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Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria (Drug Resistant)Phase 4APACTNCT03726593

Drug Combinations of Atovaquone-Proguanil (AP) With ACT

A Phase 4 study testing Artesunate and Pyronaridine, Atovaquone Proguanil and Artesunate Pyronaridine and Atovaquone Proguanil and Artesunate Mefloquine in people with Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria (Drug Resistant), run by Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Thailand at 3 sites in Cambodia.

Unknown status

Status not confirmed. The sponsor has not verified this record for over two years, so it may be out of date.

Official record
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Trial summary

Investigators are conducting this study due to recent reports of many of existing malaria drugs becoming less effective for treatment of malaria. The drugs may not always kill all the parasites, therefore not all patients with malaria are being cured. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 to 70 years
What is being tested?
Artesunate and Pyronaridine, Atovaquone Proguanil and Artesunate Pyronaridine and Atovaquone Proguanil and Artesunate Mefloquine
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
252 participants
Where
3 sitesCambodia
Study dates
4 Oct 2018to 30 Dec 2022
Phase
Phase 4
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 to 70 years
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Understands Khmer spoken language
  • Male or female (18 to 70 years old)
  • Microscopic confirmation of asexual stages of Pf or mixed infection with Pf, with baseline asexual parasite densities between 100/µL to 200,000/µL
  • Able to take oral medications
  • Hemoglobin on day of enrollment ≥9.0 g/dL
  • Agree to follow-up for the anticipated study duration, including a minimum of 3 nights at the medical treatment facility (inpatient hospitalization) and weekly follow-up visits for at least 6 weeks
  • If the volunteer is on active duty in the military, the volunteer has written permission from their supervisor or states to have been authorized by his/her supervisor or the local commander to participate; and allow study staff to contact their supervisor to confirm this information

Who cannot join

  • Known allergic reaction to any of the study drugs or history of severe intolerance to any of the antimalarials used in this study.
  • Pregnant or lactating females and females of childbearing potential who do not agree to use an acceptable form of contraception during the study period and for 6 weeks following the last dose of the study drug.
  • Symptoms of severe vomiting (inability to tolerate oral fluids or oral medications during the previous 8 hours or vomiting >3 times in the last 24 hrs).
  • Diagnosis of severe malaria
  • Abnormal liver function tests i.e AST or ALT or total bilirubin > 1.5 upper limit of normal (ULN) with nausea AND right upper quadrant abdominal pain OR jaundice on exam
  • Isolated AST or ALT or Total Bilirubin >2x ULN
Show all 10Show fewer
  • Known significant cardiovascular, liver or renal abnormality or any other clinically significant illness, which in the opinion of the investigator would place the volunteer at significantly higher risk
  • Treatment for malaria within the last 4 weeks
  • Unable to provide informed consent
  • Judged by the investigator to be otherwise unsuitable for study participation (to include, but not limited to, taking other medications that are known to cause serious drug-drug interactions with the study drugs, as determined by the study physician, or having suspected medical condition or taking other drugs that may affect test results interpretation or put the volunteer at much higher risk)

Trial locations and contacts

3 sites in 1 country.

Cambodia3 sites, 3 recruiting
  • Anlong Veng Referral Hospital

    Anlong Veaeng

    Phan Kong, M.A, 016 51 09 09

    Chanthap Lon, MD

    Recruiting
  • Kratie Referral Hospital

    Kratie

    Somaly Kieng, M.D, +855 72 971 755

    Chanthap Lon, M.D, 855 23 881 845, chanthapl@afrims.org

    Recruiting
  • Stung Treng Referral Hospital

    Stung Treng

    Dysoley Lek, MD

    Not yet recruiting

Other trials in Cambodia

About this study

Official title: Multicenter Therapeutic Efficacy Assessment of Pyronaridine-Artesunate (Pyramax®) and New Drug Combinations With Atovaquone-Proguanil for the Treatment of Uncomplicated P. Falciparum Malaria in Cambodia

Investigators are conducting this study due to recent reports of many of existing malaria drugs becoming less effective for treatment of malaria. The drugs may not always kill all the parasites, therefore not all patients with malaria are being cured. The main objective of the study is to find out which malaria drugs and what drug combinations are still effective in Cambodia, an area of multi-drug resistance where 4-5 artemisinin-based combination therapies have shown inadequate response, below that established by the World Health Organization (WHO). New drug combinations (taking more than one drug for malaria at the same time), as long as well tolerated, can provide cure in patients that harbor parasites not responsive to standard first-line medications. Human genetic testing will be done to identify patients who may have suboptimal response to treatments and to study the differences in human gene expression to explain why some persons are at higher risk of complications during treatment. Markers of drug resistance to commonly used antimalarial drugs will also be evaluated and shared with national malaria program (CNM) to better guide future malaria treatment decisions in Cambodia.

Read the detailed description

Efficacy to drugs that are currently available and new antimalarial candidates that are in development are threatened by multidrug resistant (MDR) malaria parasites, widely prevalent in Cambodia. Without effective interventions, MDR malaria can pose a substantial public health threat in the years to come. Therefore, accurate, timely and relevant data on antimalarial drug resistance is of critical importance. Prompt, effective and well-tolerated treatment remains one of the cornerstones in the malaria case management. Recent malaria outbreak in Thailand and rise of malaria cases observed in Cambodia in 2017 has brought to the forefront the urgency with which new drug candidates and new combination drug treatments must be identified; otherwise, patients may be left with ineffective treatments. Lack of available alternatives has a potential to result in significant setback to the recent gains in malaria control and malaria elimination efforts. Innovative approaches to treatment proposed here, using current ACTs in combination with non-ACT drugs, such as atovaquone-proguanil, need to be investigated to assess drug tolerability and overall efficacy when used under combination treatment. By early investment in the studies of drugs such as pyronaridine-artesunate (ASPY), in combination with other antimalarials, and drug combinations proposed under this protocol, this study will try to provide the latest evidence on the interventions that are most likely to work, even in areas of MDR, such as Cambodia, and along the Cambodia-Thai border. It is hoped that our approach for using combination treatments will not only provide more effective treatments, but it might prolong the lifespan of the remaining antimalarials and delay the spread of MDR malaria to neighboring countries.

Being tested
Artesunate and Pyronaridine, Atovaquone Proguanil and Artesunate Pyronaridine, Atovaquone Proguanil and Artesunate Mefloquine
Keywords
malaria, plasmodium falciparum, malarone, atovaquone, mefloquine, pyramax, pyronaridine, combination treatment, triple therapy, multidrug resistant malaria
Medical subject headings
Malaria, Falciparum, Malaria

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Artesunate and PyronaridineDrug

    Standard weight based dosing

  • Atovaquone Proguanil and Artesunate PyronaridineDrug

    Both drugs (AP) and (ASPY) are administered once a day, on days 0, 1, and 2.

  • Atovaquone Proguanil and Artesunate MefloquineDrug

    Sequential treatment with ASMQ (on days 0, 1, and 2) followed by the treatment with AP for 3 more days (total 6 days treatment)

Study groups in NCT03726593
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
ASPYExperimentalArtesunate-pyronaridine, once daily for three days, following standard weight-based dosing per drug label. All volunteers with P.f monoinfection will receive single dose of primaquine (PQ) (15 mg) for transmission blocking.
Receives: Drug: Artesunate and Pyronaridine
AP+ASPYExperimentalAtovaquone-Proguanil (AP) + Artesunate-Pyronaridine (ASPY), once daily for three days, following standard weight-based dosing per drug label for each drug. All volunteers with P.f monoinfection receive single dose of PQ (15 mg) for transmission blocking
Receives: Drug: Atovaquone Proguanil and Artesunate Pyronaridine
AP+ASMQExperimentalAtovaquone-Proguanil (AP) + Artesunate-Mefloquine (ASMQ); ASMQ once daily for three days (D0, D1, D2), following standard weight-based dosing per drug label. Subsequently, volunteers continue their treatment with AP once daily starting on day 3, for three additional days (D3, 4, 5). All volunteers with P.f monoinfection receive single dose of PQ (15 mg) for transmission blocking.
Receives: Drug: Atovaquone Proguanil and Artesunate Mefloquine

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. 42-day polymerase chain reaction (PCR) corrected adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR), following treatment with ASPY and new drug combinations (AP+ACTs).

    Measured: 6 weeks

Secondary outcomes (15)
  1. Prevalence of molecular markers of drug resistance

    Measured: Day of enrollment and day of malaria recurrence up to 8 weeks

  2. Drug susceptibility testing of parasite isolates against standard antimalarial drugs

    Ex vivo drug susceptibility testing

    Measured: Day of enrollment and day of malaria recurrence up to 8 weeks

  3. Pharmakokinetics of each study drug - (Cmax)

    Peak plasma concentration (Cmax) for study drugs

    Measured: multiple time points up to 8 weeks

  4. Pharmakokinetics of each study drug - (AUC)

    Area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC)

    Measured: multiple time points up to 8 weeks

  5. Pharmakokinetics of each study drug - volume of distribution

    volume of distribution for study drugs

    Measured: multiple time points throughout 6 weeks of follow up

  6. Pharmakokinetics of each study drug - (T1/2)

    elimination half-life (T1/2) for study drugs

    Measured: multiple time points up to 8 weeks

  7. Kaplan Meier survival analysis of asexual blood stage parasitemia and sexual stage gametocytes

    Measured: 6 weeks

  8. Gametocyte carriage rates on days 0, 1, 2, 3, and weeks 1 through 6 for each treatment arm

    Measured: Days 0, 1, 2, 3, and weekly, up to week 8

  9. The incidence of hepatotoxicity events for each treatment arm

    Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)>5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) or percent of volunteers meeting the Hy's law definition (ALT or aspartate aminotransferase [AST] >3 x ULN and total bilirubin >2 x ULN) at any post-dose time point within 6 weeks of follow up

    Measured: Day 3 and week 6

  10. Rates of treatment-related adverse events

    Measured: 6 weeks

  11. Severity of treatment-related adverse events

    Grade 1 - mild, Grade 2 - moderate, Grade 3 - severe, Grade 4- life threatening

    Measured: 6 weeks

  12. Number of participants who say they are willing to take the same drug combination in the future

    Measured: day 2 and week 6

  13. Point efficacy with 95% Confidence Interval against blood stage malaria infection classified according to the WHO malaria treatment outcome classifications (ETF, LTF, LCTF, LPTF)

    Measured: 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 8 weeks

  14. Incidence of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency

    Comparative incidence of G6PD deficiency in the study population as determined by G6PD rapid-diagnostic tests (RDTs) and quantitative tests, to include sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) for each of the point-of-care tests against 10%, 30%, and 60% thresholds of normal G6PD activity

    Measured: Enrollment

  15. Number of infected mosquitos following membrane feeding

    Measured: Day 0, Day 3, Day 7, and on day of malaria recurrence up to 8 weeks

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted31 Oct 2018
  2. Study start4 Oct 2018
  3. Primary completion30 Aug 2022 (estimated)
  4. Study completion30 Dec 2022 (estimated)

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase 4
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Model description
Randomized, open-label clinical trial to evaluate the tolerability and clinical and parasitological responses after treatment of Pf and/or mixed infections (Pf/Pv) in volunteers with uncomplicated malaria. The assignment of volunteers will be 1:1:1 for ASPY (Pyramax), AP+ASPY (AP+Pyramax), and AP+ASMQ. All study drug administration will be by directly observed therapy (DOT).
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
252 participants (estimated)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT03726593
Sponsor's protocol ID
WR2530
Acronym
APACT
Status last verified
Mar 2021
First submitted
16 Oct 2018
Last updated
2 Mar 2021
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No: The study site will maintain appropriate medical and research records for this trial until completion of the study, in compliance with Section 4.9 of International Conference on Harmonization E6 Good Clinical Practices, and institutional requirements. The investigators and other study personnel assigned from National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control (CNM), Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS) and Naval Medical Research Center NMRC-Asia and their respective representatives are authorized access to the study data as part of their duties. The database may be shared with other collaborators, on a mutually agreed basis. Sharing and publication of the data with other parties can be done only after inter-institutional agreements are in place. The research findings may be disseminated to policy makers and other researchers for an informed decision on drug policy for the treatment of malaria.

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A Phase 4 study testing Artesunate and Pyronaridine, Atovaquone Proguanil and Artesunate Pyronaridine and Atovaquone Proguanil and Artesunate Mefloquine in people with Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria (Drug Resistant), run by Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Thailand at 3 sites in Cambodia.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 10 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 2 Mar 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 3 sites in Cambodia. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this phase mean?

Phase 4 studies take place after a treatment is approved, to learn more about its long-term benefits and risks in everyday use.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

Results are not available in the source record.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

Contact Mariusz Wojnarski, MD (+66-84-527-4646, MARIUSZ.WOJNARSKI.MIL@AFRIMS.ORG), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

42-day polymerase chain reaction (PCR) corrected adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR), following treatment with ASPY and new drug combinations (AP+ACTs). (time frame: 6 weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 2 Mar 2021.

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