. coli Nissle and various E. coli strains.
Measured: 3 weeks after inoculation of E. coli Nissle
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted11 Jan 2019
- Study start24 Jan 2019 (estimated)
- Primary completion24 Sep 2019 (estimated)
- Study completion24 Sep 2019 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Escherichia Coli InfectionsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of ZurichThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Model description
- randomized controlled crossover clinical study
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Investigator
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Zurich
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Wolf-Dietrich Hardt, Prof. Dr., Principal investigator, ETH Zurich, Institute of Microbiology
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03800147
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- FAT Study
- Status last verified
- Jan 2019
- First submitted
- 13 Dec 2018
- Last updated
- 11 Jan 2019
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 11 Jan 2019. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Nutritional Fat on the Growth of Intestinal E. Coli
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03800147
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- FAT Study
- Conditions
- Escherichia Coli Infections
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- University of ZurichUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 24 Jan 2019 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 24 Sep 2019 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 24 Sep 2019 (estimated)
- First posted
- 11 Jan 2019 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Recent experiments in the lab of Prof. WD Hardt revealed, that in mice, 24 h exposure to a high-fat diet results in a breakdown of colonization resistance against Salmonella typhimurium. Mechanistic experiments identified bile acids as the mediator for reduced colonization resistance. Exposure to a high fat diet leads to increased bile acid secretion which in turn modify the intestinal microbiota.
It is now the aim to verify the results of this study in human healthy volunteers. The nutritional habits of all participants will carefully be evaluated. In the intervention phase, participants will be exposed to either high-fat or low-fat diet and a controlled dose of the non-pathogenic bacteria E. coli Nissle. E. coli Nissle is the active compound for "Mutaflor®" and other probiotics.
It is planned to enumerate E. coli Nissle counts in the stool after Mutaflor ingestion and to quantify other changes of the human microbiota. The hypothesis is that a high-fat diet leads to increased bile acid secretion results in favorable growth conditions for E. coli Nissle, resulting in high bacterial counts in the stool.
Detailed description
Infectious diarrhea causes substantial morbidity in Western countries and the developing world and leads to the use of considerable health resources. Antibiotic resistance continues to increase, potentially leading to a decrease in therapeutic options in the future. Important pathogens include Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) and pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) which are genetically closely related.
The human intestine has considerable colonization resistance against bacterial pathogens. This resistance is largely mediated by the gut microbiota. Therefore, previous exposure to antibiotics or immunosuppression leading to a breakdown of the intestinal defense systems increase the risk for subsequent infection with S. typhimurium.
The composition of the human microbiome undergoes dramatic changes upon exposure to various factors including nutrition, physical activity, drugs and much more. Most studies focused on long-term exposure to various factors; however, since bacterial growth is rapid (doubling time of S. typhimurium under optimal conditions = 20min), even short-term variations in the environment could dramatically influence the human microbiota.
In the lab of Prof. WD Hardt, a mouse model of S. typhimurium enterocolitis has been established. Since most mouse strains are resistant against colonization with S. typhimurium, pretreatment with antibiotics is a requirement for induction of S. typhimurium enterolitis. However, recent experiments in the Hardt lab revealed, that in mice, 24 h exposure to a high-fat diet also results in a breakdown of colonization resistance, leading to Salmonella enterocolitis upon S. typhimurium infection. The same is true for E. coli strains. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that exposure to fatty acids is sufficient to overcome colonization resistance. Mechanistic experiments identified fat-elicited bile-release as the underlying mechanism: Exposure to a high fat diet leads to increased bile acid secretion; S. typhimurium can tolerate 10-fold higher bile acid concentrations than commensal bacterial, leading to a growth advantage of S. typhimurium compared to competing bacteria (WD Hardt et al., unpublished data).
The aim of this study is to verify the results of this study in human healthy volunteers. The nutritional habits of all participants will be carefully evaluated. In the intervention phase, participants will be exposed to either high-fat or low-fat diet and a controlled dose of the non-pathogenic bacteria E. coli Nissle. E. coli Nissle is the active compound for "Mutaflor®" and other probiotics. E. coli Nissle has therapeutic effects for the treatment of chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases. In contrast to other non-pathogenic E. coli strains, it exhibits a specific pattern of fitness factors but lacks prominent virulence factors. In vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated both, protective effects against infection with intestinal pathogens as well as potent immunomodulatory properties. Growth of E. coli Nissle in the human gut resembles growth of S. typhimurium. Both bacteriae also share metabolic requirements for intestinal growth. Therefore, growth E. coli Nissle in the human intestine can be used as a marker for growth of E. coli strains, Salmonella typhimurium and related pathogens.
It is planned to enumerate E. coli Nissle counts in the stool after Mutaflor ingestion and to quantify other changes of the human microbiota. The hypothesize is that a high-fat diet, leading to increased bile acid secretion results in favorable growth conditions for E. coli Nissle, resulting in high bacterial counts in the stool.
The results of the study will help improving the understanding of the consequences of nutritional composition on the vulnerability of the human organism to bacterial infections. Such an improved understanding might enable designing preventive measures for the growth of unwanted E. coli strains (e.g. ESBL, pathogenic) or S. typhimurium infection and/ or a severe disease course and might ultimately help limiting antibiotic use and the evolution of antibiotic resistant pathogens.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Single blind (investigator)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- randomized controlled crossover clinical study
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| High-fat diet | Active comparator | Drug: "Mutaflor Suspension" (E. coli Nissle 1917), Other: Blood samples, Other: Stool samples, Other: Clinical informationParticipants will follow a high-fat diet. During the intervention phase, they will inoculate "Mutaflor Suspension" (E. coli Nissle 1917) (Single dose, 5 ml = 5x10^8 CFU). Blood samples, stool samples and clinical information will be collected during the study. |
| Low-fat diet | Active comparator | Drug: "Mutaflor Suspension" (E. coli Nissle 1917), Other: Blood samples, Other: Stool samples, Other: Clinical informationParticipants will follow a low-fat diet. During the intervention phase, they will inoculate "Mutaflor Suspension" (E. coli Nissle 1917) (Single dose, 5 ml = 5x10^8 CFU). Blood samples, stool samples and clinical information will be collected during the study. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 85 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Individuals free of abdominal complaints or symptoms
- Written informed consent
- Age 18 - 85 years
- Working at ETH Zurich or University of Zurich and trained and experienced in handling -80°C freezers at biosafety level 2.
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Previous history of gastrointestinal disease or surgery (excludes appendectomy, hernia repair and surgery for anorectal disorders)
- Known diabetes mellitus, scleroderma, neurological impairment or other major diseases requiring ongoing management
- Immunesuppression
- Subjects with antibiotic therapy, proton pump inhibitors or laxatives within the last four weeks
- Pregnancy beyond week 12. "Mutaflor" intake is safe during pregnancy; however, special regulations are required to gain access to the -80°C freezers. No pregnancy test will be performed.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| "Mutaflor Suspension" (E. coli Nissle 1917)Also: Mutaflor SuspensionInoculation of "Mutaflor Suspension" (E. coli Nissle 1917) | Drug | High-fat diet, Low-fat diet |
| Blood samplesBlood samples will be collected and analyzed at different study time points | Other | High-fat diet, Low-fat diet |
| Stool samplesStool samples will be collected and analyzed at different study time points | Other | High-fat diet, Low-fat diet |
| Clinical informationClinical information will be collected at different study time points using questionnaires | Other | High-fat diet, Low-fat diet |
Primary outcome
Maximum concentration of E. coli Nissle bacteriae in all stool samples of each participant
Time frame: 1, 2 and 5 days after E. coli Nissle inoculation
Each participant's fecal samples will be analyzed for E. coli Nissle bacteriae. Only the stool samples acquired in intervention phase 1 will be considered. For each participant, the maximum concentration of E. coli Nissle in all stool samples (assessed by qPCR) will be used for the calculation of the primary outcome.
Comparison of E. coli Nissle concentration in feces between high-fat diet and low-fat diet
Time frame: 1, 2 and 5 days after E. coli Nissle inoculation
The concentration of E. coli Nissle bacteriae (CFU per g feces) in participants exposed to high-fat diet will be compared to the concentration of E. coli Nissle bacteriae in individuals exposed to low-fat diet (Mann-Whitney U test, a p-value <0.05 will be considered significant).
6 secondary outcomes
Chemical composition of blood
Time frame: Week 1 - 8
Chemical composition of stool
Time frame: Week 1 - 8
Microbiota composition: taxonomic composition
Time frame: Week 1 - 8
Microbiota composition: metagenomic properties
Time frame: Week 1 - 8
Microbiota composition: E. coli content
Time frame: Week 1 - 8
Antibody response against E. coli Nissle
Time frame: 3 weeks after inoculation of E. coli Nissle
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 11 Jan 2019.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Wolf-Dietrich Hardt, Prof. Dr. principal investigator
ETH Zurich, Institute of Microbiology
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing "Mutaflor Suspension" (E. coli Nissle 1917), Blood samples and Stool samples in people with Escherichia Coli Infections, run by University of Zurich at 1 site in Switzerland.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 11 Jan 2019. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Switzerland. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Benjamin Misselwitz, MD (+41 44 255 1111, benjamin.misselwitz@usz.ch), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Maximum concentration of E. coli Nissle bacteriae in all stool samples of each participant (time frame: 1, 2 and 5 days after E. coli Nissle inoculation). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 11 Jan 2019; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 7 Nov 2026.