KeratoconusNCT03760770
Riboflavin at 4ºC for the Management of Pain After Crosslinking for Keratoconus Patients
A study testing corneal collagen crosslinking in people with Keratoconus and Crosslinking, run by Instituto de Oftalmología Fundación Conde de Valenciana at 1 site in Mexico.
Trial summary
Background: The objective of corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) is to increase the binding of intrafibrillary and interfibrillary covalent bonds to improve the mechanical stability of the cornea and thus to stop the progression of corneal ectasias. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Keratoconus, Crosslinking
- What is being tested?
- corneal collagen crosslinking
- Type of treatment
- Surgery or procedure
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 90 participants
- Where
- 1 siteMexico
- Study dates
- 1 Feb 2018to 1 Feb 2019
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- patients of any gender
- older than 18 years
- diagnosis of keratoconus who require management with crosslinking in both eyes for evidence of progression.
Who cannot join
- crosslinking without removal of epithelium or unilateral crosslinking.
- patients with other ocular conditions different from keratoconus.
- cognitive disability that limits the compression of the pain test as Down syndrome, etc.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Mexico1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Instituto de oftalmología conde de Valenciana
Mexico City, 06800
Enrique Graue Hernandez, MD MSc, +52 5554421700 ext. 3710, egraueh@gmail.com
Laura Toro, MD, +52 5554421700 ext. 3710, lauratorog@hotmail.com
About this study
Background: The objective of corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) is to increase the binding of intrafibrillary and interfibrillary covalent bonds to improve the mechanical stability of the cornea and thus to stop the progression of corneal ectasias. Although the vast majority of studies have described pain after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), the pathophysiological principle of pain is similar in CXL. From the anatomical point of view, the corneal epithelium is the most densely innervated and sensitive surface of the body, being 300-600 times greater than in the skin. The pain after CXL comes from several routes, the process begins with the epithelial rupture that generates exposure of the nerve endings, induces apoptosis and necrosis of the epithelial cells. Subsequently an inflammatory cascade is initiated in which the different cytokines stimulate the nerve terminals. Inflammatory mediators also activate the ion channels in the nerve membrane, and this process continues until the epithelium heals. Additionally, exposure to UVA rays can also cause nerve damage. The effect of local cold for pain management has already been reported in PRK. By cooling the cornea, the release of chemical mediators and inflammation can be reduced. In the CXL radiation is transformed into several forms of energy: fluorescent radiation, chemical energy and, to a small extent, heat. The CXL process is energetically comparable to photosynthesis, in which the radiation energy is transformed into chemical energy (glucose) with the help of pigments (chlorophyll). The thermal effect is negligible in the photochemical method of CXL. Justification: No method for the control of pain after crosslinking is considered ideal or universally accepted, the importance of this study lies in looking for an additional tool to reduce the most common postoperative complaint in a highly performed procedure worldwide. Hypothesis: The application of riboflavin at 4oC reduces the pain assessment after the CXL. Purpose: to evaluate the effect of the application of riboflavin at 4oC in the assessment of postoperative pain in patients undergoing CXL. Materials and methods: Prospective and interventional clinical study in patients older than 18 years with a diagnosis of keratoconus who underwent CXL, in the cornea and refractive surgery service of the Ophthalmology institute Fundación Conde de Valenciana.
- Conditions
- Keratoconus, Crosslinking
- Being tested
- corneal collagen crosslinking
- Keywords
- Crosslinking, Keratoconus, Cold, Pain
- Medical subject headings
- Keratoconus, Common Cold, Pain
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
corneal collagen crosslinkingProcedure or surgery
Also called No Cold riboflavin (Riboflavin at room temperature), Cold riboflavin (Riboflavin at 4ºC)
Crosslinking in patients with progressive keratoconus.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Riboflavin at 4ºC | Experimental | patients treated with Riboflavin at 4ºC in crosslinking (cases). Receives: Procedure: corneal collagen crosslinking |
| Riboflavin at room temperature | Experimental | patients treated with Riboflavin at room temperature in crosslinking (controls) Receives: Procedure: corneal collagen crosslinking |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change pain perception in patients undergoing crosslinking with riboflavin at 4ºC
A previously validated numerical pain scale questionnaire was applied. Patients are asked to indicate their pain intensity on a scale of 0 to 10, explaining that 0 does not represent pain at all and 10 is a severe and disabling pain.
Measured: 2 postoperative hours and from day 1 to 5 postoperative.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted30 Nov 2018
- Study start1 Feb 2018
- Primary completion1 Feb 2019 (estimated)
- Study completion1 Feb 2019 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (17)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for KeratoconusStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator
- Enrolment
- 90 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Instituto de Oftalmología Fundación Conde de Valenciana
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03760770
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- CEI-2018/10/01
- Status last verified
- Nov 2018
- First submitted
- 28 Nov 2018
- Last updated
- 30 Nov 2018
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Spadea L, Salvatore S, Paroli MP, Vingolo EM. Recovery of corneal sensitivity after collagen crosslinking with and without epithelial debridement in eyes with keratoconus. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2015 Mar;41(3):527-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2014.06.030. Epub 2015 Jan 30.
PubMed 25648281Mencucci R, Mazzotta C, Rossi F, Ponchietti C, Pini R, Baiocchi S, Caporossi A, Menchini U. Riboflavin and ultraviolet A collagen crosslinking: in vivo thermographic analysis of the corneal surface. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2007 Jun;33(6):1005-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2007.03.021.
PubMed 17531694Garcia R, de Andrade DC, Teixeira MJ, Nozaki SS, Bechara SJ. Mechanisms of Corneal Pain and Implications for Postoperative Pain After Laser Correction of Refractive Errors. Clin J Pain. 2016 May;32(5):450-8. doi: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000000271.
PubMed 27504514Woreta FA, Gupta A, Hochstetler B, Bower KS. Management of post-photorefractive keratectomy pain. Surv Ophthalmol. 2013 Nov-Dec;58(6):529-35. doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2012.11.004.
PubMed 24160728Xia Y, Chai X, Zhou C, Ren Q. Corneal nerve morphology and sensitivity changes after ultraviolet A/riboflavin treatment. Exp Eye Res. 2011 Oct;93(4):541-7. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2011.06.021. Epub 2011 Jul 13.
PubMed 21763309Kitazawa Y, Maekawa E, Sasaki S, Tokoro T, Mochizuki M, Ito S. Cooling effect on excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1999 Oct;25(10):1349-55. doi: 10.1016/s0886-3350(99)00207-2.
PubMed 10511934Raiskup F, Spoerl E. Corneal crosslinking with riboflavin and ultraviolet A. I. Principles. Ocul Surf. 2013 Apr;11(2):65-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jtos.2013.01.002. Epub 2013 Jan 24.
PubMed 23583042Sharif R, Bak-Nielsen S, Hjortdal J, Karamichos D. Pathogenesis of Keratoconus: The intriguing therapeutic potential of Prolactin-inducible protein. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2018 Nov;67:150-167. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.05.002. Epub 2018 Jul 13.
PubMed 29758268Galvis V, Tello A, Carreno NI, Berrospi RD, Nino CA. Risk Factors for Keratoconus: Atopy and Eye Rubbing. Cornea. 2017 Jan;36(1):e1. doi: 10.1097/ICO.0000000000001052. No abstract available.
PubMed 27755195Godefrooij DA, de Wit GA, Uiterwaal CS, Imhof SM, Wisse RP. Age-specific Incidence and Prevalence of Keratoconus: A Nationwide Registration Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2017 Mar;175:169-172. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2016.12.015. Epub 2016 Dec 28.
PubMed 28039037Ghanem VC, Ghanem RC, de Oliveira R. Postoperative pain after corneal collagen cross-linking. Cornea. 2013 Jan;32(1):20-4. doi: 10.1097/ICO.0b013e31824d6fe3.
PubMed 22547128Wollensak G, Spoerl E, Seiler T. Riboflavin/ultraviolet-a-induced collagen crosslinking for the treatment of keratoconus. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003 May;135(5):620-7. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(02)02220-1.
PubMed 12719068Peyman A, Nouralishahi A, Hafezi F, Kling S, Peyman M. Stromal Demarcation Line in Pulsed Versus Continuous Light Accelerated Corneal Cross-linking for Keratoconus. J Refract Surg. 2016 Mar;32(3):206-8. doi: 10.3928/1081597X-20160204-03.
PubMed 27027629Kymes SM, Walline JJ, Zadnik K, Sterling J, Gordon MO; Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Keratoconus Study Group. Changes in the quality-of-life of people with keratoconus. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008 Apr;145(4):611-617. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2007.11.017. Epub 2008 Jan 28.
PubMed 18226798Lichtinger A, Purcell TL, Schanzlin DJ, Chayet AS. Gabapentin for postoperative pain after photorefractive keratectomy: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Refract Surg. 2011 Aug;27(8):613-7. doi: 10.3928/1081597X-20110210-01. Epub 2011 Feb 28.
PubMed 21366172
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 30 Nov 2018. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Riboflavin at 4ºC for the Management of Pain After Crosslinking for Keratoconus Patients
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03760770
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- CEI-2018/10/01
- Conditions
- Keratoconus, Crosslinking
- Keywords
- Crosslinking, Keratoconus, Cold, Pain
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 90 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Instituto de Oftalmología Fundación Conde de ValencianaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Feb 2018 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Feb 2019 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 1 Feb 2019 (estimated)
- First posted
- 30 Nov 2018 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Background: The objective of corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) is to increase the binding of intrafibrillary and interfibrillary covalent bonds to improve the mechanical stability of the cornea and thus to stop the progression of corneal ectasias. Although the vast majority of studies have described pain after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), the pathophysiological principle of pain is similar in CXL. From the anatomical point of view, the corneal epithelium is the most densely innervated and sensitive surface of the body, being 300-600 times greater than in the skin. The pain after CXL comes from several routes, the process begins with the epithelial rupture that generates exposure of the nerve endings, induces apoptosis and necrosis of the epithelial cells. Subsequently an inflammatory cascade is initiated in which the different cytokines stimulate the nerve terminals. Inflammatory mediators also activate the ion channels in the nerve membrane, and this process continues until the epithelium heals. Additionally, exposure to UVA rays can also cause nerve damage. The effect of local cold for pain management has already been reported in PRK. By cooling the cornea, the release of chemical mediators and inflammation can be reduced. In the CXL radiation is transformed into several forms of energy: fluorescent radiation, chemical energy and, to a small extent, heat. The CXL process is energetically comparable to photosynthesis, in which the radiation energy is transformed into chemical energy (glucose) with the help of pigments (chlorophyll). The thermal effect is negligible in the photochemical method of CXL. Justification: No method for the control of pain after crosslinking is considered ideal or universally accepted, the importance of this study lies in looking for an additional tool to reduce the most common postoperative complaint in a highly performed procedure worldwide. Hypothesis: The application of riboflavin at 4oC reduces the pain assessment after the CXL. Purpose: to evaluate the effect of the application of riboflavin at 4oC in the assessment of postoperative pain in patients undergoing CXL. Materials and methods: Prospective and interventional clinical study in patients older than 18 years with a diagnosis of keratoconus who underwent CXL, in the cornea and refractive surgery service of the Ophthalmology institute Fundación Conde de Valenciana.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, investigator)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Riboflavin at 4ºC | Experimental | Procedure: corneal collagen crosslinkingpatients treated with Riboflavin at 4ºC in crosslinking (cases). |
| Riboflavin at room temperature | Experimental | Procedure: corneal collagen crosslinkingpatients treated with Riboflavin at room temperature in crosslinking (controls) |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- patients of any gender
- older than 18 years
- diagnosis of keratoconus who require management with crosslinking in both eyes for evidence of progression.
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- crosslinking without removal of epithelium or unilateral crosslinking.
- patients with other ocular conditions different from keratoconus.
- cognitive disability that limits the compression of the pain test as Down syndrome, etc.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| corneal collagen crosslinkingAlso: No Cold riboflavin (Riboflavin at room temperature), Cold riboflavin (Riboflavin at 4ºC)Crosslinking in patients with progressive keratoconus. | Procedure or surgery | Riboflavin at 4ºC, Riboflavin at room temperature |
Primary outcome
Change pain perception in patients undergoing crosslinking with riboflavin at 4ºC
Time frame: 2 postoperative hours and from day 1 to 5 postoperative.
A previously validated numerical pain scale questionnaire was applied. Patients are asked to indicate their pain intensity on a scale of 0 to 10, explaining that 0 does not represent pain at all and 10 is a severe and disabling pain.
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 30 Nov 2018.
- Results publication: PubMed 25648281Spadea L, Salvatore S, Paroli MP, Vingolo EM. Recovery of corneal sensitivity after collagen crosslinking with and without epithelial debridement in eyes with keratoconus. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2015 Mar;41(3):527-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2014.06.030. Epub 2015 Jan 30.
- Results publication: PubMed 17531694Mencucci R, Mazzotta C, Rossi F, Ponchietti C, Pini R, Baiocchi S, Caporossi A, Menchini U. Riboflavin and ultraviolet A collagen crosslinking: in vivo thermographic analysis of the corneal surface. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2007 Jun;33(6):1005-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2007.03.021.
- Results publication: PubMed 27504514Garcia R, de Andrade DC, Teixeira MJ, Nozaki SS, Bechara SJ. Mechanisms of Corneal Pain and Implications for Postoperative Pain After Laser Correction of Refractive Errors. Clin J Pain. 2016 May;32(5):450-8. doi: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000000271.
- Results publication: PubMed 24160728Woreta FA, Gupta A, Hochstetler B, Bower KS. Management of post-photorefractive keratectomy pain. Surv Ophthalmol. 2013 Nov-Dec;58(6):529-35. doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2012.11.004.
- Results publication: PubMed 21763309Xia Y, Chai X, Zhou C, Ren Q. Corneal nerve morphology and sensitivity changes after ultraviolet A/riboflavin treatment. Exp Eye Res. 2011 Oct;93(4):541-7. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2011.06.021. Epub 2011 Jul 13.
- Results publication: PubMed 10511934Kitazawa Y, Maekawa E, Sasaki S, Tokoro T, Mochizuki M, Ito S. Cooling effect on excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1999 Oct;25(10):1349-55. doi: 10.1016/s0886-3350(99)00207-2.
- Results publication: PubMed 23583042Raiskup F, Spoerl E. Corneal crosslinking with riboflavin and ultraviolet A. I. Principles. Ocul Surf. 2013 Apr;11(2):65-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jtos.2013.01.002. Epub 2013 Jan 24.
- Results publication: PubMed 29758268Sharif R, Bak-Nielsen S, Hjortdal J, Karamichos D. Pathogenesis of Keratoconus: The intriguing therapeutic potential of Prolactin-inducible protein. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2018 Nov;67:150-167. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.05.002. Epub 2018 Jul 13.
- Results publication: PubMed 27755195Galvis V, Tello A, Carreno NI, Berrospi RD, Nino CA. Risk Factors for Keratoconus: Atopy and Eye Rubbing. Cornea. 2017 Jan;36(1):e1. doi: 10.1097/ICO.0000000000001052. No abstract available.
- Results publication: PubMed 28039037Godefrooij DA, de Wit GA, Uiterwaal CS, Imhof SM, Wisse RP. Age-specific Incidence and Prevalence of Keratoconus: A Nationwide Registration Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2017 Mar;175:169-172. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2016.12.015. Epub 2016 Dec 28.
- Results publication: PubMed 22547128Ghanem VC, Ghanem RC, de Oliveira R. Postoperative pain after corneal collagen cross-linking. Cornea. 2013 Jan;32(1):20-4. doi: 10.1097/ICO.0b013e31824d6fe3.
- Results publication: PubMed 12719068Wollensak G, Spoerl E, Seiler T. Riboflavin/ultraviolet-a-induced collagen crosslinking for the treatment of keratoconus. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003 May;135(5):620-7. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(02)02220-1.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing corneal collagen crosslinking in people with Keratoconus and Crosslinking, run by Instituto de Oftalmología Fundación Conde de Valenciana at 1 site in Mexico.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 30 Nov 2018. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Mexico. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact laura Toro, MD (+52154421700 ext. 3710, lauratorog@hotmail.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change pain perception in patients undergoing crosslinking with riboflavin at 4ºC (time frame: 2 postoperative hours and from day 1 to 5 postoperative.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03760770, which also lists 17 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 30 Nov 2018.