Colorectal CancerNBIBLINCT03748667
Accuracy for Predicting Deep Submucosal Invasion
An observational study of Colorectal Cancer and Colorectal Polyp, run by Althaia Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa at 14 sites in 3 countries.
Trial summary
The main aim of this study is to determine whether the assessment of the invasive pattern based on NBI with dual focus/magnification or BLI with magnification ± chromoendoscopy (NBI+CE) for predicting deep invasion is significantly more accurate than the assessment based on white light endoscopy (WLE), carried out by… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Colorectal Cancer, Colorectal Polyp
- What is being tested?
- White light endoscopy (WLE) and NBI/BLI +/- chromoendoscopy (NBIBLI +/- CE)
- How many people
- 426 participants
- Where
- 14 sitesin 3 countries
- Study dates
- 1 Dec 2018to 30 Oct 2022
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: Consecutive patients > 18 years old who undergo a colonoscopy for any reason
Who may be able to join
- Non-pedunculated type 0 lesions in Paris classification (not obvious cancers)
- Lesions larger than 10 mm
Who cannot join
- Lesions assessed as JNET 1 by the endoscopist or serrated by the pathologist
- Previous biopsy or resection attempt
- Previous CT, MR or USE
- Unavailable histology
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Informed consent not obtained
- Protocol violation
Trial locations and contacts
14 sites in 3 countries.
14 sites in 3 countries
Spain11 sites
Hospital Comarcal de Alcañiz
Alcañiz, Teruel, 44600
Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (Can Ruti)
Badalona, Catalonia, 08916
Hospital Clínic de Barcelona
Barcelona, Catalonia, 08036
Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)
Barcelona, Catalonia, 08036
Centro Médico Teknon
Barcelona, 08022
Hospital Clinico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca
El Palmar, Murcia, 30120
Hospital Ramón y Cajal
Madrid, 28034
Hospital 12 de Octubre
Madrid, 28041
Althaia. Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa
Manresa, Catalonia, 08243
Hospital Universitario y Politécnico de La Fe
Valencia, Valencia, 46009
Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa
Zaragoza, Aragon, 50009
United States2 sites
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center. University of California
San Francisco, California, 94121
About this study
Official title: Diagnostic Accuracy of Deep Submucosal Invasion: White Light Endoscopy vs Invasive Pattern Based on NBI/BLI ± Chromoendoscopy
The main aim of this study is to determine whether the assessment of the invasive pattern based on NBI with dual focus/magnification or BLI with magnification ± chromoendoscopy (NBI+CE) for predicting deep invasion is significantly more accurate than the assessment based on white light endoscopy (WLE), carried out by trained endoscopists.
Read the detailed description
A video with the lesion assessment, without any data on the patient, will be recorded in a device connected to the processor provided by the Principal Investigator. The name of the file will be the record ID. All the lesions will be tested by the same endoscopist in vivo and an assistant will fulfill the data collection sheet during the colonoscopy.
First, the lesions will be cleaned and observed in a stable position. Size, location, morphology, demarcated areas, and gross morphological malignant features will be evaluated. Based on these WLE characteristics, a deep invasion prediction will be performed (control test). Second, the lesion will be assessed using NBI with near focus or magnification or BLI with magnification. A second cleaning with pronase (or N-acetylcysteine if pronase is not available) if the surface cannot be clearly observed because of the presence of mucus or if crystal violet is going to be used. Crystal violet 0.05% will be used in case of polyps type 2B in the JNET classification or lesions with a demarcated area. A non-traumatic catheter (or spray catheter) will be used to spray the crystal violet over the lesion. A final prediction of deep invasion will be performed for NBI or BLI ± CE (test evaluated).
The use of a cap to observe the bottom of the lesion, fix the lesion close to the endoscope or to observe the lesion underwater immersion is strongly recommended.
The resection technique will be decided upon according to the local experience. In case of endoscopy resection (cold snare, EMR, ESD, full thickness), lesions will be removed via the anus (not through the endoscopy channel) in order to preserve their integrity. Although EMR is performed, if possible, lesions will be referred to the pathologist well oriented and pinned out on a cork based, as is standard procedure in ESD.
In order to ensure that endoscopic assessment is performed before the histology evaluation, both diagnostic assessments (control test and test evaluated) will be recorded on the REDCap database on the day of the colonoscopy. REDCap records the time and date of all changes in the variables' results. The remaining variables (demographic data, etc.) will be recorded on the data collection sheet and copied later into REDCap.
Videos of the lesion assessments will be sent to the Principal Investigator. Centralized visualization will be conducted to detect protocol violations and to exclude lesions from the study.
A blinded histology assessment will be conducted by the local pathologist and if a carcinoma with submucosal invasion is diagnosed, histology slides will be referred for an additional blinded and centralized histology evaluation at the end of the study.
Pathologists participating in the histological phase will assess all the slides with submucosal invasion and will collect the histological factors associated with lymph node metastasis.
Finally, investigators participating in the translational phase will refer paraffin blocks of 10 lesions of each JNET category (2A, 2B and 3) for genetic tests (sequencing of a panel of 45 genes and analysis of alterations in the number of copies of the genome).
- Conditions
- Colorectal Cancer, Colorectal Polyp
- Being tested
- White light endoscopy (WLE), NBI/BLI +/- chromoendoscopy (NBIBLI +/- CE)
- Keywords
- Endoscopy, Colonoscopy, Invasive pattern, Polypectomy, NBI, BLI, Deep submucosal invasion, JNET, Kudo pit pattern
- Medical subject headings
- Colorectal Neoplasms
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
White light endoscopy (WLE)Diagnostic test
Subjective endoscopic assessment of deep submucosal invasion based on the presence of gross morphological malignant features, morphology and size.
NBI/BLI +/- chromoendoscopy (NBIBLI +/- CE)Diagnostic test
Endoscopic assessment of deep submucosal invasion with NBI and dual focus/magnification or BLI and magnification. In the case of demarcated areas or JNET 2B, Kudo pit pattern assessment with crystal violet will be performed.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Patients with colorectal polyps | Patients with non-pedunculated type 0 lesions in Paris classification (not obvious cancers) larger than 10 mm Receives: Diagnostic Test: White light endoscopy (WLE); Diagnostic Test: NBI/BLI +/- chromoendoscopy (NBIBLI +/- CE) |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
The presence or absence of deep invasion according to the control test (WLE)
Deep invasion will subjectively be diagnosed based on the presence of gross morphological malignant features, morphology and size. No single malignant feature, specific morphology or size is required. The importance given to each criterion and the final diagnosis of deep invasion is based on the personal experience of the endoscopist.
Measured: One day
The presence or absence of deep invasion according to the test evaluated (NBI/BLI +/- CE)
Deep invasion will be diagnosed in case of:
- JNET type 3 or
- JNET 2B + Kudo Vn pit pattern or
- JNET 2B and Kudo Vi pit pattern fulfilling all the following criteria: severe Kudo Vi pit pattern + presence of a demarcated area + size (demarcated area) >6 mm for PG or 3 mm for NPG.
Measured: One day
The presence or absence of deep invasion according to the gold standard (histology)
Deep invasion will be diagnosed if sm invasion ≥1000 μm is measured according to the Japanese guidelines by the central pathologists.
Measured: One day
Secondary outcomes (2)
Presence of any genetic mutations
Sequencing of a panel of colorectal cancer genes: the 45 genes will be sequenced frequently mutated in colorectal cancer, through the protocols established in the center Executor: APC, TP53, FBXW7, SOX9, ATM, SMAD4, KRAS, PIK3CA, AMER1, FAT4, ARID1A, BRAF, NRAS, CTNNB1, TCF7L2, ERBB2, MET, EGFR, HRAS, SETD2, DLC1, CDKN2A, PTEN, ARID2, FAT1, POLE, POLD1, NOTCH1, BRCA2, LRP1B, KMT2C, KMT2D, DAPK1, CSMD1, MUC16, ADAMTS15, SYNE1, PCLO, ZFHX4, RYR3, RYR2, RELN, IRS2, GNAS, DMBT1.
Measured: one day
Number of genome copies using SNP-arrays
Number of copies using SNP-arrays.
Measured: one day
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted21 Nov 2018
- Study start1 Dec 2018
- Primary completion28 Sep 2022
- Study completion30 Oct 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (4)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Colorectal CancerStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 426 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Althaia Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Hospital Universitario La Fe, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, National Cancer Center, Japan, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Hospital Comarcal de Alcañiz, Centro Medico Teknon
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Ignasi Puig, Althaia Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa
- Investigators
- Ignasi Puig, MD, PhD, Principal investigator, Althaia Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03748667
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- CEIC 18/53
- Acronym
- NBIBLI
- Status last verified
- Sep 2023
- First submitted
- 13 Nov 2018
- Last updated
- 21 Sep 2023
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Backes Y, Moss A, Reitsma JB, Siersema PD, Moons LM. Narrow Band Imaging, Magnifying Chromoendoscopy, and Gross Morphological Features for the Optical Diagnosis of T1 Colorectal Cancer and Deep Submucosal Invasion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017 Jan;112(1):54-64. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2016.403. Epub 2016 Sep 20.
PubMed 27644737Hayashi N, Tanaka S, Hewett DG, Kaltenbach TR, Sano Y, Ponchon T, Saunders BP, Rex DK, Soetikno RM. Endoscopic prediction of deep submucosal invasive carcinoma: validation of the narrow-band imaging international colorectal endoscopic (NICE) classification. Gastrointest Endosc. 2013 Oct;78(4):625-32. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2013.04.185. Epub 2013 Jul 30.
PubMed 23910062Sano Y, Tanaka S, Kudo SE, Saito S, Matsuda T, Wada Y, Fujii T, Ikematsu H, Uraoka T, Kobayashi N, Nakamura H, Hotta K, Horimatsu T, Sakamoto N, Fu KI, Tsuruta O, Kawano H, Kashida H, Takeuchi Y, Machida H, Kusaka T, Yoshida N, Hirata I, Terai T, Yamano HO, Kaneko K, Nakajima T, Sakamoto T, Yamaguchi Y, Tamai N, Nakano N, Hayashi N, Oka S, Iwatate M, Ishikawa H, Murakami Y, Yoshida S, Saito Y. Narrow-band imaging (NBI) magnifying endoscopic classification of colorectal tumors proposed by the Japan NBI Expert Team. Dig Endosc. 2016 Jul;28(5):526-33. doi: 10.1111/den.12644. Epub 2016 Apr 20.
PubMed 26927367Puig I, Lopez-Ceron M, Arnau A, Rosinol O, Cuatrecasas M, Herreros-de-Tejada A, Ferrandez A, Serra-Burriel M, Nogales O, Vida F, de Castro L, Lopez-Vicente J, Vega P, Alvarez-Gonzalez MA, Gonzalez-Santiago J, Hernandez-Conde M, Diez-Redondo P, Rivero-Sanchez L, Gimeno-Garcia AZ, Burgos A, Garcia-Alonso FJ, Bustamante-Balen M, Martinez-Bauer E, Penas B, Pellise M; EndoCAR group, Spanish Gastroenterological Association and the Spanish Digestive Endoscopy Society. Accuracy of the Narrow-Band Imaging International Colorectal Endoscopic Classification System in Identification of Deep Invasion in Colorectal Polyps. Gastroenterology. 2019 Jan;156(1):75-87. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.10.004. Epub 2018 Oct 6.
PubMed 30296432
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 21 Sep 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Diagnostic Accuracy of Deep Submucosal Invasion: White Light Endoscopy vs Invasive Pattern Based on NBI/BLI ± Chromoendoscopy
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03748667
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- NBIBLI / CEIC 18/53
- Conditions
- Colorectal Cancer, Colorectal Polyp
- Keywords
- Endoscopy, Colonoscopy, Invasive pattern, Polypectomy, NBI, BLI, Deep submucosal invasion, JNET
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 426 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Althaia Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de ManresaUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Hospital Universitario La Fe, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, National Cancer Center, Japan, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Hospital Comarcal de Alcañiz, Centro Medico Teknon
- Study start
- 1 Dec 2018 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 28 Sep 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Oct 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 21 Nov 2018 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The main aim of this study is to determine whether the assessment of the invasive pattern based on NBI with dual focus/magnification or BLI with magnification ± chromoendoscopy (NBI+CE) for predicting deep invasion is significantly more accurate than the assessment based on white light endoscopy (WLE), carried out by trained endoscopists.
Detailed description
A video with the lesion assessment, without any data on the patient, will be recorded in a device connected to the processor provided by the Principal Investigator. The name of the file will be the record ID. All the lesions will be tested by the same endoscopist in vivo and an assistant will fulfill the data collection sheet during the colonoscopy.
First, the lesions will be cleaned and observed in a stable position. Size, location, morphology, demarcated areas, and gross morphological malignant features will be evaluated. Based on these WLE characteristics, a deep invasion prediction will be performed (control test). Second, the lesion will be assessed using NBI with near focus or magnification or BLI with magnification. A second cleaning with pronase (or N-acetylcysteine if pronase is not available) if the surface cannot be clearly observed because of the presence of mucus or if crystal violet is going to be used. Crystal violet 0.05% will be used in case of polyps type 2B in the JNET classification or lesions with a demarcated area. A non-traumatic catheter (or spray catheter) will be used to spray the crystal violet over the lesion. A final prediction of deep invasion will be performed for NBI or BLI ± CE (test evaluated).
The use of a cap to observe the bottom of the lesion, fix the lesion close to the endoscope or to observe the lesion underwater immersion is strongly recommended.
The resection technique will be decided upon according to the local experience. In case of endoscopy resection (cold snare, EMR, ESD, full thickness), lesions will be removed via the anus (not through the endoscopy channel) in order to preserve their integrity. Although EMR is performed, if possible, lesions will be referred to the pathologist well oriented and pinned out on a cork based, as is standard procedure in ESD.
In order to ensure that endoscopic assessment is performed before the histology evaluation, both diagnostic assessments (control test and test evaluated) will be recorded on the REDCap database on the day of the colonoscopy. REDCap records the time and date of all changes in the variables' results. The remaining variables (demographic data, etc.) will be recorded on the data collection sheet and copied later into REDCap.
Videos of the lesion assessments will be sent to the Principal Investigator. Centralized visualization will be conducted to detect protocol violations and to exclude lesions from the study.
A blinded histology assessment will be conducted by the local pathologist and if a carcinoma with submucosal invasion is diagnosed, histology slides will be referred for an additional blinded and centralized histology evaluation at the end of the study.
Pathologists participating in the histological phase will assess all the slides with submucosal invasion and will collect the histological factors associated with lymph node metastasis.
Finally, investigators participating in the translational phase will refer paraffin blocks of 10 lesions of each JNET category (2A, 2B and 3) for genetic tests (sequencing of a panel of 45 genes and analysis of alterations in the number of copies of the genome).
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Patients with colorectal polyps | – | Diagnostic Test: White light endoscopy (WLE), Diagnostic Test: NBI/BLI +/- chromoendoscopy (NBIBLI +/- CE)Patients with non-pedunculated type 0 lesions in Paris classification (not obvious cancers) larger than 10 mm |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Consecutive patients > 18 years old who undergo a colonoscopy for any reason
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Non-pedunculated type 0 lesions in Paris classification (not obvious cancers)
- Lesions larger than 10 mm
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Lesions assessed as JNET 1 by the endoscopist or serrated by the pathologist
- Previous biopsy or resection attempt
- Previous CT, MR or USE
- Unavailable histology
- Inflammatory bowel disease
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| White light endoscopy (WLE)Subjective endoscopic assessment of deep submucosal invasion based on the presence of gross morphological malignant features, morphology and size. | Diagnostic test | Patients with colorectal polyps |
| NBI/BLI +/- chromoendoscopy (NBIBLI +/- CE)Endoscopic assessment of deep submucosal invasion with NBI and dual focus/magnification or BLI and magnification. In the case of demarcated areas or JNET 2B, Kudo pit pattern assessment with crystal violet will be performed. | Diagnostic test | Patients with colorectal polyps |
Primary outcome
The presence or absence of deep invasion according to the control test (WLE)
Time frame: One day
Deep invasion will subjectively be diagnosed based on the presence of gross morphological malignant features, morphology and size. No single malignant feature, specific morphology or size is required. The importance given to each criterion and the final diagnosis of deep invasion is based on the personal experience of the endoscopist.
The presence or absence of deep invasion according to the test evaluated (NBI/BLI +/- CE)
Time frame: One day
Deep invasion will be diagnosed in case of: * JNET type 3 or * JNET 2B + Kudo Vn pit pattern or * JNET 2B and Kudo Vi pit pattern fulfilling all the following criteria: severe Kudo Vi pit pattern + presence of a demarcated area + size (demarcated area) >6 mm for PG or 3 mm for NPG.
The presence or absence of deep invasion according to the gold standard (histology)
Time frame: One day
Deep invasion will be diagnosed if sm invasion ≥1000 μm is measured according to the Japanese guidelines by the central pathologists.
2 secondary outcomes
Presence of any genetic mutations
Time frame: one day
Number of genome copies using SNP-arrays
Time frame: one day
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 21 Sep 2023.
- Background: PubMed 27644737Backes Y, Moss A, Reitsma JB, Siersema PD, Moons LM. Narrow Band Imaging, Magnifying Chromoendoscopy, and Gross Morphological Features for the Optical Diagnosis of T1 Colorectal Cancer and Deep Submucosal Invasion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017 Jan;112(1):54-64. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2016.403. Epub 2016 Sep 20.
- Background: PubMed 23910062Hayashi N, Tanaka S, Hewett DG, Kaltenbach TR, Sano Y, Ponchon T, Saunders BP, Rex DK, Soetikno RM. Endoscopic prediction of deep submucosal invasive carcinoma: validation of the narrow-band imaging international colorectal endoscopic (NICE) classification. Gastrointest Endosc. 2013 Oct;78(4):625-32. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2013.04.185. Epub 2013 Jul 30.
- Background: PubMed 26927367Sano Y, Tanaka S, Kudo SE, Saito S, Matsuda T, Wada Y, Fujii T, Ikematsu H, Uraoka T, Kobayashi N, Nakamura H, Hotta K, Horimatsu T, Sakamoto N, Fu KI, Tsuruta O, Kawano H, Kashida H, Takeuchi Y, Machida H, Kusaka T, Yoshida N, Hirata I, Terai T, Yamano HO, Kaneko K, Nakajima T, Sakamoto T, Yamaguchi Y, Tamai N, Nakano N, Hayashi N, Oka S, Iwatate M, Ishikawa H, Murakami Y, Yoshida S, Saito Y. Narrow-band imaging (NBI) magnifying endoscopic classification of colorectal tumors proposed by the Japan NBI Expert Team. Dig Endosc. 2016 Jul;28(5):526-33. doi: 10.1111/den.12644. Epub 2016 Apr 20.
- Background: PubMed 30296432Puig I, Lopez-Ceron M, Arnau A, Rosinol O, Cuatrecasas M, Herreros-de-Tejada A, Ferrandez A, Serra-Burriel M, Nogales O, Vida F, de Castro L, Lopez-Vicente J, Vega P, Alvarez-Gonzalez MA, Gonzalez-Santiago J, Hernandez-Conde M, Diez-Redondo P, Rivero-Sanchez L, Gimeno-Garcia AZ, Burgos A, Garcia-Alonso FJ, Bustamante-Balen M, Martinez-Bauer E, Penas B, Pellise M; EndoCAR group, Spanish Gastroenterological Association and the Spanish Digestive Endoscopy Society. Accuracy of the Narrow-Band Imaging International Colorectal Endoscopic Classification System in Identification of Deep Invasion in Colorectal Polyps. Gastroenterology. 2019 Jan;156(1):75-87. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.10.004. Epub 2018 Oct 6.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Ignasi Puig, MD, PhD principal investigator
Althaia Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa
14 sites in 3 countries: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Colorectal Cancer and Colorectal Polyp, run by Althaia Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa at 14 sites in 3 countries.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 21 Sep 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 14 sites in Spain, United States, Japan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
The presence or absence of deep invasion according to the control test (WLE) (time frame: One day). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03748667, which also lists 4 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 21 Sep 2023; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 26 Oct 2026.